Chapter 30: Nuclear Physics And Radioactivity
- 1.Which of the atomic particles has the least mass?
- A.
Electron
- B.
Proton
- C.
Neutron
- D.
Nucleon
- 2.The mass of an atom is
- A.
Approximately equally divided between neutrons, protons, and electrons
- B.
Evenly divided between the nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud
- C.
Concentrated in the cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus
- D.
Concentrated in the nucleus
- 3.The hydrogen nucleus consists of
- A.
A single proton
- B.
A single neutron
- C.
One proton and one neutron
- D.
One proton and two neutrons
- 4.An atom's atomic number is determined by the number of
- A.
Neutrons in its nucleus
- B.
Nucleons in its nucleus
- C.
Protons in its nucleus
- D.
Alpha particles in its nucleus
- 5.An atom's mass number is determined by the number of
- A.
Neutrons in its nucleus
- B.
Nucleons in its nucleus
- C.
Protons in its nucleus
- D.
Alpha particles in its nucleus
- 6.If an atom's atomic number is given by Z, its atomic mass by A, and its neutron number by N, which of the following is correct?
- A.
N = A + Z
- B.
N = Z - A
- C.
N = A - Z
- D.
None of the given answers
- 7.When a neutron is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus
- A.
Increases by 1
- B.
Decreases by 1
- C.
Does not change
- D.
None of the given answers
- 8.The number of protons in an atom is
- A.
Zero
- B.
Equal to the number of neutrons
- C.
Equal to the number of electrons
- D.
The same for all elements
- 9.There is a limit to the size of a stable nucleus because of
- A.
The limited range of the strong nuclear force
- B.
The weakness of the electrostatic force
- C.
The weakness of the gravitational force
- D.
None of the given answers
- 10.Atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons are referred to as
- A.
Nucleons
- B.
Nuclides
- C.
Isotopes
- D.
None of the given answers
- 11.Isotopes of an element have nuclei with
- A.
The same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons
- B.
The same number of protons, and the same number of neutrons
- C.
A different number of protons, and a different number of neutrons
- D.
A different number of protons, and the same number of neutrons
- 12.The atomic mass unit is defined as
- A.
The mass of a proton
- B.
The mass of an electron
- C.
The mass of a hydrogen-1 atom
- D.
One twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
- 13.Compared to the masses of its separate protons and neutrons, the total mass of a stable nucleus is always
- A.
Less
- B.
The same
- C.
Greater
- D.
Zero
- 14.When nucleons join to form a stable nucleus, energy is
- A.
Destroyed
- B.
Absorbed
- C.
Released
- D.
Not transferred
- 15.The binding energy of a nucleus is contributed to
- A.
Radioactivity
- B.
Alpha decay
- C.
Too many neutrons
- D.
Mass defect
- 16.The binding energy per nucleon is
- A.
Directly proportional to atomic number
- B.
Inversely proportional to atomic number
- C.
The same for all atoms
- D.
None of the given answers
- 17.The binding energy per nucleon
- A.
Increases steadily as we go to heavier elements
- B.
Decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements
- C.
Is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei
- D.
Has a maximum near iron in the periodic table
- 18.Which of the following statements concerning the nuclear force is false?
- A.
The nuclear force is very short-ranged
- B.
The nuclear force is very weak and much smaller in relative magnitude than the electrostatic and gravitational forces
- C.
The nuclear force is attractive and not repulsive
- D.
The nuclear force acts on both protons and neutrons
- 19.Compared to the electrostatic force, the nuclear force between adjacent protons in a nucleus is
- A.
Much weaker
- B.
About the same size
- C.
Only slightly larger
- D.
Much larger
- 20.Alpha rays can penetrate
- A.
Air only
- B.
A piece of paper
- C.
Several millimeters of aluminum
- D.
Several centimeters of lead
- 21.Beta rays can penetrate
- A.
Air only
- B.
A piece of paper
- C.
Several millimeters of aluminum
- D.
Several centimeters of lead
- 22.Gamma rays can penetrate
- A.
Air only
- B.
A piece of paper
- C.
Several millimeters of aluminum
- D.
Several centimeters of lead
- 23.An α particle is also known as
- A.
An electron
- B.
A positron
- C.
Helium nucleus
- D.
A photon
- 24.A ß- particle is also known as
- A.
An electron
- B.
A positron
- C.
A helium nucleus
- D.
A photon
- 25.A ß+ particle is also known as
- A.
An electron
- B.
A positron
- C.
A helium nucleus
- D.
A photon