Biology: Take The Human Anatomy Quiz Questions!

The correct answer is hinge because a hinge joint allows movement in only one plane, like a door hinge. The humerus, radius, and ulna meet at the elbow to form a hinge joint, which allows flexion and extension of the forearm. This type of joint restricts movement to one axis, providing stability and support to the elbow joint.

Vasoconstriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels. When blood vessels narrow, it reduces the diameter of the vessels, leading to a decrease in blood flow. This can occur in response to various stimuli such as cold temperatures, stress, or certain hormones. Vasoconstriction helps regulate blood pressure by increasing resistance to blood flow, which can be beneficial in certain situations, such as preventing excessive bleeding. However, prolonged or excessive vasoconstriction can lead to hypertension and decreased blood supply to tissues.

The pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs. This artery is responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. Once the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins.

Marathon running would burn fats in the presence of oxygen because it is an aerobic activity that requires sustained effort over a long period of time. During marathon running, the body relies on oxygen to produce energy, and as a result, it primarily burns stored fats for fuel. This type of endurance exercise helps to improve cardiovascular fitness and promote fat loss.

The cervical spine is the section of the spine that consists of 7 vertebral bones. This section is located in the neck region and is responsible for providing support and flexibility to the head and neck. The other sections of the spine, such as the lumbar spine, thoracic spine, and coccygeal spine, have different numbers of vertebral bones and are located in different regions of the spine.

The quadriceps muscle crosses the anterior of the knee joint. This muscle is located on the front of the thigh and is responsible for extending the leg at the knee joint. When the quadriceps contracts, it straightens the knee joint, allowing for movements such as walking, running, and jumping. Therefore, the quadriceps is the correct answer as it is the muscle that crosses the anterior of the knee joint.

The obliques are a group of muscles located on the sides of the abdomen. When they contract concentrically, they cause the spine to laterally flex, or bend sideways. This movement is important for activities such as bending to the side or twisting the torso. The other muscles listed (vastus lateralis, hamstrings, and iliopsoas) are not primarily responsible for lateral flexion of the spine.

The spine is capable of lateral flexion. This means that it can bend sideways, allowing the torso to tilt to the left or right. The spine is made up of a series of vertebrae that are connected by joints, called facet joints. These joints allow for movement in different directions, including lateral flexion. This movement is important for activities such as bending to the side, reaching for objects, and twisting the torso. The other options, the knee, pelvis, and shoulder girdle, do not have the same capability for lateral flexion as the spine.

The spine is able to rotate because it is made up of a series of small bones called vertebrae that are connected by flexible joints. These joints allow for movement in multiple directions, including rotation. This allows the spine to twist and turn, enabling us to perform various movements such as twisting our torso or looking over our shoulder.

The quadriceps muscle is the agonist that contracts concentrically during knee extension. When the quadriceps muscle contracts, it causes the knee joint to straighten or extend. This muscle group consists of four muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles work together to generate the force necessary for knee extension and are responsible for movements such as walking, running, and jumping.

When the medial deltoids contract eccentrically, they are responsible for controlling the movement of the arm away from the midline of the body. This movement is known as adduction. Therefore, when the medial deltoids contract eccentrically, the joint action that occurs is adduction.

The components of motor fitness that are enhanced by exercise include reaction time and power. Reaction time refers to the ability to respond quickly to a stimulus, and power refers to the ability to generate force quickly. Exercise can improve both of these components by increasing neural pathways and muscle strength, allowing for faster and more powerful movements.

The lactate system uses glycogen without oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for higher intensity activities. During intense exercise, the body's demand for ATP exceeds the rate at which oxygen can be delivered to the muscles. In this anaerobic environment, glycogen is broken down into glucose, which is then converted into ATP through a process called glycolysis. Lactate is produced as a byproduct of this process. While lactate is often associated with fatigue and muscle soreness, it can be used as a quick source of energy during high-intensity exercise.

When the biceps contract eccentrically, it means that the muscle is lengthening while still under tension. This action is responsible for controlling the movement of the arm as it extends at the elbow joint. Therefore, the correct joint action that occurs when the biceps contract eccentrically is elbow extension.

When the erector spinae muscles contract eccentrically, it means that they are lengthening while still being active. This action is commonly associated with controlling the movement of the spine during certain exercises or movements. Flexion refers to the forward bending of the spine, which is the joint action that occurs when the erector spinae muscles contract eccentrically. Therefore, flexion is the correct answer in this case.

The correct answer is Erector spinae. The erector spinae muscle group is located posterior to the spine. It runs along the vertebral column and helps to maintain proper posture and support the spine. The rectus abdominis muscle is located anteriorly, in the front of the body, and is responsible for flexing the trunk. Therefore, it is not located posterior to the spine.

The humerus, radius, and ulna are bones that form part of the axial skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the bones of the head and trunk, which provide support and protection for the vital organs. The humerus is the bone of the upper arm, while the radius and ulna are the bones of the forearm. These bones contribute to the structure and stability of the axial skeleton, allowing for movement and providing attachment points for muscles.