Msg77 US History Ch 6 & 7

Many immigrants flocked to the nation's cities because of the availability of jobs. Cities often offer a wider range of employment opportunities compared to rural areas, making them attractive to immigrants seeking better economic prospects. Jobs provide a means for immigrants to support themselves and their families, improve their standard of living, and pursue the American dream. Additionally, cities tend to have a higher demand for labor in various industries, making them more likely to offer job opportunities to immigrants.

The large men at the back of the room are likely to represent wealthy monopolists because the term "wealthy monopolists" refers to individuals who have a significant amount of wealth and control over a particular industry or market. This group is often associated with power and influence due to their ability to dominate and manipulate the market, which is reflected in their presence at the back of the room.

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Jane Addams is the correct answer because she was indeed one of the co-founders of Hull House in Chicago. Hull House was a settlement house that provided social and educational services to the immigrant population in Chicago. Addams, along with Ellen Gates Starr, established Hull House in 1889, and it became a prominent institution for social reform and advocacy. Addams was known for her work in improving social conditions and promoting peace, and she was the first American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Industrial workers formed unions in order to improve their labor conditions. Unions are organizations formed by workers to collectively negotiate with employers for better wages, working hours, and overall working conditions. By joining together in unions, workers have more bargaining power and can fight for their rights and demands in a united and organized manner. Unions also provide support and representation for workers in case of disputes or conflicts with employers. Overall, forming unions is a common strategy for industrial workers to advocate for their rights and improve their working conditions.

Henry Bessemer is the correct answer because he was a British inventor and engineer who developed the Bessemer process, a technique for converting iron into steel. This process involved blowing air through molten iron to remove impurities and create a more efficient and cost-effective method of steel production. Bessemer's invention revolutionized the steel industry and played a significant role in the Industrial Revolution.

Andrew Carnegie is the correct answer because he was a millionaire tycoon who made his fortune in the steel industry. Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who built a massive steel empire in the late 19th century. He revolutionized the steel industry by implementing the Bessemer process, a technique for mass-producing steel. Carnegie's success in the steel industry made him one of the richest individuals in history, and he became known for his philanthropy, donating a significant portion of his wealth to various causes.

During the 19th century, Ellis Island was the primary immigration station in the United States, particularly for eastern European immigrants. Located in New York City, Ellis Island served as the gateway for millions of immigrants who sought entry into the country. Immigrants were required to pass through Ellis Island for processing, including medical examinations and legal inspections, before being allowed into the United States. Therefore, Ellis Island was the place where 19th-century eastern European immigrants were more likely to pass before gaining entry into the United States.

148 female workers died in a fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory.

The Chinese Exclusion Act was a law passed in 1882 that aimed to limit and decrease Chinese immigration to the United States. It was the first major law that restricted immigration based on a specific ethnic group. The act was driven by racial prejudice and economic competition, as many Americans believed that Chinese immigrants were taking jobs away from native-born Americans. The act imposed severe restrictions on Chinese immigration, including a ban on Chinese laborers and the denial of citizenship to Chinese immigrants. The goal of the act was to decrease the number of Chinese immigrants coming to the United States, effectively limiting their presence and influence in the country.

The Americanization movement aimed to assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture. This movement, which gained popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, sought to promote cultural unity and social cohesion by encouraging immigrants to adopt American customs, language, and values. The movement believed that assimilation would help create a more cohesive society and strengthen national identity. By assimilating immigrants into the dominant culture, it was believed that social harmony and stability would be achieved.

Graft refers to the illegal use of political influence for personal gain. It involves corrupt practices such as bribery, embezzlement, and fraud, where individuals in positions of power exploit their authority for personal enrichment. Nativism, civil service, and gentlemen's agreement are unrelated terms that do not describe the illegal use of political influence for personal gain.

The Sherman Antitrust Act was a law passed in the United States in 1890. It aimed to promote fair competition in the marketplace by prohibiting the formation of trusts and monopolies that restricted free trade. The act was a response to the growing power of large corporations and aimed to protect consumers and small businesses from unfair business practices. By outlawing trusts that interfered with free trade, the act sought to ensure a level playing field and promote economic competition. The other options, such as being supported by industrialists or used by labor unions, are not accurate explanations of the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Thomas Nast was a political cartoonist who played a significant role in exposing the corruption of the Tweed Ring. Through his powerful illustrations, Nast depicted the ring's illegal activities and its leader, William "Boss" Tweed, in a satirical and critical manner. His cartoons were widely published in Harper's Weekly, reaching a large audience and helping to arouse public outrage against the Tweed Ring. Nast's work was instrumental in bringing attention to the corruption and ultimately contributing to the downfall of the Tweed Ring.

Tammany Hall was a notorious political machine in New York City during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was known for its corrupt practices and control over the city's politics. The organization, led by figures such as William "Boss" Tweed, used its power to manipulate elections, award government contracts to its supporters, and engage in various forms of bribery and fraud. Tammany Hall played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of New York City during this period, making it the correct answer.

Nativism is the correct answer because it refers to the idea or policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. This ideology often leads to a rise in anti-immigrant sentiments and the formation of groups that advocate for immigration restrictions. The other options, such as "melting pot" and "Gentlemen's Agreement," do not specifically relate to the rise of anti-immigrant groups or the demand for immigration restrictions.

Social Darwinism is the correct answer because it is a theory that justifies the efforts of millionaires and discourages government interference in big business. It is based on the idea of survival of the fittest, where those who are the most successful in business are seen as superior and deserving of their wealth. This theory promotes the idea that government should not interfere with the natural competition and evolution of the business world.

Rutherford B. Hayes's words suggest that he believes that a large fortune can do more good in the world if it is divided into moderate sums and given to hardworking individuals. Among the given options, Andrew Carnegie fits this description the best. Carnegie was a philanthropist who believed in giving back to society and used his large fortune to establish libraries, schools, and other public institutions. He was known for his benevolence, liberal views, and his immense wealth, which aligns with Hayes's statement.

Pullman, Illinois was an unusual town because it was built by a company to house its workers. This means that the town was specifically constructed to accommodate the employees of a particular company, which was a unique concept at the time. This arrangement allowed the company to have control over the living conditions and amenities provided to its workers, creating a sense of community and dependency on the company.

The Pendleton Act is the correct answer because it established a civil service commission that was responsible for making government appointments based on merit rather than political favoritism. This act was passed in response to the corruption and abuse of power associated with the political machines, and it aimed to create a more fair and efficient system of government appointments. The Pendleton Act marked an important step towards professionalizing the civil service and reducing the influence of political patronage in government.

The goal of the Interstate Commerce Act was to lower excessive railroad rates. This act was passed in 1887 in response to public outcry over unfair and discriminatory practices by railroads. It aimed to regulate the railroads and prevent them from charging exorbitant rates, especially for smaller businesses and farmers. The act established the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to oversee and enforce regulations on railroad rates, ensuring fair and reasonable pricing. By lowering excessive rates, the act aimed to promote fair competition and protect consumers from monopolistic practices.

The cartoon depicts Boss Tweed as a large figure, suggesting his significant role in the theft of the people's money. However, the presence of his associates in the cartoon implies that he did not act alone. This suggests that Boss Tweed had help from his associates in stealing the people's money, indicating a collaborative effort rather than sole responsibility.

The railroads played a crucial role in the industrialization of the United States by utilizing steel and coal and delivering them to new markets. This not only expanded the reach of these resources but also fueled the growth of industries that relied on them. The railroads enabled the transportation of goods and raw materials more efficiently and effectively, contributing to the overall development and expansion of industries across the country.

The government recognized the significance of railroads in settling the West and thus provided land grants to the railroad companies. These land grants allowed the companies to acquire large portions of land along the railroad routes, which they could then sell or use for their operations. This incentivized the construction of railroads, as the companies could profit from the land they received. The government's provision of land grants played a crucial role in the expansion of railroads and the development of the West.

Industrial consolidation and trusts reduced competition during the late 1800s. This was because as companies merged and formed trusts, they gained more control over the market, leading to the elimination of smaller competitors. With fewer competitors, these large companies were able to dominate the market and set prices, resulting in less competition and fewer choices for consumers. This consolidation also allowed for the formation of monopolies, further reducing competition in various industries.

The emergence of the middle class is not a factor that contributed to the immense industrial boom of the early 1900s. The industrial boom was primarily fueled by a wealth of natural resources, government support for business, and a growing urban population. The middle class, while important for economic stability, did not directly contribute to the industrial boom in the same way as the other factors mentioned.

Collective bargaining is a process where workers negotiate with their employers as a group to improve their working conditions, wages, and benefits. In the late 1800s, workers faced harsh working conditions and low wages, and collective bargaining became a crucial tool for them to fight for their rights. By organizing themselves into labor unions and collectively bargaining with their employers, workers were able to secure better working conditions, higher wages, and improved benefits. Therefore, the correct answer is "win workers' rights."

The assassination of President Garfield was prompted by the issue of civil service reform. This reform aimed to eliminate political patronage and corruption by implementing a merit-based system for government jobs. Charles J. Guiteau, the assassin, was a disgruntled office seeker who believed he had been denied a government position due to Garfield's failure to fulfill his promises regarding civil service reform. Guiteau's act of violence was a misguided attempt to bring attention to his grievances and support for civil service reform.

The biggest obstacle to the enforcement of the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act was the rulings of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court interpreted these laws in a way that favored big businesses and limited the government's ability to regulate them. The Court's decisions often prioritized protecting property rights and promoting laissez-faire capitalism over enforcing regulations. This made it difficult for the government to effectively regulate industry and prevent monopolistic practices, hindering the enforcement of these laws.