Eent Review Quiz 1--eye

Sty--induration of lid margin, internal hordeolum--induration deep from lid margin.

Blepharitis consists of irritation, burning and itching due to inflammation of the lid margins. Eyelashes adhere together, conjunctiva is clear or slightly red.

Hard induration deep from the lid margin is specifically characteristic of an internal hordeolum. An internal hordeolum is an infection of the meibomian gland located within the eyelid. It is characterized by a tender, red lump on the eyelid, which may be accompanied by swelling and pain. The hard induration is due to the inflammation and infection of the gland, causing it to become firm and solid. In contrast, an external hordeolum is an infection of the eyelash follicle and is typically characterized by a red, painful bump on the edge of the eyelid.

Dacrocystitis is infection and inflammation of the lacrimal sac, due to obstruction, usually unilateral. Symptoms of dacrocystitis include epiphora, pn, swelling, tenderness and redness of lacrimal duct area. Swelling is localized to the extreme nasal aspect of lower lid

Dacroadenitis is the inflammation of the lacrimal gland. The lacrimal gland is responsible for producing tears, which help to keep the eyes lubricated and free from debris. Inflammation of this gland can lead to symptoms such as pain, swelling, and redness in the area around the eye.

A sty is the same thing as external hordeolum. A chalazion is inflammation of a meibomian gland, it is a pn-less, hard lesion. Is electively excised

The given symptoms of acute onset of copious, purulent discharge that is worse when awakening are indicative of bacterial conjunctivitis. Bacterial conjunctivitis is an infection of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria. It typically presents with symptoms such as redness, tearing, and a thick, yellow or green discharge. The discharge is often more pronounced in the morning after waking up. Viral conjunctivitis, on the other hand, usually presents with watery discharge, while keratoconjunctivitis sicca refers to dry eyes and is not associated with purulent discharge. Chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause conjunctivitis, but it usually presents with a mucopurulent discharge and is not specifically worse when awakening.

Pterygium has triangular configuration with the apex of the lesion directed toward the pupil, nasal portion is more commonly involved.

Vernal is on the upper lid conjunctiva. Atopic is described as fine papillary conjunctivitis with firbrosis resulting in entropion with trichiasis

Anterior Blepharitis involves eyelid, eyelashes, glands. Posterior Blepharitis involves meibomian glands

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, also known as dry eye syndrome, is a condition characterized by insufficient tear production or poor tear quality. This can result in dryness, irritation, and inflammation of the eyes. The term "hypo-function of lacrimal gland" refers to reduced function of the lacrimal gland, which is responsible for producing tears. In the context of the given options, keratoconjunctivitis sicca is the most relevant condition associated with lacrimal gland dysfunction, as it directly relates to decreased tear production.

Exposure to UV light, wind, and dust are risk factors for pterygium. Pterygium is a growth of pink, fleshy tissue on the conjunctiva of the eye that can extend onto the cornea. UV light from the sun can damage the conjunctiva and increase the risk of developing a pterygium. Wind and dust can also irritate the eyes and contribute to the growth of this condition. Therefore, individuals who are frequently exposed to UV light, wind, and dust are more likely to develop pterygium.

Gonococcal conjunctivitis is an ophthalmic emergency because it is a severe bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This infection can lead to rapid and severe damage to the eye and surrounding tissues, including corneal ulceration and perforation. If left untreated, it can cause permanent vision loss. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial to prevent complications and preserve vision. Bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, and chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis are also eye infections, but they are not considered ophthalmic emergencies as they are generally less severe and can be managed with appropriate treatment.

Corneal ulcer is most commonly due to infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, amoebas). Delayed treatment leads to devistating consequences with intraocular infection or corneal scarring.

Pinguecula is a degenerative lesion of bulbur (globe) conjunctiva. Yellow-white amorphous lesion usually on the nasal side. This is asymptomatic, just cosmetic. Usually bilateral and always in the horizontal meridian.

S. aureus is a bacterium that commonly causes various infections, including external and internal hordeolum, acute dacrocystitis, and dacroadenitis. However, chronic dacryocystitis is not typically caused by S. aureus. This condition is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the tear drainage system and is often caused by other bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae. Therefore, chronic dacryocystitis is the exception among the given options in terms of being caused by S. aureus.