Biomedical Science Practice Paper Test!

The tongue is the primary organ for taste because it contains taste buds, which are responsible for detecting different flavors. Taste buds are located on the surface of the tongue and can detect various tastes such as sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. The tongue also helps in the process of chewing and swallowing food, further enhancing the experience of taste.

DNA is a double-stranded molecule that carries the genetic information necessary for the development and functioning of all living organisms. It contains the instructions for building and maintaining an organism's proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells. Therefore, the statement that DNA determines the inherited structure of a cell's proteins is true.

The nervous system is responsible for receiving and interpreting stimuli from the environment and transmitting impulses to organs in the body. It consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. This system plays a crucial role in coordinating and controlling the body's functions, including movement, sensation, and response to stimuli. The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood and nutrients throughout the body, the skeletal system provides support and protection for the body, and the muscular system allows for movement. However, none of these systems are specifically involved in receiving and interpreting stimuli and transmitting impulses to organs like the nervous system.

A neuron is indeed a nerve cell and is considered the fundamental unit of the nervous system. Neurons are responsible for transmitting information throughout the body, allowing for communication between different parts of the body and the brain. They are specialized cells that have the ability to receive, process, and transmit electrical and chemical signals. Therefore, the statement "A neuron is a nerve cell; the fundamental unit of the nervous system" is true.

Exposure to loud sound can cause damage to the delicate structures in the inner ear, leading to hearing loss or impairment. This condition is commonly known as noise-induced hearing loss. It can occur gradually over time or suddenly from a single extremely loud noise. The excessive noise damages the hair cells in the inner ear, which are responsible for transmitting sound signals to the brain. Therefore, the statement is true.

The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina, located at the back of the eye, to the brain. It carries electrical impulses that represent the images we see, allowing the brain to process and interpret them. The optic nerve is a crucial component of the visual system, as it plays a vital role in our ability to perceive and understand the world around us.

The correct answer is Central Nervous System. The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. It is responsible for receiving and processing information from the body and coordinating the body's responses. The brain controls thoughts, emotions, and voluntary movements, while the spinal cord relays messages between the brain and the rest of the body. The central nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating and maintaining bodily functions.

A chromosome is a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells. It carries genetic information in the form of genes. Chromosomes are responsible for passing on traits from one generation to the next through the process of cell division. Mutations can occur in chromosomes, leading to changes in the genetic information they carry. Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes that determine specific traits. Dominant traits are those that are expressed when present in an organism's genetic makeup.

A mutation refers to a rare change in the DNA sequence of a gene. This change can alter the structure or function of the gene, which can lead to the expression of a different trait or characteristic. Mutations can be caused by various factors such as errors during DNA replication, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, or even as a result of spontaneous changes in the DNA sequence. Mutations can be dominant or recessive, meaning they can either be expressed in the presence of a single copy or require two copies for expression.

A gene is a unit of heredity that is passed down from parents to their offspring. It carries the instructions for building and maintaining an organism, and determines certain characteristics of the offspring, such as eye color or height. Genes are located on chromosomes, which are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells. Mutations can occur in genes, leading to changes in the characteristics they control. Recessive traits are traits that are only expressed when an individual inherits two copies of the gene for that trait, one from each parent.

The brain stem is the part of the brain that connects the spinal cord with the forebrain and the cerebrum. It is responsible for controlling basic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also plays a role in relaying sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body. The brain stem consists of three main regions: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain. Each region has specific functions and together they form a vital part of the central nervous system.

The small circular area in the retina where the optic nerve enters the eye is known as the blind spot. This area is insensitive to light because it lacks photoreceptor cells, specifically rods and cones. The blind spot is the point in the visual field where light stimuli cannot be detected. It is caused by the absence of photoreceptor cells in the area where the optic nerve connects to the retina.

The correct answer is the cerebellum. The cerebellum is a large projecting part of the brain that is responsible for coordination. It is located between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum. The cerebellum helps to regulate movement, balance, and coordination by receiving input from the sensory systems and integrating it with motor signals from the cerebral cortex.

Bitter taste is the most easily detected among the given options. This is because bitter taste receptors are highly sensitive and can detect even small amounts of bitterness. This sensitivity is an evolutionary adaptation to help humans avoid potentially harmful substances, as many toxic compounds taste bitter. Additionally, bitter taste receptors are located at the back of the tongue, which allows for quick detection and avoidance of bitter substances.

The cerebrum is responsible for memory, learning, and emotions. It is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres. The outer layer of the cerebrum, called the cerebral cortex, plays a crucial role in higher cognitive functions such as memory formation, learning, and emotional processing. It is also involved in sensory perception, motor control, and language. The cerebrum is responsible for the integration and interpretation of information from various parts of the brain, allowing for complex cognitive processes and emotional experiences.