Chapter 30: Nuclear Physics And Radioactivity

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  • 1/73 Questions

    Which of the atomic particles has the least mass?

    • Electron
    • Proton
    • Neutron
    • Nucleon
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About This Quiz

This quiz titled 'Chapter 30: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity' assesses understanding of fundamental concepts in nuclear physics, including atomic structure, nuclear mass, and isotopic composition. It is crucial for students learning about the atomic nucleus and radioactive processes.

Chapter 30: Nuclear Physics And Radioactivity - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The mass of an atom is

    • Approximately equally divided between neutrons, protons, and electrons

    • Evenly divided between the nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud

    • Concentrated in the cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus

    • Concentrated in the nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. Concentrated in the nucleus
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus. The nucleus of an atom contains the protons and neutrons, which have much greater mass compared to the electrons. The electrons, on the other hand, have negligible mass in comparison to the protons and neutrons. Therefore, the majority of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

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  • 3. 

    The hydrogen nucleus consists of

    • A single proton

    • A single neutron

    • One proton and one neutron

    • One proton and two neutrons

    Correct Answer
    A. A single proton
    Explanation
    The hydrogen nucleus consists of a single proton. This is because hydrogen is the simplest element with atomic number 1, meaning it has one proton in its nucleus. It does not have any neutrons in its nucleus, as hydrogen-1 is the most common and stable isotope of hydrogen. Therefore, the correct answer is a single proton.

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  • 4. 

    An atom's atomic number is determined by the number of

    • Neutrons in its nucleus

    • Nucleons in its nucleus

    • Protons in its nucleus

    • Alpha particles in its nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. Protons in its nucleus
    Explanation
    An atom's atomic number is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus. The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom, which determines its identity as a specific element. Neutrons, nucleons, and alpha particles are not used to determine the atomic number of an atom.

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  • 5. 

    An atom's mass number is determined by the number of

    • Neutrons in its nucleus

    • Nucleons in its nucleus

    • Protons in its nucleus

    • Alpha particles in its nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleons in its nucleus
    Explanation
    The mass number of an atom is determined by the number of nucleons in its nucleus. Nucleons include both protons and neutrons. The protons determine the atomic number of the atom, while the neutrons contribute to the mass number. Therefore, the correct answer is nucleons in its nucleus.

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  • 6. 

    If an atom's atomic number is given by Z, its atomic mass by A, and its neutron number by N, which of the following is correct?

    • N = A + Z

    • N = Z - A

    • N = A - Z

    • None of the given answers

    Correct Answer
    A. N = A - Z
    Explanation
    The neutron number (N) of an atom is equal to the atomic mass (A) minus the atomic number (Z). This is because the atomic mass represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, while the atomic number represents the number of protons. Therefore, subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass gives the number of neutrons.

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  • 7. 

    When a neutron is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus

    • Increases by 1

    • Decreases by 1

    • Does not change

    • None of the given answers

    Correct Answer
    A. Decreases by 1
    Explanation
    When a neutron is emitted from an unstable nucleus, it means that one neutron is being lost from the nucleus. Since the atomic mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus, losing a neutron would result in a decrease in the atomic mass number by 1. Therefore, the correct answer is "decreases by 1".

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  • 8. 

    The number of protons in an atom is

    • Zero

    • Equal to the number of neutrons

    • Equal to the number of electrons

    • The same for all elements

    Correct Answer
    A. Equal to the number of electrons
    Explanation
    The number of protons in an atom is equal to the number of electrons. This is because protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge. In a neutral atom, the number of protons is balanced by the number of electrons, resulting in no overall charge. This balance between protons and electrons determines the atomic number of an element, which is unique for each element. Therefore, the number of protons in an atom is always equal to the number of electrons.

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  • 9. 

    There is a limit to the size of a stable nucleus because of

    • The limited range of the strong nuclear force

    • The weakness of the electrostatic force

    • The weakness of the gravitational force

    • None of the given answers

    Correct Answer
    A. The limited range of the strong nuclear force
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the limited range of the strong nuclear force. The strong nuclear force is responsible for holding the nucleus of an atom together. However, this force only acts over a very short range, which means that as the size of the nucleus increases, the force becomes weaker and unable to overcome the repulsive electrostatic forces between the positively charged protons. This ultimately limits the size of a stable nucleus. The electrostatic force and gravitational force are not directly related to the stability of a nucleus.

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  • 10. 

    Atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons are referred to as

    • Nucleons

    • Nuclides

    • Isotopes

    • None of the given answers

    Correct Answer
    A. Isotopes
    Explanation
    Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons (atomic number) but different numbers of neutrons. This means that isotopes have different mass numbers, which is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Isotopes have similar chemical properties but may have different physical properties due to their different mass numbers. Therefore, the correct answer is "isotopes."

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  • 11. 

    Isotopes of an element have nuclei with

    • The same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons

    • The same number of protons, and the same number of neutrons

    • A different number of protons, and a different number of neutrons

    • A different number of protons, and the same number of neutrons

    Correct Answer
    A. The same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons
    Explanation
    Isotopes of an element have nuclei with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. This means that the atomic number, which is determined by the number of protons, remains the same for all isotopes of an element. However, the mass number, which is determined by the number of protons and neutrons combined, varies among isotopes. Therefore, isotopes have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

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  • 12. 

    The atomic mass unit is defined as

    • The mass of a proton

    • The mass of an electron

    • The mass of a hydrogen-1 atom

    • One twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

    Correct Answer
    A. One twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
    Explanation
    The atomic mass unit is defined as one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. This means that the mass of one atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. This unit is used to express the relative masses of atoms and molecules. By defining it in terms of a specific isotope of carbon, it allows for consistent and accurate measurements of atomic masses.

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  • 13. 

    Compared to the masses of its separate protons and neutrons, the total mass of a stable nucleus is always

    • Less

    • The same

    • Greater

    • Zero

    Correct Answer
    A. Less
    Explanation
    The total mass of a stable nucleus is always less than the combined masses of its separate protons and neutrons because a small amount of mass is converted into energy during the formation of the nucleus. This is due to the binding energy that holds the nucleus together, as described by Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle (E=mc^2). Therefore, the mass of the nucleus is slightly less than the sum of the masses of its individual particles.

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  • 14. 

    When nucleons join to form a stable nucleus, energy is

    • Destroyed

    • Absorbed

    • Released

    • Not transferred

    Correct Answer
    A. Released
    Explanation
    When nucleons join to form a stable nucleus, energy is released. This is because the process of nucleons coming together to form a nucleus involves the strong nuclear force, which is a very powerful force of attraction. As the nucleons come closer together and overcome the repulsive electromagnetic forces between them, energy is released in the form of binding energy. This binding energy is what holds the nucleus together and is released during the formation process. Hence, the correct answer is released.

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  • 15. 

    The binding energy of a nucleus is contributed to

    • Radioactivity

    • Alpha decay

    • Too many neutrons

    • Mass defect

    Correct Answer
    A. Mass defect
    Explanation
    The correct answer is mass defect. The binding energy of a nucleus is contributed to by the mass defect, which is the difference between the mass of the individual nucleons (protons and neutrons) and the mass of the nucleus as a whole. This mass difference is converted into energy according to Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle (E=mc^2). The greater the mass defect, the greater the binding energy of the nucleus. Therefore, the mass defect plays a crucial role in determining the stability and energy release in nuclear reactions.

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  • 16. 

    The binding energy per nucleon is

    • Directly proportional to atomic number

    • Inversely proportional to atomic number

    • The same for all atoms

    • None of the given answers

    Correct Answer
    A. None of the given answers
    Explanation
    The binding energy per nucleon is the energy required to remove a nucleon from the nucleus of an atom. It is not directly proportional to atomic number because it depends on the specific arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. It is also not inversely proportional to atomic number because the binding energy per nucleon can vary even among atoms with the same atomic number. Therefore, the correct answer is "none of the given answers".

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  • 17. 

    The binding energy per nucleon

    • Increases steadily as we go to heavier elements

    • Decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements

    • Is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei

    • Has a maximum near iron in the periodic table

    Correct Answer
    A. Has a maximum near iron in the periodic table
    Explanation
    The binding energy per nucleon refers to the amount of energy required to completely separate the nucleons (protons and neutrons) in an atomic nucleus. As we move to heavier elements, the binding energy per nucleon generally increases. However, near iron in the periodic table, the binding energy per nucleon reaches a maximum value. This is because iron has a particularly stable nucleus due to its arrangement of protons and neutrons, resulting in a higher binding energy per nucleon compared to elements before and after it.

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  • 18. 

    Which of the following statements concerning the nuclear force is false?

    • The nuclear force is very short-ranged

    • The nuclear force is very weak and much smaller in relative magnitude than the electrostatic and gravitational forces

    • The nuclear force is attractive and not repulsive

    • The nuclear force acts on both protons and neutrons

    Correct Answer
    A. The nuclear force is very weak and much smaller in relative magnitude than the electrostatic and gravitational forces
    Explanation
    The nuclear force is not weak and much smaller in relative magnitude compared to the electrostatic and gravitational forces. The nuclear force is actually very strong and acts over very short distances, which makes it much stronger than both the electrostatic and gravitational forces.

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  • 19. 

    Compared to the electrostatic force, the nuclear force between adjacent protons in a nucleus is

    • Much weaker

    • About the same size

    • Only slightly larger

    • Much larger

    Correct Answer
    A. Much larger
    Explanation
    The nuclear force between adjacent protons in a nucleus is much larger compared to the electrostatic force. This is because the nuclear force is responsible for holding the protons together in the nucleus, overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons. The nuclear force is a short-range force that acts only within the nucleus, while the electrostatic force acts over longer distances. Therefore, the nuclear force is much stronger than the electrostatic force in this context.

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  • 20. 

    Alpha rays can penetrate

    • Air only

    • A piece of paper

    • Several millimeters of aluminum

    • Several centimeters of lead

    Correct Answer
    A. A piece of paper
    Explanation
    Alpha rays are made up of positively charged particles called alpha particles, which are relatively large and heavy. Due to their size and charge, alpha particles interact strongly with matter and are easily absorbed. They can be stopped by a sheet of paper because the particles collide with the atoms in the paper, losing energy and eventually coming to a stop. However, they can penetrate air because the density of air is much lower than that of a solid material like paper. Alpha rays cannot penetrate several millimeters of aluminum or several centimeters of lead because these materials are denser and have more atoms for the alpha particles to interact with, resulting in greater absorption.

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  • 21. 

    Beta rays can penetrate

    • Air only

    • A piece of paper

    • Several millimeters of aluminum

    • Several centimeters of lead

    Correct Answer
    A. Several millimeters of aluminum
    Explanation
    Beta rays are high-energy electrons or positrons that can penetrate certain materials. They have a moderate penetrating power and can pass through air and thin materials like paper easily. However, they are stopped or absorbed by denser materials like aluminum and lead. Several millimeters of aluminum is enough to block or attenuate beta rays, making it an effective shield against them.

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  • 22. 

    Gamma rays can penetrate

    • Air only

    • A piece of paper

    • Several millimeters of aluminum

    • Several centimeters of lead

    Correct Answer
    A. Several centimeters of lead
    Explanation
    Gamma rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with high energy and short wavelength. They have the ability to penetrate various materials due to their high energy. While they can easily pass through air and a piece of paper, they require thicker barriers to be absorbed or stopped. Several centimeters of lead, being a dense material, is capable of effectively blocking gamma rays. Therefore, it is the correct answer as it provides a sufficient barrier for gamma ray absorption.

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  • 23. 

    An α particle is also known as

    • An electron

    • A positron

    • Helium nucleus

    • A photon

    Correct Answer
    A. Helium nucleus
    Explanation
    An α particle is commonly known as a helium nucleus. It consists of two protons and two neutrons, making it identical to the nucleus of a helium atom. It is called an α particle because it is emitted during certain types of radioactive decay, such as alpha decay. It has a positive charge and is relatively large compared to other subatomic particles like electrons or photons.

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  • 24. 

    A ß- particle is also known as

    • An electron

    • A positron

    • A helium nucleus

    • A photon

    Correct Answer
    A. An electron
    Explanation
    An α-particle is not an electron, positron, helium nucleus, or a photon. An α-particle is actually a helium nucleus, consisting of two protons and two neutrons. Therefore, the correct answer is "a helium nucleus".

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  • 25. 

    A ß+ particle is also known as

    • An electron

    • A positron

    • A helium nucleus

    • A photon

    Correct Answer
    A. A positron
    Explanation
    A ß+ particle is also known as a positron. This is because a positron is a subatomic particle with the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge. It is the antimatter counterpart of an electron, meaning that it has the opposite charge. When a positron collides with an electron, they annihilate each other, releasing energy in the form of gamma rays. Positrons are commonly used in medical imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) scans.

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  • 26. 

    A gamma ray is also known as

    • An electron

    • A positron

    • A helium nucleus

    • A photon

    Correct Answer
    A. A photon
    Explanation
    A gamma ray is a high-energy electromagnetic radiation that is often emitted during radioactive decay or nuclear reactions. It is not an electron, positron, or a helium nucleus, which are all particles with mass. Instead, a gamma ray is a type of photon, which is a particle of light that has no mass.

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  • 27. 

    A γ-ray is also known as

    • An electron

    • A positron

    • A helium nucleus

    • A photon

    Correct Answer
    A. A photon
    Explanation
    A γ-ray is a high-energy electromagnetic wave, similar to X-rays and light, but with much higher energy. It is produced during radioactive decay or nuclear reactions. Since it is an electromagnetic wave, it is composed of photons. Therefore, the correct answer is "a photon."

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  • 28. 

    An alpha particle will be attracted to a

    • Gamma ray

    • Proton

    • Positive charge

    • Negative charge

    Correct Answer
    A. Negative charge
    Explanation
    An alpha particle is a positively charged particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons. According to the principles of electrostatics, opposite charges attract each other. Therefore, an alpha particle, being positively charged, will be attracted to a negative charge.

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  • 29. 

    When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus

    • Increases by 2

    • Decreases by 2

    • Increases by 4

    • Decreases by 4

    Correct Answer
    A. Decreases by 4
    Explanation
    When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, it consists of two protons and two neutrons. Since the alpha particle is being emitted, it means that the nucleus is losing these two protons and two neutrons. As a result, the atomic mass number of the nucleus decreases by 4 because the mass of the alpha particle is subtracted from the original nucleus.

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  • 30. 

    Alpha particles have an atomic mass equal to

    • 1

    • 2

    • 4

    • 6

    Correct Answer
    A. 4
    Explanation
    Alpha particles have an atomic mass equal to 4. Alpha particles are made up of two protons and two neutrons, giving them a total of four atomic mass units. This makes them heavier than a single proton or neutron, which have an atomic mass of 1. Alpha particles are commonly emitted during radioactive decay processes, such as in the decay of uranium or radon.

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  • 31. 

    When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

    • Increases by 2

    • Decreases by 2

    • Increases by 4

    • Decreases by

    Correct Answer
    A. Decreases by 2
    Explanation
    When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, it consists of two protons and two neutrons. Since the alpha particle is being emitted, it means that the nucleus is losing these particles. As protons determine the atomic number of an element, losing two protons means that the atomic number decreases by 2. Therefore, the correct answer is "decreases by 2".

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  • 32. 

    The expression (MX - MY - Ma) x 931.5 represents

    • The binding energy of the nucleus X

    • The binding energy of the nucleus Y

    • The energy released when nucleus X undergoes alpha decay

    • The energy released when nucleus Y undergoes alpha decay

    Correct Answer
    A. The energy released when nucleus X undergoes alpha decay
    Explanation
    The expression (MX - MY - Ma) x 931.5 represents the energy released when nucleus X undergoes alpha decay. This can be inferred from the fact that the expression involves the difference between the masses of nucleus X (MX) and nucleus Y (MY), subtracted by the mass of the alpha particle (Ma), multiplied by a constant factor (931.5 MeV/c^2). This expression is commonly used in nuclear physics to calculate the energy released during radioactive decay processes, such as alpha decay.

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  • 33. 

    In beta decay

    • A proton is emitted

    • A neutron is emitted

    • An electron is emitted

    • An electron decays into another particle

    Correct Answer
    A. An electron is emitted
    Explanation
    In beta decay, an electron is emitted. This process occurs when a neutron in the nucleus of an atom transforms into a proton, and in order to maintain charge balance, an electron is emitted. This electron is known as a beta particle and carries a negative charge. Beta decay is a type of radioactive decay and is commonly observed in isotopes with an excess of neutrons.

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  • 34. 

    During ß+ decay

    • A neutron is transformed to a proton

    • A proton is transformed to a neutron

    • A neutron is ejected from the nucleus

    • A proton is ejected from the nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. A proton is transformed to a neutron
    Explanation
    During β+ decay, a proton is transformed into a neutron. This occurs when a proton in the nucleus undergoes a transformation, resulting in the emission of a positron and a neutrino. The proton is converted into a neutron, which increases the number of neutrons in the nucleus while decreasing the number of protons. This process helps to stabilize the nucleus by balancing the number of protons and neutrons.

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  • 35. 

    During ß- decay

    • A neutron is transformed to a proton

    • A proton is transformed to a neutron

    • A neutron is ejected from the nucleus

    • A proton is ejected from the nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. A neutron is transformed to a proton
    Explanation
    During β- decay, a neutron is transformed into a proton. This process occurs when a neutron in the nucleus of an atom decays into a proton, releasing an electron and an antineutrino. This decay is accompanied by the conversion of one of the down quarks within the neutron into an up quark, resulting in a change in charge from zero (neutron) to +1 (proton). This transformation is a fundamental process in nuclear physics and is responsible for the stability of atomic nuclei.

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  • 36. 

    When a ß+ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

    • Increases by 1

    • Decreases by 1

    • Does not change

    • None of the given answers

    Correct Answer
    A. Decreases by 1
    Explanation
    When a ß+ particle (also known as a positron) is emitted from an unstable nucleus, it means that a proton is being converted into a neutron. Since a proton has an atomic number of 1 and a neutron has an atomic number of 0, the atomic number of the nucleus decreases by 1 when a ß+ particle is emitted.

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  • 37. 

    When a ß- particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

    • Increases by 1

    • Decreases by 1

    • Does not change

    • None of the given answers

    Correct Answer
    A. Increases by 1
    Explanation
    When a β-particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, it is actually an electron that is being emitted. The emission of a β-particle results in the conversion of a neutron into a proton. Since the number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, the atomic number of the nucleus increases by 1 when a β-particle is emitted.

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  • 38. 

    When a ß- particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus

    • Increases by 1

    • Decreases by 1

    • Does not change

    • None of the given answers

    Correct Answer
    A. Does not change
    Explanation
    When a β-particle (symbolized by ß) is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus does not change. This is because a β-particle is an electron or a positron, which has negligible mass compared to the nucleus. The emission of a β-particle only affects the atomic number of the nucleus, as it changes the number of protons, but not the number of neutrons. Therefore, the correct answer is that the atomic mass number of the nucleus does not change.

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  • 39. 

    The existence of the neutrino was postulated in order to explain

    • Alpha decay

    • Gamma emission

    • Beta decay

    • Fission

    Correct Answer
    A. Beta decay
    Explanation
    The existence of the neutrino was postulated in order to explain beta decay. Beta decay is a radioactive decay process in which a nucleus emits a beta particle (either an electron or a positron) and transforms into a different element. However, according to the law of conservation of energy and momentum, the energy and momentum of the emitted beta particle did not add up in experiments. To resolve this discrepancy, Wolfgang Pauli proposed the existence of a neutral and nearly massless particle, which he called the neutrino. The neutrino carries away the missing energy and momentum in beta decay, making the conservation laws valid.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following is most nearly the same as a gamma ray?

    • An alpha particle

    • A beta ray

    • Visible light

    • A proton

    • A neutron

    Correct Answer
    A. Visible light
    Explanation
    Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation with high energy and short wavelength. Visible light is also a type of electromagnetic radiation, but with lower energy and longer wavelength compared to gamma rays. Both gamma rays and visible light are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, but they differ in terms of energy and wavelength. Therefore, visible light is the option that is most nearly the same as a gamma ray.

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  • 41. 

    When a gamma ray is emitted from an unstable nucleus,

    • The number of neutrons and the number of protons drop by two

    • The number of neutrons drops by one and the number of protons increases by one

    • There is no change in either the number of neutrons or the number of protons

    • None of the given answers

    Correct Answer
    A. There is no change in either the number of neutrons or the number of protons
    Explanation
    When a gamma ray is emitted from an unstable nucleus, there is no change in either the number of neutrons or the number of protons. Gamma rays are high-energy photons that are emitted during a nuclear decay process. Unlike alpha and beta particles, gamma rays do not carry any charge or mass, so they do not affect the number of neutrons or protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of neutrons and protons remains the same before and after the emission of a gamma ray.

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  • 42. 

    Which particle has the most mass?

    • Alpha

    • Beta

    • Electron

    • Gamma

    Correct Answer
    A. Alpha
    Explanation
    The alpha particle has the most mass compared to the other particles listed (beta, electron, and gamma). An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons, which gives it a mass of approximately four atomic mass units (AMU). In comparison, a beta particle (an electron or a positron) has a mass of only about 1/1836 AMU, and an electron and gamma particle have negligible mass. Therefore, the alpha particle has the most mass among these options.

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  • 43. 

    In all three types of radioactive decay, what value is conserved in addition to electric charge, energy, and momentum?

    • Atomic number

    • Neutron number

    • Nucleon number

    • None of the given answers

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleon number
    Explanation
    The nucleon number is conserved in addition to electric charge, energy, and momentum in all three types of radioactive decay. The nucleon number refers to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. During radioactive decay, the nucleus may undergo changes, but the total number of nucleons remains the same. This conservation of nucleon number helps to maintain the overall stability and balance within the nucleus.

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  • 44. 

    What happens to the half-life of a radioactive substance as it decays?

    • It remains constant

    • It increases

    • It decreases

    • It could do any of these

    Correct Answer
    A. It remains constant
    Explanation
    The half-life of a radioactive substance refers to the time it takes for half of the substance to decay. As the substance continues to decay, the amount of radioactive material decreases, but the half-life remains constant. This means that regardless of how much of the substance is left, it will always take the same amount of time for half of it to decay. Therefore, the correct answer is that the half-life of a radioactive substance remains constant.

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  • 45. 

    In radioactive dating, carbon-14 is often used. This nucleus emits a single beta particle when it decays. When this happens, the resulting nucleus is

    • Still carbon-14

    • Boron-14

    • Nitrogen-14

    • Carbon-15

    • Carbon-13

    Correct Answer
    A. Nitrogen-14
    Explanation
    When carbon-14 decays, it emits a beta particle, which is essentially an electron. This results in the transformation of a neutron into a proton within the carbon-14 nucleus. As a result, the resulting nucleus has one more proton and one less neutron than carbon-14. Since nitrogen-14 has one more proton and one less neutron than carbon-14, it is the correct answer.

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  • 46. 

    The type of detector that uses a magnetic field to curve charged particles is a

    • Geiger tube

    • Scintillation counter

    • Cloud chamber

    • Bubble chamber

    • Spark chamber

    Correct Answer
    A. Bubble chamber
    Explanation
    A bubble chamber is a type of detector that uses a magnetic field to curve charged particles. As charged particles pass through the chamber, they ionize the liquid inside, creating a trail of bubbles. The magnetic field causes the charged particles to curve, and the resulting bubble tracks can be photographed and analyzed to determine the properties of the particles. This makes the bubble chamber a valuable tool in particle physics research.

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  • 47. 

    The type of detector that uses liquid hydrogen is a

    • Geiger tube

    • Scintillation counter

    • Cloud chamber

    • Bubble chamber

    • Spark chamber

    Correct Answer
    A. Bubble chamber
    Explanation
    A bubble chamber is a type of detector that uses liquid hydrogen. It is a device used in particle physics to observe the tracks of electrically charged particles. When a charged particle passes through the liquid hydrogen, it ionizes the atoms and creates a trail of bubbles. These bubbles can be photographed and analyzed to study the properties and behavior of the particles. Other detectors mentioned, such as Geiger tubes, scintillation counters, cloud chambers, and spark chambers, have different principles of operation and do not use liquid hydrogen.

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  • 48. 

    Cloud chambers have been replaced by bubble chambers because

    • The radioactive clouds were too dangerous to work with

    • The density of fluids is greater than the density of vapors

    • Bubble chambers tend to be larger and more expensive

    • Gamma rays are visible in bubble chambers, but not in cloud chambers

    Correct Answer
    A. The density of fluids is greater than the density of vapors
    Explanation
    Cloud chambers have been replaced by bubble chambers because the density of fluids is greater than the density of vapors. This means that bubble chambers can detect and track particles more effectively than cloud chambers. The higher density of fluids allows for better visualization and measurement of particle tracks, making bubble chambers a more suitable choice for particle physics experiments.

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  • 49. 

    An element with atomic mass number of 14 and atomic number 6 has how many protons?

    • 6

    • 8

    • 14

    • 20

    Correct Answer
    A. 6
    Explanation
    The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. In this question, the element has an atomic number of 6, which means it has 6 protons. Therefore, the correct answer is 6.

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  • Current Version
  • May 29, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Oct 16, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Drtaylor

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