Atoms, Elements, And The Periodic Table
Did you know that Francium is the most rare element on the earth’s surface? The periodic table gives the learner a way of knowing the various elements in existence and their characteristics. Take up this easy test and see if you understood the unit on atoms and elements perfectly. Good luck!
- 1.
What does the nucleus of an atom consist of? Choose the best 2 answers.
- A.
Electrons
- B.
Neutrons
- C.
Protons
- D.
Photons
Correct Answer(s)
B. Neutrons
C. ProtonsExplanation
The nucleus of an atoms contains protons and neutrons. Electrons are always found outside of the nucleus. A photon is a small particle of light.Rate this question:
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- 2.
An electron has a __________ charge.
- A.
Negative
- B.
Neutral
- C.
Constantly changing
- D.
Positive
Correct Answer
A. NegativeExplanation
An electron always has a negative charge.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which two gasses below are characterized as noble gasses on the Periodic Table?
- A.
Argon
- B.
Xenon
- C.
Oxygen
- D.
Nitrogen
Correct Answer(s)
A. Argon
B. XenonExplanation
Argon and Xenon are both characterized as noble gasses. Oxygen and nitrogen can both be gasses, but are not characterized as noble gasses.Rate this question:
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- 4.
How is a stable hydrogen atom different from every other atom? Choose the best answer.
- A.
It has no protons.
- B.
It's electrons spin in the opposite direction.
- C.
It has an uneven ratio of protons to electrons.
- D.
It does not need a neutron.
Correct Answer
D. It does not need a neutron.Explanation
A hydrogen atoms does not need a neutron in it's stable form. All other atoms need the same number of protons and neutrons to be stable.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which two of the following scientists proposed theories about atoms?
- A.
Ernest Rutherford
- B.
Francis Crick
- C.
Charles Darwin
- D.
Niels Bohr
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ernest Rutherford
D. Niels BohrExplanation
Francis Crick helped to show that DNA had a double helix structure, and Charles Darwin proposed theories of evolution.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is an element? Choose the best answer.
- A.
Any substance containing multiple atoms of any type
- B.
Any substance that readily reacts with another substance
- C.
A substance consisting of only one type of atom
- D.
A substance consisting of more than 2 types of atoms
Correct Answer
C. A substance consisting of only one type of atomExplanation
For something to be called an "element", it can only contain one type of atom.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What are the only two elements in the first period of the Periodic Table?
- A.
Hydrogen
- B.
Lithium
- C.
Helium
- D.
Carbon
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hydrogen
C. HeliumExplanation
The first period of the Periodic Table consists of only two elements, hydrogen and helium. Hydrogen is the first element and has an atomic number of 1. It is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. Helium is the second element in the first period and has an atomic number of 2. It is a noble gas and is known for its low density and low reactivity. These two elements are the only ones present in the first period of the Periodic Table.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is the atomic number of an atom? Choose the best response.
- A.
The number of electrons it contains
- B.
The number of protons it contains
- C.
The row of the Periodic Table to which it belongs
- D.
The number of naturally occurring isotopes it has
Correct Answer
B. The number of protons it containsExplanation
The atomic number of an atom refers to the number of protons it contains. Protons are subatomic particles with a positive charge that are found in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number determines the identity of the element, as each element has a unique number of protons. Therefore, the best response is "the number of protons it contains."Rate this question:
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- 9.
How would you best describe two atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons, but differing amounts of neutrons?
- A.
Isotopes
- B.
Neutron imbalanced
- C.
Ions
- D.
Isomers
Correct Answer
A. IsotopesExplanation
Isotopes are best described as two atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons but differing amounts of neutrons. Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number but different atomic masses. This is because the number of neutrons in the nucleus varies between isotopes, while the number of protons and electrons remains the same.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following contains more than one type of atom? Choose the best answers.
- A.
Four oxygen atoms
- B.
A compound
- C.
A human being
- D.
An element
Correct Answer(s)
B. A compound
C. A human beingExplanation
A compound contains more than one type of atom because it is formed when two or more different elements chemically combine. In the case of a human being, it is made up of various elements such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, among others. Therefore, both a compound and a human being contain more than one type of atom.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What three pieces of information are given one each square of a typical Periodic Table?
- A.
Atomic symbol
- B.
Atomic number
- C.
Atomic charge
- D.
Atomic weight
Correct Answer(s)
A. Atomic symbol
B. Atomic number
D. Atomic weightExplanation
The three pieces of information given in each square of a typical Periodic Table are the atomic symbol, which represents the chemical element, the atomic number, which indicates the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom, and the atomic weight, which represents the average mass of the atom. The atomic charge is not typically provided in the Periodic Table as it can vary depending on the specific ion or isotope of the element.Rate this question:
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- 12.
How would you best define valence electrons?
- A.
The electrons in the outer energy level of an atom
- B.
Electrons that are able to become protons
- C.
The electrons closest to the nucleus
- D.
Electrons that are not vital to the atom's integrity
Correct Answer
A. The electrons in the outer energy level of an atomExplanation
Valence electrons are located in the outer energy level of the atoms. These are the electrons that are involved in bonding.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What terms describes an atoms that has gained or lost an electron?
- A.
An element
- B.
An isotope
- C.
An ionic bond
- D.
An ion
Correct Answer
D. An ionExplanation
An ion is a term used to describe an atom that has gained or lost an electron. When an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged and is called a negative ion or an anion. On the other hand, when an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged and is called a positive ion or a cation. Ions play a crucial role in chemical reactions and the formation of compounds.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Choose the two responses that best describe an atom.
- A.
Atoms are the small building blocks of all matter.
- B.
Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- C.
Atoms are made of smaller substances called sub-atoms.
- D.
Atoms can only be found in living things.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Atoms are the small building blocks of all matter.
B. Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons.Explanation
Atoms are the smallest building blocks of all matter. Atoms are found in everything in our solar system including non-living things.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? Choose the best response.
- A.
Covalent bonds can occur in nature. Ionic bonds can only be artificially created.
- B.
In covalent bonds, electrons are shared between atoms. In ionic bonds, protons are shared between atoms.
- C.
In covalent bonds, electrons are transferred from one atom to another. In ionic bonds, electrons are shared between atoms.
- D.
In covalent bonds, electrons are shared between atoms. In ionic bonds, electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Correct Answer
D. In covalent bonds, electrons are shared between atoms. In ionic bonds, electrons are transferred from one atom to another.Explanation
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. This means that in covalent bonds, the electrons are shared, while in ionic bonds, the electrons are transferred. This is the key difference between the two types of bonds.Rate this question:
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- 16.
In a stable atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
In a stable atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. This is because protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge. The positive charge of the protons is balanced by the negative charge of the electrons, resulting in a neutral atom. If the number of protons and electrons were not equal, the atom would have a net charge and would be considered an ion, rather than a stable atom. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Column 18 of the Periodic Table, the noble gasses, contains the most reactive of all the atoms.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The noble gasses are the last reactive of all the atoms of the Periodic Table.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Two atoms covalently bonded together are more stable than individual atoms.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When two atoms form a covalent bond, they share electrons, which results in a more stable configuration. This stability is achieved because the shared electrons help to fill the outermost electron shells of both atoms, satisfying the octet rule. By sharing electrons, the atoms achieve a lower energy state and become more stable compared to when they were individual atoms. Therefore, the statement that two atoms covalently bonded together are more stable than individual atoms is true.Rate this question:
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- 19.
At atom that loses an electron has a positive charge.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged because it now has more protons than electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, while electrons carry a negative charge. Therefore, the atom's positive charge is equal to the number of protons minus the number of electrons. This is known as a cation, which is a positively charged ion.Rate this question:
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- 20.
In the Periodic Table, horizontal rows are called groups and vertical columns are called periods.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Horizontal rows are called periods and vertical columns are called groups.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Electrons are found both inside and outside the nucleus of the atom.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Electrons are actually found only outside the nucleus of an atom. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons occupy the electron shells or energy levels surrounding the nucleus. These negatively charged particles are attracted to the positively charged protons in the nucleus, creating a stable atomic structure. Therefore, the statement that electrons are found both inside and outside the nucleus is false.Rate this question:
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- 22.
A compound is a substance made up of different types of elements.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A compound is indeed a substance formed by the combination of two or more different types of elements. These elements are chemically bonded together in specific ratios, creating a new substance with unique properties. Examples of compounds include water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are composed of hydrogen and oxygen, and carbon and oxygen, respectively. Therefore, the statement "A compound is a substance made up of different types of elements" is true.Rate this question:
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