Pmkvy - Ftns Final Internal Assessment

A browser is a software that allows users to access and browse web pages on the internet. It retrieves and displays information from websites, enabling users to navigate through different web pages, view multimedia content, and interact with various online services. Browsers provide a user-friendly interface and support features like bookmarks, tabbed browsing, and search functionality to enhance the web browsing experience.

In IPv4 addressing, each IP address is a unique 32-bit number. This means that IPv4 addresses are composed of 32 binary digits or bits, which are divided into four groups of eight bits each, known as octets. Each octet is represented in decimal form, ranging from 0 to 255, and is separated by periods. This addressing scheme allows for approximately 4.3 billion unique IP addresses to be assigned.

Data (information) is stored in computers as files. Files are containers that hold data, such as documents, images, videos, or any other type of digital information. They are organized into directories, which are like folders that help in organizing and managing the files. Floppies, on the other hand, are a type of storage media that were commonly used in the past but are now outdated. Matter refers to physical substances and is not directly related to computer storage.

A node with an IP address of 168.34.88.29 belongs to a Class B network. In IPv4 addressing, the first octet of the IP address determines the class of the network. Class B networks have a range of IP addresses from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255, and the first octet falls within this range.

A hard disk is divided into tracks, which are concentric circles on the disk surface. These tracks are further divided into sectors. Sectors are the smallest unit of storage on a hard disk and are used to store data. Each sector typically holds a fixed amount of data, usually 512 bytes. Therefore, the correct answer is sectors.

Resistance is a measure of how much a material or device impedes the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms, which is the unit of electrical resistance. The higher the resistance, the more difficult it is for current to flow through the material or device. Volts, amps, and watts are not units of resistance, but rather units of voltage, current, and power, respectively.

The valid domain and forest functional levels for a Windows Server 2008 domain include Windows Server 2003 /2008. This means that the domain and forest functional levels can be set to either Windows Server 2003 or Windows Server 2008.

Secondary memory is also known as auxiliary memory because it is used to store data and programs that are not currently being used by the computer's processor. It provides additional storage capacity and is typically slower than primary memory (such as RAM). Auxiliary memory devices include hard disk drives, solid-state drives, optical drives, and magnetic tape drives. These devices allow for long-term storage of data and programs, even when the computer is turned off. Therefore, the correct answer is "Auxiliary memory".

NICs (Network Interface Cards) are hardware devices that allow computers to connect to a network. They contain a data transceiver, which is responsible for transmitting and receiving data signals between the computer and the network. This transceiver enables the computer to send and receive data packets over the network, allowing for communication and data transfer. Therefore, the correct answer is "data transceiver".

The default subnet mask for a Class B network is 255.255.0.0. Class B networks have a default subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 because they have a network portion of 16 bits and a host portion of 16 bits. This allows for a maximum of 65,534 hosts on each network.

The correct answer is ATX. The ATX motherboard form factor uses one 20 pin connector for power supply. AT and BABY AT do not use a 20 pin connector. Therefore, the correct answer is ATX.

A laser printer is commonly used for desktop publishing because it offers high-quality printing with sharp and precise text and graphics. It uses a laser beam to create an electrostatic image on a drum, which is then transferred onto paper using toner. Laser printers are known for their fast printing speed, high resolution, and ability to handle complex documents. They are widely used in offices and professional settings where high-quality printing is required for desktop publishing tasks.

ThinkPad is the correct answer because it is the name of the series of laptop computers manufactured by IBM. IBM is known for producing high-quality laptops under the ThinkPad brand, which are renowned for their durability, performance, and innovative features. The ThinkPad series has gained a strong reputation among business professionals and technology enthusiasts for its reliability and user-friendly design.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented sub protocol. This means that it establishes a reliable and ordered connection between two devices before data transmission occurs. TCP ensures that all packets are received in the correct order and handles retransmission of lost or corrupted packets. This connection-oriented approach guarantees a reliable and error-free data transfer, making TCP suitable for applications that require data integrity, such as web browsing, email, and file transfers.

RAM, or Random Access Memory, is often used in a typical computer operation. It is a type of computer memory that allows data to be read from and written to quickly. RAM is used to store data that is currently being used by the computer's operating system and software programs. It provides fast access to data, allowing the computer to perform tasks efficiently. Unlike ROM (Read-Only Memory) or HDD (Hard Disk Drive), RAM is volatile memory, meaning that its contents are lost when the computer is powered off.

Optic Fiber Cable can transmit data at high speeds because it uses light to carry information. It consists of a thin glass or plastic fiber that allows light to travel through it. This enables the transmission of data at very high speeds, as light can travel much faster than electrical signals used in other types of cables such as coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, and UTP cable.

The most common logical topologies are bus and ring. A bus topology is a network configuration where all devices are connected to a central cable called a bus. Data is transmitted along the bus to all connected devices, and each device receives the data and checks if it is intended for them. This topology is simple and cost-effective, but if the bus cable fails, the entire network can go down. A ring topology, on the other hand, connects devices in a circular manner, where each device is connected to two neighboring devices. Data travels around the ring in one direction, and each device receives and passes on the data until it reaches its destination.

ICs, or integrated circuits, are classified on the basis of the number of transistors they contain. The number of transistors in an IC determines its complexity and functionality. ICs with a higher number of transistors can perform more complex tasks and have more advanced features. Therefore, the number of transistors is a crucial factor in categorizing and differentiating ICs. The other options mentioned, such as the manufacturing company or type of computer, do not play a significant role in classifying ICs.

GPOs (Group Policy Objects) are updated on domain controllers at approximately 15-minute intervals. This means that any changes made to GPOs will be propagated to the domain controllers within this timeframe. This interval allows for efficient and timely distribution of policy updates across the domain, ensuring that all client computers receive the latest policies and settings.

A collision domain is the portion of a network where collisions occur if two nodes transmit data at the same time. In other words, it is the area where packets from different devices can collide and cause data loss or corruption. This can happen in Ethernet networks when multiple devices are connected to a shared medium, such as a hub or a half-duplex switch. In a collision domain, devices must follow the CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) protocol to avoid collisions by checking for activity on the network before transmitting data.

Computer software includes operating system programs, application programs, and packaged programs. Operating system programs are essential software that manage computer hardware and software resources. Application programs are software designed to perform specific tasks or functions for the user, such as word processors or web browsers. Packaged programs refer to software that is commercially available and ready to be installed and used by the user. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of these" as computer software includes all these types of programs.

Nortel is a company that specializes in manufacturing network equipment. This includes devices such as routers, switches, and other networking hardware that are essential for the functioning of computer networks. Network equipment is crucial for establishing and maintaining communication between devices and ensuring the smooth flow of data within a network. Nortel's expertise lies in developing and producing high-quality network equipment, making it the correct answer in this context.

In the latest generation computers, instructions are executed both sequentially and in parallel. This means that some instructions are executed one after the other in a sequential manner, while other instructions are executed simultaneously in parallel. This allows for faster processing and improved performance, as multiple tasks can be performed at the same time. Sequential execution ensures that instructions are executed in the correct order, while parallel execution allows for efficient utilization of resources and faster completion of tasks.

The correct answer is Remote Desktop Connection / Assistance. These two features are available in Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 7. Remote Desktop Connection allows users to access their computer from a remote location, while Remote Assistance enables users to seek help from another user to troubleshoot and fix issues on their computer. Both features provide remote access and support capabilities, making them available across these three Windows operating systems.

Traditional switches operate at the data link layer of the OSI model. The data link layer is responsible for the reliable transfer of data between two directly connected nodes over a physical link. Switches use MAC addresses to forward data packets within a local area network (LAN) by examining the destination MAC address in the data link layer header. Therefore, the data link layer is the correct layer at which traditional switches operate.

Incorrect CMOS settings can cause a fixed disk error. The CMOS settings store information about the computer's hardware configuration, including the settings for the hard disk. If the CMOS settings for the hard disk are incorrect, such as selecting the wrong disk type or specifying an incorrect disk size, it can lead to a fixed disk error. This error prevents the computer from properly accessing the hard disk and can result in data loss or the inability to boot the operating system.

Firmware refers to programs that are permanently stored in read-only memory (ROM). Unlike software, which can be modified or deleted, firmware remains unchanged and is essential for the functioning of hardware devices. It provides the necessary instructions for the hardware to perform specific tasks and is typically embedded within the device itself. Therefore, the correct answer is "Firmware."

A hub is a repeater with more than one output port. A hub is a networking device that is used to connect multiple devices in a local area network (LAN). It receives data packets from one port and broadcasts them to all other ports, allowing all connected devices to receive the data. Therefore, a hub is the correct answer because it acts as a repeater with multiple output ports.

The correct answer is PCIe. PCIe stands for Peripheral Component Interconnect Express, which is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard. It is currently the most popular expansion board NIC (Network Interface Controller) because it offers faster data transfer rates compared to other bus standards like ISA or ExpressCard. PCIe provides improved performance and scalability, making it the preferred choice for modern computer systems.

The 1st computer instructions are available on boot up from ROM BIOS. ROM stands for Read-Only Memory, which is a type of memory that stores permanent instructions for the computer. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System, which is a firmware that initializes hardware components and loads the operating system. During the boot up process, the computer accesses the ROM BIOS to retrieve the initial instructions required to start the system.

The term 10/100, in the context of a network interface card, refers to the maximum speed at which data can be transferred. It signifies that the card is capable of supporting both 10 Mbps (megabits per second) and 100 Mbps speeds. This means that the card can handle data transfer rates of up to 100 Mbps, making it suitable for both slower 10 Mbps networks and faster 100 Mbps networks.

When installing a new IDE hard drive, the first thing to check is the jumpers on the hard drive. Jumpers are small connectors that determine the drive's configuration, such as whether it is set as a master or slave drive. If the jumpers are not correctly set, the system BIOS will not be able to recognize the new drive. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the jumpers are properly configured according to the system's requirements.

MAR stands for Memory Address Register. It is a hardware component in a computer that holds the address of the memory location that is currently being accessed or written to. The MAR is responsible for sending the memory address to the memory unit, allowing the CPU to read or write data from or to that specific memory location. Therefore, the statement "It holds the address of the active memory" accurately describes the function of the MAR.

The correct answer is IP. IP (Internet Protocol) is the sub protocol that enables TCP/IP to internetwork. It allows data packets to be sent across multiple LAN segments and different types of networks through routers. IP provides the necessary addressing and routing functions to ensure that data reaches its intended destination across the internet. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is responsible for establishing reliable connections between devices, ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for network diagnostics and error reporting, and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol used for faster data transmission without error-checking.

IEEE 1284 is the correct answer because it is the standard that governs parallel communications. RS232 and RS-232a are standards for serial communications, not parallel. CAT 5 is a standard for Ethernet cables, not specifically for parallel communications. Therefore, IEEE 1284 is the most appropriate standard for governing parallel communications.

Sony was one of the original designers of floppy disk drives. They played a significant role in the development and popularization of this technology. Sony's contribution to the design and manufacturing of floppy disk drives made them a key player in the market. Their expertise and innovation in this field have made them a recognized name in the history of floppy disk drives.

DirectX is a software developed by Microsoft that provides a collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) for handling tasks related to multimedia, especially game programming and video on Microsoft platforms. It is specifically designed to drive and manage the graphic hardware of a computer system, enabling developers to create and optimize high-performance graphics and multimedia applications. Therefore, the correct answer is "Software that drives Graphic hardware."

The units used to count the speed of a printer are typically measured in pages per minute (PPM) or characters per minute (CPM). DPI refers to dots per inch, which is a measure of print resolution, and BIT is not a commonly used unit for measuring printer speed. Therefore, the correct answer is PPM.

To eliminate the possibility of a broadcast storm, switches and bridges implement the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). STP is a network protocol that prevents loops in a network topology by creating a loop-free logical topology. It achieves this by selectively blocking redundant paths and allowing only one active path between any two network devices. By doing so, STP ensures that broadcast frames and other network traffic do not endlessly circulate in the network, thereby preventing a broadcast storm.

RS-232 is a standard that applies to serial ports. RS-232 is a communication standard that defines the voltage levels, signal timing, and connector pinouts for serial communication between devices. It is commonly used for connecting devices such as modems, printers, and computer terminals to a computer. Serial ports transmit data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a single communication line, making RS-232 the appropriate standard for serial port communication.

Acer is a personal computer manufacturer from Taiwan. Sony is a Japanese company known for its electronics, IBM is an American multinational technology company, and Samsung is a South Korean conglomerate. Therefore, the correct answer is Acer.

A microcomputer is formed by the combination of a microprocessor unit, a memory unit, and an input/output unit. The microprocessor unit is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations, the memory unit stores data and instructions, and the input/output unit allows the microcomputer to interact with external devices. Therefore, a microcomputer is the correct answer as it encompasses all three components mentioned.

The long horizontal bar at the bottom of the screen that includes the running programs, the Start button, and the Notification Area is called the taskbar. It provides easy access to open and switch between different programs and also displays notifications and system icons.

NTP (Network Time Protocol) is a simple Application layer protocol used to synchronize the clocks of computers on a network. It allows computers to accurately maintain the same time by exchanging time information with NTP servers. This synchronization is important for various network applications that rely on accurate timekeeping, such as transaction processing, logging, and authentication. NTP uses a hierarchical structure of time servers to ensure accuracy and reliability in time synchronization across the network.

Domain & OU (Organizational Unit) are both container objects in a Windows Active Directory environment. They are used to organize and manage objects such as users, computers, and groups within a network. A domain is a logical grouping of network resources, while an OU is a subdivision within a domain that allows for further organization and delegation of administrative tasks.

Windows Firewall with Advanced Security enables you to create a standard platform to develop secure networks and electronic tunnels between two machines. It provides advanced features such as inbound and outbound filtering, monitoring, and logging of network traffic. It allows you to create rules and policies to control network traffic and protect against unauthorized access. Additionally, it supports the creation of secure virtual private network (VPN) connections, which can be used to establish secure tunnels between machines over the internet.

Gateways are combinations of networking hardware and software that connect two dissimilar kinds of networks. Unlike routers and switches, which primarily connect networks of the same kind, gateways are specifically designed to bridge the gap between different types of networks. They can translate protocols, perform data format conversions, and enable communication between networks that use different technologies or standards. Gateways are essential for connecting networks with different architectures, such as connecting a local area network (LAN) to the internet.

The correct answer is MX. MX stands for Mail Exchanger, and it is a type of DNS record that specifies the mail server responsible for accepting incoming email messages for a specific domain. It points out the location of the mail server, allowing email to be properly routed and delivered to the intended recipients.

NTFS (New Technology File System) is the file system technology that provides file level security. It allows users to set permissions and access controls on individual files and folders, ensuring that only authorized users can access or modify them. This level of security is not available in FAT (File Allocation Table) or FAT32 (File Allocation Table 32) file systems. Ext3 (Third Extended File System) also does not provide file level security.

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) hard drives provide the fastest access to large video files. SCSI is a high-performance interface that allows for faster data transfer rates compared to other interfaces like IDE and EIDE. This makes SCSI hard drives ideal for handling large video files, which require quick access and retrieval. Optical drives, on the other hand, are not as fast as SCSI hard drives when it comes to accessing large video files.