Recycling Of Earth's Materials And Sculpting The Land Practice Quiz

Explanation
The correct answer is physical and chemical. Weathering refers to the breakdown and alteration of rocks and minerals on the Earth's surface. Physical weathering involves the mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition. Examples of physical weathering include freeze-thaw cycles, abrasion, and exfoliation. On the other hand, chemical weathering involves the chemical alteration of rocks through processes such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and carbonation. Both physical and chemical weathering play important roles in the overall process of rock decay and soil formation.

Explanation
Extrusive igneous rocks, such as obsidian and pumice, are formed from lava that erupts from active volcanoes. Unlike intrusive igneous rocks like granite, which form beneath the Earth's surface from magma, extrusive rocks are formed when lava cools and solidifies quickly on the Earth's surface. Therefore, active volcanoes and lava are responsible for the formation of extrusive igneous rocks, but magma does not directly contribute to their formation.

Explanation
A mineral is a naturally occurring solid substance with a definite chemical composition. It is inorganic, meaning it is not derived from living organisms. Additionally, minerals have a distinct crystal shape, which is a result of their internal arrangement of atoms. Therefore, the correct answer includes all of these characteristics: inorganic, naturally occurring, solid, crystal shape, and definite chemical composition.

Explanation
The correct answer is Metamorphic, Igneous, Sedimentary. Rocks are classified into three main types based on their formation process and characteristics. Metamorphic rocks are formed by the transformation of existing rocks under high temperature and pressure. Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten material (magma or lava). Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation and compaction of sediments over time. Therefore, the answer Metamorphic, Igneous, Sedimentary accurately represents the three types of rocks.

Explanation
Both extreme heat and extreme pressure can cause the formation of foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rocks. Extreme heat can cause minerals in existing rocks to recrystallize and form new minerals, while extreme pressure can cause the minerals to align in a specific pattern, resulting in foliation. Therefore, both factors play a role in the formation of metamorphic rocks.

Explanation
A rock that contains a metal or other useful mineral is commonly referred to as "ore". This term is used to describe rocks that have a high concentration of valuable minerals, such as aluminum in the case of bauxite. Ore is typically extracted and processed to extract the desired minerals for various industrial purposes.

Explanation
Physical and chemical weathering are two types of weathering processes that occur in nature. Physical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition. This can occur through processes such as freeze-thaw cycles, abrasion, and exfoliation. Chemical weathering, on the other hand, involves the alteration of rocks and minerals through chemical reactions. This can occur through processes such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and carbonation. Both physical and chemical weathering play important roles in the breakdown and transformation of Earth's surface materials over time.

Explanation
Water weathers rock more than wind. Water erosion occurs when water wears away rocks and sediments over time, through processes like abrasion, dissolution, and hydraulic action. This can result in the formation of canyons, caves, and other geological features. Wind erosion, on the other hand, primarily affects loose sediments and can cause sand dunes and the movement of particles. However, water's ability to dissolve and physically wear away rocks makes it a more significant factor in rock weathering.

Explanation
Oxidation does cause weathering in the form of rust. Rust is a type of oxidation reaction that occurs when iron or steel is exposed to oxygen and moisture. The oxygen in the air reacts with the metal, forming iron oxide, which is commonly known as rust. This process weakens the metal over time, leading to its deterioration and eventual breakdown. On the other hand, acid rain is not directly caused by oxidation. It is a result of pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, reacting with water vapor in the atmosphere, forming acidic compounds that fall to the ground as rain.

Explanation
Chemical weathering does not produce rock particles with the same mineral make-up as their original form. In fact, chemical weathering involves the breakdown and alteration of minerals in rocks, leading to the formation of new minerals that may have different compositions. This process can result in the disintegration and decomposition of rocks, causing them to lose their original mineral composition. Therefore, the given statement is false.