Radioactive Isotope Quiz Questions And Answers

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  • 1/162 Questions

    You pull on a crate and it moves at a constant velocity. The acceleration of the crate is:

    • Greater than zero
    • Equal to zero
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See what you already know about the radioactive isotope with this interactive quiz and practice trivia.

Radioactive Isotope Quiz Questions And Answers - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    When uranium-238 emits an alpha particle, uranium transforms into 

    • ​thorium-242.

    • Thorium-238.

    • Thorium-234.

    • Any of the above thorium isotopes.

    Correct Answer
    A. Thorium-234.
    Explanation
    When uranium-238 emits an alpha particle, it loses two protons and two neutrons. This results in the formation of a new element with an atomic number that is two less than uranium. Since thorium-234 has an atomic number two less than uranium-238, it is the correct answer.

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  • 3. 

    According to the fossil record, for almost 4 billion years of geologic history, there were no complex multi-celled organisms on Earth.

    • True

    • Fals

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because the fossil record, which provides evidence of past life on Earth, shows that for nearly 4 billion years, there were no complex multi-celled organisms. This means that during this period, life on Earth was predominantly composed of single-celled organisms. The emergence of complex multi-celled organisms occurred much later in Earth's history.

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  • 4. 

    Mass wasting plays a significant role in:

    • The transportation of earth materials from slopes to river systems.

    • The reduction of steep topographic features to more gravitationally stable slopes.

    • The widening of canyons and valleys

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Mass wasting refers to the movement of rocks, soil, and other materials down slopes under the influence of gravity. It can transport these earth materials from slopes to river systems, contributing to sedimentation and the formation of river valleys. Additionally, mass wasting helps in the reduction of steep topographic features by causing erosion and reshaping slopes into more stable configurations. This process can also widen canyons and valleys as materials are removed and transported downstream. Therefore, all of the given options are correct, as mass wasting plays a significant role in each of these processes.

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  • 5. 

    The current estimated geological age of the Earth is approximately:

    • 100 million years

    • 3.8 billion years

    • 4.5 million years

    • 4.5 billion years

    • 462 million years

    Correct Answer
    A. 4.5 billion years
    Explanation
    The current estimated geological age of the Earth is believed to be approximately 4.5 billion years. This estimation is based on various scientific methods, such as radiometric dating of rocks and minerals, which provide evidence of the Earth's age. These methods involve measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes in rocks and calculating the time it takes for them to decay. By analyzing different rock samples from various parts of the Earth, scientists have determined that the planet is around 4.5 billion years old.

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  • 6. 

    When water is transformed from a liquid to a solid, the change is classified as a:

    • Chemical change

    • Physical change

    Correct Answer
    A. Physical change
    Explanation
    When water is transformed from a liquid to a solid, it undergoes a physical change. This is because the molecules in water rearrange themselves to form a solid structure, but the chemical composition of water remains the same. The change from liquid to solid is a result of cooling or freezing, which causes the water molecules to slow down and come closer together, forming a solid lattice. This change can be reversed by heating the solid, causing it to melt back into a liquid, further supporting the classification of this change as a physical change.

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  • 7. 

    According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, which of the following explains why you have to keep refilling your gas tank?

    • The nucleii of the atoms (mass) of gasoline are converted into pure energy during nuclear reactions according to E=mc 2.

    • During combustion reactions, mass can actually be destroyed and will no longer exist.

    • The atoms (mass) of gasoline are rearranged and converted into exhaust fumes.

    • Internal combustion engines have not yet been designed to conserve mass and therefore gasoline will disappear over time.

    Correct Answer
    A. The atoms (mass) of gasoline are rearranged and converted into exhaust fumes.
    Explanation
    According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, mass cannot be created or destroyed, only rearranged. Therefore, the correct answer is that the atoms (mass) of gasoline are rearranged and converted into exhaust fumes. This means that while the gasoline is being burned in the engine, the atoms are being rearranged and transformed into the gases that make up the exhaust fumes, causing the need to refill the gas tank.

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  • 8. 

    What type of unconformity exists between the River Terrace sediments and the Tyee Formation?

    • Angular Unconformity

    • Disconformity

    • Nonconformity

    Correct Answer
    A. Angular Unconformity
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Angular Unconformity. Angular unconformity refers to a type of unconformity where the older sedimentary layers are tilted or folded and then eroded before the deposition of younger sedimentary layers. In this case, the River Terrace sediments and the Tyee Formation show a significant difference in their orientation, indicating a period of deformation and erosion before the deposition of the Tyee Formation.

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  • 9. 

    Which form of radiation would be the most penetration of the most difficult to shield yourself from?

    • Alpha particles.

    • Beta Particles

    • Gamma Rays

    Correct Answer
    A. Gamma Rays
    Explanation
    Gamma rays are the most difficult to shield yourself from because they have the highest energy and can penetrate through most materials. Unlike alpha and beta particles, which can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air, gamma rays require thick and dense materials such as lead or concrete to effectively shield against them. This makes gamma rays the most dangerous form of radiation and the hardest to protect against.

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  • 10. 
    Which formation is the oldest? - ProProfs

    Which formation is the oldest?

    • Gabbro Dike

    • Tyee formation

    • Siletz River Formation

    • River Terrace sediments

    Correct Answer
    A. Siletz River Formation
    Explanation
    The Siletz River Formation is the oldest formation among the options given. This can be inferred based on the principle of superposition, which states that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the oldest rocks are found at the bottom. Since the Siletz River Formation is listed last in the options, it can be concluded that it is the oldest formation.

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  • 11. 
    Which formation is the youngest? - ProProfs

    Which formation is the youngest?

    • Gabbro Dike

    • Tyee Formation

    • Siletz River Formation

    • River Terrace Sediments

    Correct Answer
    A. River Terrace Sediments
    Explanation
    River Terrace Sediments are the youngest formation because they are typically formed by the erosion and deposition of sediments from rivers onto terraces. These sediments are relatively recent, as they are constantly being deposited and reworked by the river. In contrast, Gabbro Dike, Tyee Formation, and Siletz River Formation are all older formations that have been in existence for a longer period of time.

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  • 12. 

    While standing on the Moon, an astronaut releases a hammer and a feather from the same height and a the same time. Which of the following is true?

    • The hammer will hit the ground first because it has a greater weight.

    • Both will hit the ground at the same time because the are no effects from air resistance

    • Both will float away because gravity only exists on Earth

    • The feather will hit the ground firs because lighter objects fall faster on the Moon

    Correct Answer
    A. Both will hit the ground at the same time because the are no effects from air resistance
    Explanation
    Both the hammer and the feather will hit the ground at the same time because there are no effects from air resistance. On the Moon, there is no atmosphere to create air resistance, so objects of different weights will fall at the same rate. This is known as the principle of equivalence, which states that in the absence of air resistance, all objects near the surface of the Moon (or any other celestial body) will fall with the same acceleration due to gravity.

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  • 13. 

    What type of energy is majority of the car's kinetic energy transformed into when the brakes are applied?

    • Thermal or Heat Energy

    • Light

    • Potential

    • Electuicity

    • Chemical

    Correct Answer
    A. Thermal or Heat Energy
    Explanation
    When the brakes are applied in a car, the majority of the car's kinetic energy is transformed into thermal or heat energy. This is because the brakes create friction between the brake pads and the rotors, which converts the kinetic energy of the moving car into heat energy. This heat energy is then dissipated into the surrounding environment, causing the brakes and the surrounding area to become hot.

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  • 14. 

    What is the term used for sediments that are transported and deposited by river systems?

    • Evaporites

    • Moraine

    • Regolith

    • Talus

    • Alluvium

    Correct Answer
    A. Alluvium
    Explanation
    Alluvium is the correct answer because it refers to the sediments that are transported and deposited by river systems. When rivers flow, they carry various materials such as sand, silt, and clay, which eventually settle and accumulate on the riverbed or floodplain. This accumulation of sediments is known as alluvium.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is true about objects that fall toward Earth?

    • Heavier objects always fall faster than lighter objects because the experience a greater acceleration due to gravity.

    • Gravity causes all objects fall at the same rate, but air resistance can cause variations in the falling rate.

    Correct Answer
    A. Gravity causes all objects fall at the same rate, but air resistance can cause variations in the falling rate.
    Explanation
    Heavier objects always fall faster than lighter objects because they experience a greater acceleration due to gravity is not true. The correct answer is that gravity causes all objects to fall at the same rate, but air resistance can cause variations in the falling rate. This is because gravity is a constant force that acts on all objects regardless of their weight, while air resistance can affect the speed at which objects fall depending on their shape and surface area.

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  • 16. 

    Inertia is

    • A measure of how fast an object is moving.

    • The property by which objects resist changes in motion.

    • A measure of the volume of an object.

    • The force acting on an object due to gravity

    • A change in velocity over time.

    Correct Answer
    A. The property by which objects resist changes in motion.
    Explanation
    Inertia is the property by which objects resist changes in motion. It refers to the tendency of an object to remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. This means that an object with more inertia will require a greater force to change its state of motion, whether it is at rest or already moving. Inertia is not related to the speed at which an object is moving, but rather to its resistance to changes in motion.

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  • 17. 

    The mass of 1kg of iron is

    • Is less on the Moon

    • Is greater on the Moon

    • Weighs the same anywhere.

    • Is the same on the Moon

    • Nonexistent on the Moon

    Correct Answer
    A. Is the same on the Moon
    Explanation
    The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter it contains, and it remains the same regardless of the location. Therefore, the mass of 1kg of iron would be the same on the Moon as it is on Earth or any other location. The force of gravity may be different on the Moon compared to Earth, resulting in a different weight for the iron, but the mass remains constant.

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  • 18. 

    An object that has a decrease in its velocity is undergoing an acceleration

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    When an object experiences a decrease in its velocity, it means that it is slowing down or decelerating. According to the definition of acceleration, it is the rate at which velocity changes over time. Since the object's velocity is changing, specifically decreasing, it is undergoing acceleration. Therefore, the statement "An object that has a decrease in its velocity is undergoing an acceleration" is true.

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  • 19. 

    The box in the previous question has mass of 5 kg. Calculate the acceleration of the box.

    • 40 m/s2 to the right.

    • 8 m/s2 to the right.

    • 8 m/s2 to the left.

    • 5 m/s2 to the left.

    • 40 m/s2 to the left.

    Correct Answer
    A. 5 m/s2 to the left.
  • 20. 

    You apply the same amount of force on two separate carts. One cart has a mass of 10 kg while the other has a mass of 20 kg. Which of the following statements is true?

    • The 20 kg car will have twice the acceleration of the 10 kg cart-

    • Both the 20 Kg and the 10 kg cart will undergo the same acceleration.

    • The 10 kg cart will experience 4 times the acceleration of the 20 kg cart

    • The 10 kg cart will experience twice the acceleration of the 20 kg cart

    • The 10 kg cart will experience 10 times the acceleration of the 20 kg cart

    Correct Answer
    A. The 10 kg cart will experience twice the acceleration of the 20 kg cart
    Explanation
    The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to its mass when the force applied is constant. In this case, since the force applied is the same on both carts, the cart with a lower mass (10 kg) will experience a higher acceleration compared to the cart with a higher mass (20 kg). Therefore, the statement "The 10 kg cart will experience twice the acceleration of the 20 kg cart" is true.

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  • 21. 

    A 500 kg cannon firs a 5 kg cannonball. The force exerted on the cannonball is 1,000N. Which of the following is true about the force exerted back on the cannon?

    • 1,000 N

    • More than 1,000 N

    • Less than 1,000 N

    • 0 N

    Correct Answer
    A. 1,000 N
    Explanation
    The force exerted back on the cannon will be equal to the force exerted on the cannonball, which is 1,000 N. According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore, the force exerted back on the cannon will be the same as the force exerted on the cannonball.

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  • 22. 

    When both the force and time of contact are doubled, the impulse or change in momentum on an object is:

    • Unchanged

    • Doubled

    • Four times more

    • Half as much

    Correct Answer
    A. Four times more
    Explanation
    When both the force and time of contact are doubled, the impulse or change in momentum on an object is four times more. This is because impulse is equal to the product of force and time, so when both of these quantities are doubled, the overall impulse experienced by the object is quadrupled.

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  • 23. 

    When a box is lifted to an elevated position, it gains gravitational potential energy. where does that energy come from?

    • It is form of energy that was created when the box was lifted.

    • It come from the work that was done on the box in order to elevate it to that position.

    • It come from the matter that makes up the box.

    • From thermal energy absorbed by the box.

    Correct Answer
    A. It come from the work that was done on the box in order to elevate it to that position.
    Explanation
    The energy comes from the work that was done on the box to lift it to an elevated position. Work is the transfer of energy, and in this case, the energy is transferred to the box as it is lifted against the force of gravity. This work done on the box increases its potential energy, which is then stored as gravitational potential energy.

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  • 24. 

    A landslide moves rapidly down slope and picks up additional material which increases the mass. If its mass increases 4 times, than what will happen to its momentum and kinetic energy (KE)? Assume that the velocity has not changed.

    • 4 times less momentum and KE

    • Will maintain the same momentum and KE

    • 16 times as much momentum and 16 times as much KE

    • 4 times as much momentum and 4 times as much KE

    • 4 times as much momentum and 16 times as much KE

    Correct Answer
    A. 4 times as much momentum and 4 times as much KE
    Explanation
    If the mass of the landslide increases 4 times while the velocity remains the same, the momentum will also increase 4 times. This is because momentum is directly proportional to mass. Similarly, since kinetic energy is directly proportional to both mass and the square of velocity, if the mass increases 4 times and the velocity remains the same, the kinetic energy will also increase 4 times. Therefore, the correct answer is that the momentum and kinetic energy will increase 4 times.

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  • 25. 

    Based on its composition, which building material will weather more rapidly?

    • Limestone

    • Granite

    Correct Answer
    A. Limestone
    Explanation
    Limestone will weather more rapidly compared to granite based on its composition. Limestone is primarily made up of calcium carbonate, which is susceptible to chemical weathering caused by acidic rainwater and other environmental factors. This leads to the erosion and dissolution of the limestone over time. On the other hand, granite is a much harder and more durable material composed of minerals like quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is less prone to weathering and can withstand the effects of weather and erosion for a longer period.

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  • 26. 

    A ball rolls down a track. friction with the track causes some of its initial potential energy to be converted to what form energy.

    • ​Chamical potential energy stored in the ball

    • Produces electromagnetic energy

    • Increases the kinetic energy of the ball

    • Heat or thermal energy lost to surroundings

    Correct Answer
    A. Heat or thermal energy lost to surroundings
    Explanation
    As the ball rolls down the track, friction with the track causes it to lose some of its initial potential energy. This energy is converted into heat or thermal energy, which is then lost to the surroundings. Friction generates heat as it opposes the motion of the ball, resulting in the conversion of potential energy into thermal energy.

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  • 27. 

    Does an object have the same mass on Earth as it does on the Moon?

    • Yes

    • No

    Correct Answer
    A. Yes
    Explanation
    Yes, an object has the same mass on Earth as it does on the Moon. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, and it remains constant regardless of the location or gravitational field. However, the weight of an object can vary depending on the gravitational pull. On the Moon, where the gravitational pull is weaker than on Earth, the object would weigh less but its mass would remain the same.

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  • 28. 

    Rotational downslope movement of sediment and soil along a curved surface.

    • Creep

    • Rock and debris avalanches

    • Debris flows

    • Lahars

    • Slump

    Correct Answer
    A. Slump
    Explanation
    Slump refers to the rotational downslope movement of sediment and soil along a curved surface. This movement occurs when the material becomes unstable and loses its strength, causing it to slide down in a curved manner. Unlike other options like rock and debris avalanches, debris flows, and lahars, which involve different types of mass movements, slump specifically describes this particular type of movement along a curved surface.

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  • 29. 

    A mass movement in which slabs of bed rock move downslope along an inclined plane or surface is classified as a

    • Slump

    • Earth Flow

    • Debris flow

    • Rockslide

    • Rok fall

    Correct Answer
    A. Rockslide
    Explanation
    A rockslide is a type of mass movement in which slabs of bedrock move downslope along an inclined plane or surface. During a rockslide, large blocks of rock detach from a steep slope and rapidly slide or tumble downhill. This movement is typically triggered by factors such as gravity, erosion, or seismic activity. Rockslides are characterized by the sudden and rapid displacement of large rock masses, which can cause significant damage and pose a threat to human life and infrastructure.

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  • 30. 

    Alpha particle radiation is:

    • High speed electrons emitted by an unstable atomic nucleus.

    • Particles consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons emitted by and unstable atomic nucleus.

    • A single neutron emitted by an unstable atomic nucleus.

    • A high ferquency form of electromagnetic radiation emitted by an unstable atomic nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. Particles consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons emitted by and unstable atomic nucleus.
    Explanation
    Alpha particle radiation refers to particles consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons emitted by an unstable atomic nucleus. These particles are relatively large and carry a positive charge. They have a high ionizing power and can cause significant damage to biological tissues. Due to their size and charge, they have a short range and can be easily stopped by a few centimeters of air or a sheet of paper. This type of radiation is commonly emitted by certain radioactive elements such as uranium and radon.

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  • 31. 

    A chemical compound is:

    • A substance made of molecules that are composed of only one type of atom.

    • A substance formed only from covalent bonds.

    • A substance in which atoms of two or more different elements are chemically bonded.

    • A substance formed only form ionic bonds.

    • A substance that is organic in compostion.

    Correct Answer
    A. A substance in which atoms of two or more different elements are chemically bonded.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "A substance in which atoms of two or more different elements are chemically bonded." This answer accurately describes a chemical compound, which is a substance formed when atoms of different elements combine together through chemical bonds. This definition distinguishes a chemical compound from a substance made of only one type of atom (element), a substance formed only from covalent bonds, a substance formed only from ionic bonds, and a substance that is organic in composition.

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  • 32. 

    Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reaction by increasing the activation energy required for reaction to take place.

    • True

    • Fals

    Correct Answer
    A. Fals
    Explanation
    Catalysts actually decrease the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur, thereby increasing the rate of the reaction. They do this by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction with a lower activation energy. This allows more reactant molecules to have sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier and form the products. Therefore, the given statement is false.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following would NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

    • Increasing the temperature.

    • Increasing the concentrations of reactants.

    • Using a catalyst.

    • Reducing the temperature.

    Correct Answer
    A. Reducing the temperature.
    Explanation
    Reducing the temperature would not increase the rate of a chemical reaction because temperature is a factor that affects the reaction rate. Generally, increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy of the reactant molecules, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions, which in turn increases the reaction rate. However, reducing the temperature would have the opposite effect, decreasing the kinetic energy of the reactant molecules and reducing the frequency and energy of collisions, resulting in a slower reaction rate.

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  • 34. 
    Which of these is true about the relative age of the Gabbro Dike? - ProProfs

    Which of these is true about the relative age of the Gabbro Dike?

    • The same age as the Siletz River Formation and older than the River Terrace Sediments.

    • Older than the River Terrace Sediments and younger than Tyee Formation.

    • Older than the tyee formation and younger than the Siletz River formation

    • Younger than all of the geologic unicts in the diagram.

    Correct Answer
    A. Older than the River Terrace Sediments and younger than Tyee Formation.
    Explanation
    The Gabbro Dike is older than the River Terrace Sediments because it is stated that it is "older than the River Terrace Sediments." It is also younger than the Tyee Formation because it is stated that it is "younger than Tyee Formation."

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  • 35. 

    For billions of years, the planets have been in a state of motion as they orbit the Sun. Which of the following is true?force must be continuously exerted on a planet in order to keep it in motion. 

    • A force must be continuously exerted on a planet in order to keep it in motion.

    • The planets do not require a force in order to keep them in a state of motion.

    Correct Answer
    A. The planets do not require a force in order to keep them in a state of motion.
  • 36. 

    Any material that is made up of only one type of atom is classified as 

    • ​an element.

    • An isotope.

    • A molecular substance.

    • Radioactive

    • A gas.

    Correct Answer
    A. ​an element.
    Explanation
    An element is a substance that is made up of only one type of atom. This means that all the atoms in an element have the same number of protons. Isotopes, on the other hand, are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. A molecular substance is a substance made up of molecules, which can be composed of different types of atoms. Radioactive refers to the property of certain elements or isotopes to spontaneously emit radiation. A gas refers to the physical state of matter, which can be present in elements, compounds, or mixtures.

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  • 37. 

    Which of the following particles are electrically neutral? 

    • Proton

    • Electron

    • Ion

    • Neutron

    • All of these choices

    Correct Answer
    A. Neutron
    Explanation
    Neutrons are electrically neutral because they do not possess any electric charge. Unlike protons, which have a positive charge, and electrons, which have a negative charge, neutrons have no charge at all. This is due to the fact that neutrons are composed of three quarks - two down quarks and one up quark - which have charges that cancel each other out. Therefore, neutrons do not interact with electric fields and are considered electrically neutral.

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  • 38. 

    Which of these forms of radiation consists of high-speed electrons? 

    • Alpha

    • Beta

    • Gamma

    • Neutron

    Correct Answer
    A. Gamma
    Explanation
    Gamma radiation consists of high-energy photons, which are electromagnetic waves. Unlike alpha and beta radiation, which are composed of particles (helium nuclei and high-speed electrons, respectively), gamma radiation does not have mass or charge. Instead, it carries a significant amount of energy and can penetrate through materials easily. Therefore, gamma radiation is the correct answer as it consists of high-speed electrons.

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  • 39. 

    Which of these is the most penetrating form of radiation in common materials? 

    • Alpha

    • Beta

    • Gamma

    • All of the above are equal.

    Correct Answer
    A. Gamma
    Explanation
    Gamma radiation is the most penetrating form of radiation in common materials. Unlike alpha and beta radiation, which are particles, gamma radiation consists of high-energy photons. These photons have no charge or mass, allowing them to easily pass through most materials. This makes gamma radiation highly penetrating and capable of traveling long distances, making it the most dangerous form of radiation.

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  • 40. 
    What type of unconformity is this?  - ProProfs

    What type of unconformity is this? 

    • Nonconformity

    • Disconformity

    • Angular Unconformity

    Correct Answer
    A. Angular Unconformity
    Explanation
    An angular unconformity is a type of unconformity where there is a significant angular discordance between the older underlying rock layers and the younger overlying rock layers. This angular discordance is usually caused by tectonic forces that have uplifted and tilted the older rock layers, followed by erosion and deposition of younger rock layers on top. In this case, the question does not provide any specific information about the unconformity, so it is not possible to determine the type of unconformity based on the given information.

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  • 41. 

    Which of the following statements fits with the known fossil record? 

    • ​All forms of life have only existed on Earth within the last 500 million years.

    • For a majority of the Earth’s geologic history, complex multicelled organisms did not exist.

    • Complex multicelled organisms have existed during most of Earth’s geologic history.

    Correct Answer
    A. For a majority of the Earth’s geologic history, complex multicelled organisms did not exist.
  • 42. 

    You find out that your house is located in a 100-year flood zone. What does that indicate about the flood risk? 

    • ​That the area floods once every 100 years.

    • That there is a 1 in 100 chance each year that the area will flood.

    • That it has been 100 years since the last flood has occurred in that area.

    Correct Answer
    A. That there is a 1 in 100 chance each year that the area will flood.
    Explanation
    The statement "That there is a 1 in 100 chance each year that the area will flood" indicates that being located in a 100-year flood zone means that there is a 1% chance of flooding occurring in that area every year. It does not necessarily mean that a flood will occur once every 100 years or that it has been 100 years since the last flood.

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  • 43. 

    Travel very rapidly and over great distances due to low friction from a compressed cushion of trapped air underneath the mass movement.

    • Creep

    • Rock and Debris Avalanches

    • Debris flows

    • Lahars

    • Slump

    Correct Answer
    A. Rock and Debris Avalanches
    Explanation
    Rock and Debris Avalanches occur when a mass of rocks and debris rapidly travel over long distances. This is facilitated by a compressed cushion of trapped air underneath the moving mass, which reduces friction. The low friction allows the rocks and debris to travel quickly and cover great distances.

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  • 44. 

    A gram of carbon is extracted from an ancient tree stump is one-eighth as radioactive as a gram of carbon extracted from a currently living tree (1/8 of the Original quantity of C-14 remains). The half-life of C-14 is 5,760 years. How long ago did the tree die?

    • 17,280 years

    • 5,760 years

    • 720 years

    • 1,920 years

    • 11,520 years

    Correct Answer
    A. 17,280 years
    Explanation
    The half-life of C-14 is 5,760 years, which means that after 5,760 years, half of the original quantity of C-14 will remain. If a gram of carbon extracted from the ancient tree stump is one-eighth as radioactive as a gram of carbon extracted from a currently living tree, it means that only one-eighth of the original quantity of C-14 remains in the ancient tree stump. To determine how long ago the tree died, we can calculate the number of half-lives that have passed. Since one-eighth is equal to 2^(-3), we can multiply the half-life of C-14 by 3 to get the total number of years: 5,760 years x 3 = 17,280 years. Therefore, the tree died 17,280 years ago.

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  • 45. 

    What type of reactions tend to occur all by themselves without the continuous input of energy?

    • Exothermic reactions, because they increase entropy.

    • Endothermic reactions, because they increase entropy.

    • Exothermic reactions, because they decrease entropy.

    • Endothermic reactions, because they decrease entropy.

    Correct Answer
    A. Exothermic reactions, because they increase entropy.
    Explanation
    Exothermic reactions release energy in the form of heat, which allows them to occur spontaneously without the need for continuous input of energy. Additionally, these reactions tend to increase the overall entropy or disorder of the system, which further drives their spontaneity. Therefore, exothermic reactions are more likely to occur without the continuous input of energy compared to endothermic reactions.

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  • 46. 

    The nucleus of an atom contains:

    • Protons and electrons

    • Protons and neutrons

    • Protons, neutrons, and electrons

    • Only electrons

    • Only neutrons

    Correct Answer
    A. Protons and neutrons
    Explanation
    The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge. These particles are tightly packed together in the center of the atom, forming the nucleus. Electrons, on the other hand, are located in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. They have a negative charge and are much smaller and lighter than protons and neutrons. Therefore, the correct answer is that the nucleus contains protons and neutrons.

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  • 47. 

    Which of the following is NOT true about the half-life of a radioactive isotope?

    • A measure of the rate of decay for a radioactive isotope.

    • Is the time required for half of an original quantity of an isotope to decay.

    • Is not constant and may vary significantly due to environmental conditions.

    • Can be calculated at any given moment by measuring the rate of decay of a known quantity using a radiation detector.

    • The length of a half-life is different for different isotopes.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is not constant and may vary significantly due to environmental conditions.
    Explanation
    The half-life of a radioactive isotope is a measure of the rate of decay for the isotope. It is the time required for half of the original quantity of the isotope to decay. The half-life can be calculated by measuring the rate of decay of a known quantity using a radiation detector. However, the length of a half-life is different for different isotopes. Therefore, the statement that is not true about the half-life of a radioactive isotope is that it is not constant and may vary significantly due to environmental conditions.

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  • 48. 

    K-Ar (AR-40) dating is most useful for:

    • Determining the ages of organic materials in the very recent geological past (within the last 1000,000 years).

    • Determining the ages of deposition for sedimentary rocks.

    • Determining the ages of fossilized remains of plant life that are millions of years old.

    • Determining the ages of igneous and metamorphic rocks that are millions of years old.

    Correct Answer
    A. Determining the ages of igneous and metamorphic rocks that are millions of years old.
    Explanation
    K-Ar (AR-40) dating is most useful for determining the ages of igneous and metamorphic rocks that are millions of years old. This is because K-Ar dating is based on the decay of the isotope potassium-40 (K-40) into argon-40 (Ar-40) over time. Igneous and metamorphic rocks contain minerals that can incorporate K-40 during their formation. As the rock cools and solidifies, the clock starts ticking and the K-40 begins to decay into Ar-40. By measuring the ratio of K-40 to Ar-40 in the rock, scientists can calculate the age of the rock. This method is not suitable for dating organic materials or sedimentary rocks, as they do not contain the necessary minerals for K-Ar dating.

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  • 49. 

    Rapid mass movements containing large quantities of water that move as a viscous fluid.

    • Creep

    • Rock and Debris Avalanches

    • Debris flows

    • Lahars

    • Slump

    Correct Answer
    A. Debris flows
    Explanation
    Debris flows are rapid mass movements that involve large amounts of water and move as a viscous fluid. Unlike other options listed, such as creep or slumps, debris flows specifically involve the movement of debris mixed with water. This distinguishes them from other types of mass movements and makes them the correct answer in this context.

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  • Oct 04, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Feb 26, 2017
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