Genetics Mini Quiz: Cobley

The punnett square shown below is not set up correctly.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the phenotype refers to the observable physical traits or characteristics of an organism, while the genotype is the genetic code or combination of alleles that determine those traits. In other words, the phenotype is what we can see or measure, such as hair color or height, while the genotype is the underlying genetic information that determines the phenotype. Therefore, it is true that the phenotype of a gene is the physical trait that shows, and the genotype is the gene code for that trait.

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The genotype NN represents a long nose because it is homozygous dominant, meaning it has two copies of the dominant allele. The genotype Nn represents a long nose as well because it is heterozygous, meaning it has one copy of the dominant allele. The genotype nn represents a short nose because it is homozygous recessive, meaning it has two copies of the recessive allele.

In a Punnett square, the different combinations of alleles from the parents are shown to determine the probability of different genotypes in the offspring. In this case, the Punnett square shows the cross between two individuals with genotype AA and aa. The lower right box represents the possible genotype of the offspring. Since the lowercase letter "a" represents the recessive allele, and both parents have the genotype aa, it is certain that the offspring will also have the genotype aa.

The given answer correctly states that the parents are both purple (PP) and the offspring are all purple. This is because in the punnett square, when both parents have the dominant purple allele (P), there is no possibility for the recessive white allele (p) to be passed on to the offspring. Therefore, all the offspring will inherit the dominant purple allele from both parents, resulting in them being all purple.

When crossing two heterozygous guinea pigs (Bb x Bb), there is a 25% chance of producing offspring with white fur. This is because the lowercase "b" represents the recessive allele for white fur, and in order for an offspring to have white fur, it must inherit the "b" allele from both parents. Since both parents are heterozygous (Bb), there is a 25% chance of each offspring inheriting the "b" allele from both parents and therefore having white fur.

The correct answer is that the genotype for the spotted cow is Ff and the genotype for the black cow is ff. This is because spotted fur is dominant (F) and black fur is recessive (f). The spotted cow is heterozygous, meaning it has one dominant allele (F) and one recessive allele (f). The black cow is homozygous recessive, meaning it has two recessive alleles (ff).

The given information states that dimples are dominant (D) and no dimples are recessive (d). The genotype of the known parent is DD. Since the offspring have dimples, it means that they inherited the dominant allele from the known parent. Therefore, the missing parent must have at least one dominant allele (D) in order for the offspring to have dimples. The genotype of the missing parent is therefore Dd. The answer also states that 3 of the offspring have dimples, which supports the conclusion that the missing parent has the genotype Dd.