Time Period V Graded Summative Assessment (100 Points)

France is the correct answer because during the American Revolutionary War, France provided significant financial and military support to the American colonies in their fight against the English. This support, along with other factors, led to a severe economic crisis in France, which eventually resulted in a peasant revolt and the execution of King Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette, during the French Revolution.

Pigs and cattle were released on the islands of the Caribbean, which made it possible for pirates to survive there. These animals provided a sustainable source of food for the pirates, as they could hunt and breed them for meat. Pigs and cattle also provided other resources such as milk, leather, and bones, which could be used for various purposes. Having these animals on the islands ensured that the pirates had a steady supply of food and materials, contributing to their survival in the Caribbean.

Migration, trade, and conquests can all contribute to cultural blending. Migration involves the movement of people from one place to another, bringing their customs, traditions, and beliefs with them. This interaction with different cultures can lead to the exchange and blending of ideas, practices, and values. Trade also facilitates cultural blending as it involves the exchange of goods and services between different regions, allowing for the sharing of cultural artifacts, technologies, and practices. Conquests, although often associated with conflict, can also result in cultural blending as the conquering group may adopt certain aspects of the conquered culture, leading to a mixing of traditions and customs. Therefore, all of these factors can promote cultural blending.

Queen Elizabeth I is the correct answer because she was indeed the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She was born on September 7, 1533, and became one of the most famous monarchs in English history. Queen Elizabeth I ruled from 1558 until her death in 1603 and is often referred to as the "Virgin Queen" due to her decision to never marry or have children. She is known for her strong leadership, successful reign, and for overseeing a period of cultural flourishing known as the Elizabethan era.

A sailor with allegiance to no country and typically known for robbing other ships to get themselves rich is commonly referred to as a pirate. Pirates are known for their acts of piracy, including looting, pillaging, and plundering. They operate independently and are not affiliated with any specific nation or government. Their main motive is personal gain, often accumulating wealth through illegal means.

The correct answer is Mongols. The Mongols were a warrior civilization that lived north of China. They were a significant threat to the Ming dynasty, which led to the construction of a significant portion of the Great Wall of China. The Mongols were known for their military prowess and conquests, and their presence necessitated the strengthening of China's defenses.

Galileo did not invent the telescope, but he played a crucial role in perfecting its use for viewing distant objects. Before Galileo, the telescope was primarily used for terrestrial observations. However, he made significant improvements to the design, including increasing the magnification power, which allowed him to observe celestial bodies such as the moon, planets, and stars. Galileo's observations using the telescope provided evidence for the heliocentric model of the solar system and revolutionized our understanding of the universe. Therefore, the correct answer is Telescope.

King Louis XIV gave himself the title "Sun King" to show his dominance over everything. This title symbolized his belief in the divine right of kings and his role as the center of power and authority. The sun was seen as the source of light and life, and by associating himself with the sun, Louis XIV sought to convey his absolute power and control over his kingdom. This title also reflected his ambition to be the ultimate ruler, shining brightly and radiating his influence over all aspects of his reign.

During his reign, Louis XIV went to war with Spain. This conflict was known as the War of Devolution, which occurred from 1667 to 1668. The war was triggered by Louis XIV's claim to the Spanish Netherlands and Franche-Comté based on his marriage to Maria Theresa of Spain. Louis XIV sought to assert his rights to these territories, leading to a military confrontation with Spain. Ultimately, the war ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which granted Louis XIV certain territorial gains.

The Pirates of the Caribbean franchise is set in the Caribbean Sea during the Age of Piracy, which lasted from the late 17th century to the early 18th century. During this time, the Caribbean was a hub for pirate activity, with pirates hailing from various countries. Spain, England, and the Netherlands were all major colonial powers in the Caribbean and had a significant presence in the region. Therefore, it is accurate to say that pirates from all of these countries were involved in the Pirates of the Caribbean.

The Ottoman Empire was located in the region that is now modern-day Turkey, and it bordered both the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. The Mediterranean Sea is located to the south of the Ottoman Empire, while the Black Sea is located to the north. These two bodies of water played important roles in the trade and transportation of goods for the Ottoman Empire. The other options mentioned, such as the East China Sea and Sea of Japan, Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf, and Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean, are not relevant to the Ottoman Empire's geographical location.

The correct answer is Silk Road. The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that connected the East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and culture between different civilizations. The Ottoman Turks, a powerful empire in the Middle East, gained control of the western portion of the Silk Road and maintained control over it until the 19th century. This allowed them to dominate and profit from the lucrative trade that occurred along this important route.

The Tang dynasty did not build any part of the Great Wall of China. The construction of the Great Wall began during the Qin dynasty, continued during the Han dynasty, and also involved the Ming dynasty. The Tang dynasty, however, did not contribute to the construction of the Great Wall.

Beijing is the correct answer because it is the largest city and the capital of China. Beijing is not only a major political and cultural center, but it is also home to numerous historical sites such as the Forbidden City and the Great Wall of China. As the capital, Beijing plays a significant role in China's governance and serves as an important hub for economic and social activities.

Isaac Newton is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the lead theorist for the concept of gravity. Newton's law of universal gravitation, published in his book "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" in 1687, explained the fundamental principles of gravity and its effects on objects. His theories revolutionized the understanding of gravity and laid the foundation for modern physics. Galileo, Socrates, and Aristotle were influential figures in their respective fields, but they did not contribute significantly to the concept of gravity.

George Washington was named the general of the continental army because of his leadership abilities, military experience, and his reputation as a wealthy plantation owner. He was chosen by the Continental Congress to lead the army during the American Revolutionary War and played a crucial role in the eventual victory of the American colonies over the British. Washington's status as a wealthy plantation owner also provided him with the resources and influence necessary to support the war effort.

During the minority of Louis XIV, the French nobles staged a revolt against the French Cardinal who was holding the throne. This revolt was known as the Fronde, which occurred from 1648 to 1653. The nobles were unhappy with the centralization of power and the increased authority of the monarchy, so they rebelled against the Cardinal's rule. This revolt was eventually suppressed, and Louis XIV went on to become one of the most powerful monarchs in French history.

The Safavid Empire was considered the crossroads of the world because it was located at the geographic center of the known world. This strategic location made it a hub for trade and cultural exchange between different regions. Being situated in the heart of the Middle East, the Safavid Empire had access to both eastern and western trade routes, making it a crucial link between Europe, Asia, and Africa. This geographical advantage allowed the Safavids to flourish economically and establish diplomatic relations with various nations, contributing to their significance as a crossroads of the world.

Cultural blending can lead to the development of a new language or the adoption of elements from different languages, resulting in linguistic changes. It can also influence the styles of government, as different cultures may borrow ideas or practices from one another. Additionally, cultural blending often involves the mixing of different racial and ethnic groups, leading to the creation of new ethnicities or the blurring of distinct racial boundaries. Therefore, all of the options mentioned in the question can be potential results of cultural blending.

Buddhism was the primary religion of Japan before Christianity came into the country. Buddhism originated in India and spread to Japan in the 6th century. It had a significant influence on Japanese culture, art, and philosophy. Buddhism offered a different perspective on life, death, and the afterlife, which appealed to the Japanese people. The introduction of Buddhism played a crucial role in shaping Japan's religious and cultural landscape, making it the dominant religion before the arrival of Christianity.

The Daimyo did not want Christianity in Japan because they saw it as a threat to their power and their laws which only allowed Buddhism. They feared that the spread of Christianity would undermine their authority and the traditional religious and social order in Japan. They wanted to maintain control and ensure that Buddhism remained the dominant religion in the country.

Isaac Newton is the correct answer because he was a renowned scientist and mathematician who formulated the laws of motion. His calculations and experiments provided a mathematical explanation for how objects move and interact with each other. Newton's laws of motion are fundamental principles in physics and have had a significant impact on our understanding of the physical world.

The correct answer is "All of the above" because all three philosophers - Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Montesquieu - had a significant influence on the American Declaration of Independence. Hobbes' ideas about social contract and the need for a strong central government influenced the concept of government in the declaration. Locke's theories on natural rights, limited government, and the right to revolt against tyranny were also incorporated. Additionally, Montesquieu's ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances were influential in shaping the structure of the American government outlined in the declaration.

The Enlightenment was a period in history characterized by intellectual and philosophical advancements in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. It was marked by the rise of reason, science, and individualism. Bach, Mozart, and Handel were all prominent composers and musicians during this time, known for their contributions to classical music. However, Taylor Swift is a contemporary pop artist who emerged centuries after the Enlightenment, making her the correct answer as she was not a fixture of that historical period.

King Phillip II was the king of Spain. He ruled from 1556 until his death in 1598. During his reign, Spain became a powerful and dominant European nation, with extensive territories and influence around the world. Phillip II is known for his strong Catholic faith and his involvement in various conflicts, including the Spanish Armada's failed invasion of England. His reign is often considered a golden age for Spain, with significant cultural, artistic, and economic achievements.

Phillip II was a Catholic. This is evident from the fact that he went to great lengths to defend this religion in his country. The mention of his efforts to protect and promote Catholicism indicates his strong affiliation with the faith.

During the mid to late 1600s, France was known for its emphasis on arts and culture. Louis's favorite thing to have painted was himself. This suggests that Louis had a strong interest in self-portraits and wanted to immortalize himself through art.

The word "sultan" within the Ottoman Empire translates to "the one with power." This term refers to the ruler or leader who holds significant authority and control over the empire. The sultan wields political, military, and administrative power, making decisions and governing the empire. This title signifies the immense power and influence that the sultan possesses within the Ottoman Empire.

The period of scientific discovery beginning in the late 1500s and ending in the late 1700s was known as the Enlightenment. This era was characterized by a shift in thinking, emphasizing reason, logic, and scientific inquiry. It marked a departure from religious and traditional beliefs and led to advancements in various fields such as philosophy, politics, and science. The Enlightenment promoted the idea that knowledge and reason could improve society and human conditions, paving the way for significant social, cultural, and scientific progress.

Isaac Newton had to invent calculus in order to explain the concept of gravity and its effect on the planets' rotation around the sun. Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with rates of change and the accumulation of quantities. It provides a framework for understanding how objects move and interact under the influence of forces like gravity. By using calculus, Newton was able to develop his laws of motion and universal gravitation, which revolutionized our understanding of the physical world.

A privateer is a sailor who carries papers showing them to represent a government. They were often hired by governments to perform similar actions as pirates, such as attacking and plundering enemy ships. However, the key difference is that privateering was legal, as the government authorized and sanctioned their actions. This allowed privateers to operate under a legal framework while still engaging in acts of piracy against enemy vessels.

A representative democracy is the form of government usually found aboard a pirate ship because it allows the crew members to elect representatives who will make decisions and govern on their behalf. This system ensures that the voices of all crew members are heard and considered in the decision-making process, promoting fairness and inclusivity. It allows for a balance of power and prevents any individual or group from having absolute control, which is essential in maintaining order and harmony within the pirate community.

Christianity spread to Japan from China. China played a significant role in the transmission of Christianity to Japan during the 16th century. Jesuit missionaries, such as Francis Xavier, arrived in Japan from China and began spreading the Christian faith. They established missions and converted a number of Japanese individuals to Christianity. The influence of Chinese Christianity on Japan was particularly notable during this period.

Japan became an isolated nation in the 1600s because they didn't want the missionaries in their country. This decision was influenced by the fear that foreign influence, particularly from Christian missionaries, would disrupt the stability and control of the Tokugawa shogunate. The shogunate implemented strict policies to limit contact with the outside world, including the expulsion of missionaries and the prohibition of Christianity. This isolationist policy, known as sakoku, aimed to preserve Japanese culture, traditions, and political power.

Thomas Jefferson was the correct answer because he was indeed the youngest delegate at the Second Continental Congress when he was assigned the task of writing the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson was only 33 years old at the time and his role in drafting this important document played a significant role in shaping the future of the United States.

During the American war for independence, the colonists were fighting against England. England was the ruling country over the American colonies at that time, and the colonists sought to break free from English control and establish their own independent nation. The war was a result of growing tensions and grievances between the colonists and the British government, ultimately leading to the American Revolution.

The defeat of the Spanish Armada weakened the Spanish navy to such an extent that they were unable to recover from it. This meant that Spain's naval power was significantly diminished, which had long-term consequences for their ability to maintain control over their colonies and territories. Without a strong navy, Spain was unable to protect its interests and maintain its dominance as a global power. This defeat marked a turning point in Spain's decline as a major maritime force.

The government of Louis XIV can be best described as an absolute monarchy. During his reign, Louis XIV held complete and unlimited power, with no checks or balances on his authority. He believed in the divine right of kings and centralized control, making all major decisions himself. Louis XIV's rule was characterized by his personal rule and the concentration of power in his hands, making absolute monarchy the most fitting description for his government.

The Safavid Empire was a Persian empire that existed from the 16th to 18th centuries. It was centered in present-day Iran and encompassed a significant portion of the region. Therefore, the modern-day country that would have made up most of the Safavid Empire is Iran.

Daimyo is the correct answer because it refers to the warrior chieftains in Japan who became warlords. The term "Daimyo" specifically denotes the feudal lords who controlled and ruled over territories during the feudal period in Japan. They were powerful military leaders who had their own armies and were granted land and authority by the shogunate. Nobunaga, on the other hand, was a famous daimyo who played a significant role in the unification of Japan. Haiku is a form of Japanese poetry, and kings are not specifically associated with the feudal system in Japan.

During the revolution, France came to the aid of the colonies and helped them win the war against the British. This support from France was crucial for the colonies as it provided them with military assistance, supplies, and financial aid. The French navy played a significant role in the decisive American victory at the Battle of Yorktown. France's involvement in the war was motivated by their desire to weaken their long-time rival, Britain, and to gain revenge for their previous defeat in the French and Indian War.

The term "Janissaries" best describes the elite 30,000 person fighting force of the Ottoman Turks. The Janissaries were an elite infantry unit of the Ottoman Empire, composed of Christian boys who were converted to Islam and trained as soldiers. They were known for their loyalty and discipline, and played a crucial role in the military campaigns and expansion of the Ottoman Empire. The Janissaries were highly respected and had a significant influence on the politics and governance of the empire.

The colonists were taxed on stamps, tea, and sugar, which eventually led them to revolt with the phrase "no taxation without representation." This phrase reflected their frustration with being taxed by the British government without having any say or representation in that government. The taxes on these goods were seen as unfair and oppressive, and they played a significant role in fueling the colonists' desire for independence from British rule.

After the death of her sister Mary, Queen Elizabeth I sought to return England to the Protestant religion. This was a significant shift from the Catholicism that was practiced during her sister's reign. Queen Elizabeth I played a crucial role in establishing Protestantism as the dominant religion in England, and her reign is often referred to as the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. She implemented policies that aimed to strike a balance between Catholic and Protestant practices, but ultimately Protestantism became the prevailing religion in England during her reign.

The earth is the largest object on earth that attracts every other object to it because of its massive size and gravitational force. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, all objects with mass attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. As the earth has the largest mass compared to grass, rivers, and even the moon, it exerts the strongest gravitational pull on all other objects on earth.

The Declaration of Independence was addressed to King Henry in England. This document was written by the American colonists to assert their independence from British rule and to explain the reasons behind their desire for freedom. By addressing it to King Henry, they were directly communicating their grievances and demands to the British monarchy.

During the period when Japan adopted a policy of isolationism, Nagasaki was the only port city that remained open to outside trade with Europeans. This was due to the fact that Nagasaki was the only designated trading port for European merchants, and it played a crucial role in facilitating trade and cultural exchange between Japan and the Western world. The city's strategic location in southern Japan made it an ideal gateway for foreign ships, allowing them to continue their trade relations with Japan despite the country's isolationist policies.

Suleyman, the Ottoman leader, was given the title "Magnificent" due to his exceptional leadership and accomplishments. He was known for his military victories, expansion of the empire, and his patronage of the arts and culture. This title reflects his grandeur, power, and influence during his reign.

The rapid failure of both the Ottoman Turkish Empire and the Safavid Empire can be attributed to the fact that the last leaders of each empire killed their sons and left no strong heir. This lack of a strong succession plan led to power struggles and instability within the empires, ultimately contributing to their downfall.

The correct answer is "The great wall." The Great Wall of China was built as a defensive structure to protect China from invasions and to maintain isolation from outside influences. It stretches across thousands of miles and was constructed over several centuries. The wall served as a physical barrier to prevent enemy attacks and to control trade and immigration. It is considered one of the most remarkable architectural achievements in history and is a symbol of China's rich cultural heritage.