Msg77 US History Ch 6 & 7
Industrialization, Immigration and Urbanization
Questions and Answers
- 1.
He developed an efficient technique for transforming iron into steel.
- A.
Edwin L. Drake
- B.
Henry Bessemer
- C.
Alexander Graham Bell
- D.
Thomas Alva Edison
Correct Answer
B. Henry BessemerExplanation
Henry Bessemer is the correct answer because he was a British inventor and engineer who developed the Bessemer process, a technique for converting iron into steel. This process involved blowing air through molten iron to remove impurities and create a more efficient and cost-effective method of steel production. Bessemer's invention revolutionized the steel industry and played a significant role in the Industrial Revolution.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The millionaire tycoon who made his fortune in the steel industry.
- A.
Eugene V. Debs
- B.
Henry Bessemer
- C.
Andrew Carnegie
- D.
Christopher Sholes
Correct Answer
C. Andrew CarnegieExplanation
Andrew Carnegie is the correct answer because he was a millionaire tycoon who made his fortune in the steel industry. Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who built a massive steel empire in the late 19th century. He revolutionized the steel industry by implementing the Bessemer process, a technique for mass-producing steel. Carnegie's success in the steel industry made him one of the richest individuals in history, and he became known for his philanthropy, donating a significant portion of his wealth to various causes.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The theory that justified the efforts of millionaires and discouraged government interference n big business.
- A.
Social Darwinism
- B.
Vertical integration
- C.
Horizontal integration
- D.
Nativism
Correct Answer
A. Social DarwinismExplanation
Social Darwinism is the correct answer because it is a theory that justifies the efforts of millionaires and discourages government interference in big business. It is based on the idea of survival of the fittest, where those who are the most successful in business are seen as superior and deserving of their wealth. This theory promotes the idea that government should not interfere with the natural competition and evolution of the business world.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Recognizing how important railroads were for settling the West, the government made___________ to the railroad companies.
- A.
Granger Laws
- B.
Loans
- C.
Land grants
- D.
Labor grants
Correct Answer
C. Land grantsExplanation
The government recognized the significance of railroads in settling the West and thus provided land grants to the railroad companies. These land grants allowed the companies to acquire large portions of land along the railroad routes, which they could then sell or use for their operations. This incentivized the construction of railroads, as the companies could profit from the land they received. The government's provision of land grants played a crucial role in the expansion of railroads and the development of the West.Rate this question:
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- 5.
To improve their labor conditions, many industrial workers formed
- A.
Trusts
- B.
Holding companies
- C.
The Grange
- D.
Unions
Correct Answer
D. UnionsExplanation
Industrial workers formed unions in order to improve their labor conditions. Unions are organizations formed by workers to collectively negotiate with employers for better wages, working hours, and overall working conditions. By joining together in unions, workers have more bargaining power and can fight for their rights and demands in a united and organized manner. Unions also provide support and representation for workers in case of disputes or conflicts with employers. Overall, forming unions is a common strategy for industrial workers to advocate for their rights and improve their working conditions.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What group do the large men at the back of the room represent?
- A.
Wealthy monopolists
- B.
Very powerful senators
- C.
Labor organizers
- D.
Typical American citizens
Correct Answer
A. Wealthy monopolistsExplanation
The large men at the back of the room are likely to represent wealthy monopolists because the term "wealthy monopolists" refers to individuals who have a significant amount of wealth and control over a particular industry or market. This group is often associated with power and influence due to their ability to dominate and manipulate the market, which is reflected in their presence at the back of the room.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is the main idea of this cartoon?
- A.
The Senate is working for the people, not for special interests.
- B.
Owners of business monopolies control the Senate.
- C.
Ordinary people are not allowed in the Senate.
- D.
Senators can be bribed for small amounts of money.
Correct Answer
B. Owners of business monopolies control the Senate. -
- 8.
How did 19th-century industrialists encourage competition? How did theydiscourage competition? Think About:• employee management techniques• monopolies• trusts
- 9.
Why was Pullman, Illinois, an unusual town?
- A.
It had one main industry.
- B.
It specialized in a regional product.
- C.
It owed its prosperity to the railroads.
- D.
It was built by a company to house its workers.
Correct Answer
D. It was built by a company to house its workers.Explanation
Pullman, Illinois was an unusual town because it was built by a company to house its workers. This means that the town was specifically constructed to accommodate the employees of a particular company, which was a unique concept at the time. This arrangement allowed the company to have control over the living conditions and amenities provided to its workers, creating a sense of community and dependency on the company.Rate this question:
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- 10.
In which of the following places did 148 female workers die in a fire?
- A.
Haymarket Square
- B.
The Pullman factory
- C.
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
- D.
Carnegie Steel’s Homestead Plant
Correct Answer
C. The Triangle Shirtwaist FactoryExplanation
148 female workers died in a fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What did industrial consolidation and trusts reduce during the late 1800s?
- A.
Corruption
- B.
Monopolies
- C.
Competition
- D.
Interstate commerce
Correct Answer
C. CompetitionExplanation
Industrial consolidation and trusts reduced competition during the late 1800s. This was because as companies merged and formed trusts, they gained more control over the market, leading to the elimination of smaller competitors. With fewer competitors, these large companies were able to dominate the market and set prices, resulting in less competition and fewer choices for consumers. This consolidation also allowed for the formation of monopolies, further reducing competition in various industries.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What was the goal of the Interstate Commerce Act?
- A.
To build new railroads
- B.
To destroy the railroad industry
- C.
To lower excessive railroad rates
- D.
To increase the power of railroads
Correct Answer
C. To lower excessive railroad ratesExplanation
The goal of the Interstate Commerce Act was to lower excessive railroad rates. This act was passed in 1887 in response to public outcry over unfair and discriminatory practices by railroads. It aimed to regulate the railroads and prevent them from charging exorbitant rates, especially for smaller businesses and farmers. The act established the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to oversee and enforce regulations on railroad rates, ensuring fair and reasonable pricing. By lowering excessive rates, the act aimed to promote fair competition and protect consumers from monopolistic practices.Rate this question:
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- 13.
All of the following factors contributed to the immense industrial boom of the early 1900s except
- A.
A wealth of natural resources.
- B.
Government support for business.
- C.
A growing urban population.
- D.
The emergence of the middle class.
Correct Answer
D. The emergence of the middle class.Explanation
The emergence of the middle class is not a factor that contributed to the immense industrial boom of the early 1900s. The industrial boom was primarily fueled by a wealth of natural resources, government support for business, and a growing urban population. The middle class, while important for economic stability, did not directly contribute to the industrial boom in the same way as the other factors mentioned.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The Sherman Antitrust Act
- A.
Outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free trade.
- B.
Was supported by millionaire industrialists.
- C.
Was used by labor unions to fight for workers’ rights.
- D.
Encouraged the establishment of large-scale businesses.
Correct Answer
A. Outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free trade.Explanation
The Sherman Antitrust Act was a law passed in the United States in 1890. It aimed to promote fair competition in the marketplace by prohibiting the formation of trusts and monopolies that restricted free trade. The act was a response to the growing power of large corporations and aimed to protect consumers and small businesses from unfair business practices. By outlawing trusts that interfered with free trade, the act sought to ensure a level playing field and promote economic competition. The other options, such as being supported by industrialists or used by labor unions, are not accurate explanations of the Sherman Antitrust Act.Rate this question:
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- 15.
In the late 1800s, collective bargaining was a technique used to
- A.
Expand industry.
- B.
Win workers’ rights.
- C.
Restrict labor unions.
- D.
Organize labor unions.
Correct Answer
B. Win workers’ rights.Explanation
Collective bargaining is a process where workers negotiate with their employers as a group to improve their working conditions, wages, and benefits. In the late 1800s, workers faced harsh working conditions and low wages, and collective bargaining became a crucial tool for them to fight for their rights. By organizing themselves into labor unions and collectively bargaining with their employers, workers were able to secure better working conditions, higher wages, and improved benefits. Therefore, the correct answer is "win workers' rights."Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which idea led to a rise in anti-immigrant groups and a demand for immigration restrictions?
- A.
Melting pot
- B.
Gentlemen’s Agreement
- C.
Nativism
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. NativismExplanation
Nativism is the correct answer because it refers to the idea or policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. This ideology often leads to a rise in anti-immigrant sentiments and the formation of groups that advocate for immigration restrictions. The other options, such as "melting pot" and "Gentlemen's Agreement," do not specifically relate to the rise of anti-immigrant groups or the demand for immigration restrictions.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Through which place were 19th-century eastern European immigrants more likely to pass before gaining entry into the United States?
- A.
Angel Island
- B.
New York City
- C.
San Pedro Harbor
- D.
Ellis Island
Correct Answer
D. Ellis IslandExplanation
During the 19th century, Ellis Island was the primary immigration station in the United States, particularly for eastern European immigrants. Located in New York City, Ellis Island served as the gateway for millions of immigrants who sought entry into the country. Immigrants were required to pass through Ellis Island for processing, including medical examinations and legal inspections, before being allowed into the United States. Therefore, Ellis Island was the place where 19th-century eastern European immigrants were more likely to pass before gaining entry into the United States.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Many immigrants flocked to the nation’s cities because of
- A.
Quality schools.
- B.
Jobs.
- C.
Convenient shopping.
- D.
A rich cultural atmosphere.
Correct Answer
B. Jobs.Explanation
Many immigrants flocked to the nation's cities because of the availability of jobs. Cities often offer a wider range of employment opportunities compared to rural areas, making them attractive to immigrants seeking better economic prospects. Jobs provide a means for immigrants to support themselves and their families, improve their standard of living, and pursue the American dream. Additionally, cities tend to have a higher demand for labor in various industries, making them more likely to offer job opportunities to immigrants.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The co-founder of Hull House in Chicago was
- A.
Jane Addams.
- B.
Janie Porter Barrett.
- C.
Jacob Riis.
- D.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
Correct Answer
A. Jane Addams.Explanation
Jane Addams is the correct answer because she was indeed one of the co-founders of Hull House in Chicago. Hull House was a settlement house that provided social and educational services to the immigrant population in Chicago. Addams, along with Ellen Gates Starr, established Hull House in 1889, and it became a prominent institution for social reform and advocacy. Addams was known for her work in improving social conditions and promoting peace, and she was the first American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.Rate this question:
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- 20.
This authorized an independent civil service commission to make government appointments based on the merit system.
- A.
Political machines
- B.
Pendleton Act
- C.
Stalwarts
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Pendleton ActExplanation
The Pendleton Act is the correct answer because it established a civil service commission that was responsible for making government appointments based on merit rather than political favoritism. This act was passed in response to the corruption and abuse of power associated with the political machines, and it aimed to create a more fair and efficient system of government appointments. The Pendleton Act marked an important step towards professionalizing the civil service and reducing the influence of political patronage in government.Rate this question:
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- 21.
____________ was the political cartoonist who helped arouse public outrage against the Tweed Ring.
- A.
Roscoe Conkling
- B.
Chester Arthur
- C.
Thomas Nast
- D.
Jacob Riis
Correct Answer
C. Thomas NastExplanation
Thomas Nast was a political cartoonist who played a significant role in exposing the corruption of the Tweed Ring. Through his powerful illustrations, Nast depicted the ring's illegal activities and its leader, William "Boss" Tweed, in a satirical and critical manner. His cartoons were widely published in Harper's Weekly, reaching a large audience and helping to arouse public outrage against the Tweed Ring. Nast's work was instrumental in bringing attention to the corruption and ultimately contributing to the downfall of the Tweed Ring.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act was to
- A.
Create segregated classrooms.
- B.
Decrease Chinese immigration.
- C.
Settle a disagreement between China and the United States.
- D.
Stop Chinese Americans from attending school in the United States.
Correct Answer
B. Decrease Chinese immigration.Explanation
The Chinese Exclusion Act was a law passed in 1882 that aimed to limit and decrease Chinese immigration to the United States. It was the first major law that restricted immigration based on a specific ethnic group. The act was driven by racial prejudice and economic competition, as many Americans believed that Chinese immigrants were taking jobs away from native-born Americans. The act imposed severe restrictions on Chinese immigration, including a ban on Chinese laborers and the denial of citizenship to Chinese immigrants. The goal of the act was to decrease the number of Chinese immigrants coming to the United States, effectively limiting their presence and influence in the country.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The main goal of the Americanization movement was to
- A.
Limit the number of immigrants entering the country.
- B.
Assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture.
- C.
Improve the living conditions in America’s largest cities.
- D.
Encourage people to move from the country to the city.
Correct Answer
B. Assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture.Explanation
The Americanization movement aimed to assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture. This movement, which gained popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, sought to promote cultural unity and social cohesion by encouraging immigrants to adopt American customs, language, and values. The movement believed that assimilation would help create a more cohesive society and strengthen national identity. By assimilating immigrants into the dominant culture, it was believed that social harmony and stability would be achieved.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The illegal use of political influence for personal gain is called
- A.
Nativism.
- B.
Civil service.
- C.
Gentlemen’s agreement.
- D.
Graft.
Correct Answer
D. Graft.Explanation
Graft refers to the illegal use of political influence for personal gain. It involves corrupt practices such as bribery, embezzlement, and fraud, where individuals in positions of power exploit their authority for personal enrichment. Nativism, civil service, and gentlemen's agreement are unrelated terms that do not describe the illegal use of political influence for personal gain.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Tammany Hall was the name of
- A.
A famous settlement house.
- B.
A New York Customs House.
- C.
A New York City political machine.
- D.
The federal courthouse in New York City.
Correct Answer
C. A New York City political machine.Explanation
Tammany Hall was a notorious political machine in New York City during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was known for its corrupt practices and control over the city's politics. The organization, led by figures such as William "Boss" Tweed, used its power to manipulate elections, award government contracts to its supporters, and engage in various forms of bribery and fraud. Tammany Hall played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of New York City during this period, making it the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Identify and explain one reason political machines were so successful in the late 1800s. Think About:• relationship between immigrants and members of political machines• services that political machines provided to people and cities
- 27.
Which of the following issues prompted the assassination of President Garfield?
- A.
Tariffs
- B.
Kickbacks
- C.
Immigration
- D.
Civil service reform
Correct Answer
D. Civil service reformExplanation
The assassination of President Garfield was prompted by the issue of civil service reform. This reform aimed to eliminate political patronage and corruption by implementing a merit-based system for government jobs. Charles J. Guiteau, the assassin, was a disgruntled office seeker who believed he had been denied a government position due to Garfield's failure to fulfill his promises regarding civil service reform. Guiteau's act of violence was a misguided attempt to bring attention to his grievances and support for civil service reform.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Use the quotation below and your knowledge of U.S. history to answer question 1.“ No man, however benevolent, liberal, and wise, can use a large fortune so that it will do half as much good in the world as it would if it were divided into moderate sums and in the hands of workmen who had earned it by industry and frugality.”—-- Rutherford B. Hayes, from The Diary and Letters of Rutherford Birchard HayesWhich of the following people could best bedescribed by Rutherford B. Hayes’s wordsbenevolent, liberal, and a large fortune?
- A.
Thomas Edison
- B.
Eugene V. Debs
- C.
Charles Darwin
- D.
Andrew Carnegie
Correct Answer
D. Andrew CarnegieExplanation
Rutherford B. Hayes's words suggest that he believes that a large fortune can do more good in the world if it is divided into moderate sums and given to hardworking individuals. Among the given options, Andrew Carnegie fits this description the best. Carnegie was a philanthropist who believed in giving back to society and used his large fortune to establish libraries, schools, and other public institutions. He was known for his benevolence, liberal views, and his immense wealth, which aligns with Hayes's statement.Rate this question:
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- 29.
How did the railroads both benefit from and contribute to the industrialization of the UnitedStates?
- A.
The railroads needed government protection, and their development helped government grow.
- B.
The railroads used new inventions and brought people to see the inventions.
- C.
The railroads used steel and coal and delivered both to new markets.
- D.
The railroads needed passengers, and passengers needed to get to new industries.
Correct Answer
C. The railroads used steel and coal and delivered both to new markets.Explanation
The railroads played a crucial role in the industrialization of the United States by utilizing steel and coal and delivering them to new markets. This not only expanded the reach of these resources but also fueled the growth of industries that relied on them. The railroads enabled the transportation of goods and raw materials more efficiently and effectively, contributing to the overall development and expansion of industries across the country.Rate this question:
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- 30.
In the 19th century, government attempts to regulate industry in the United States includedthe Interstate Commerce Act (1887) and the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890). What posed thebiggest obstacle to enforcement of these laws?
- A.
The business tactics of industrialists
- B.
The use of vertical integration
- C.
The rulings of the Supreme Court
- D.
The theory of Social Darwinism
Correct Answer
C. The rulings of the Supreme CourtExplanation
The biggest obstacle to the enforcement of the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act was the rulings of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court interpreted these laws in a way that favored big businesses and limited the government's ability to regulate them. The Court's decisions often prioritized protecting property rights and promoting laissez-faire capitalism over enforcing regulations. This made it difficult for the government to effectively regulate industry and prevent monopolistic practices, hindering the enforcement of these laws.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The cartoon suggests that Boss Tweed (the largefigure at left) —
- A.
Was solely responsible for stealing the people’s money.
- B.
Did not steal the people’s money.
- C.
Had help from his associates in stealing the people’s money.
- D.
Was loyal to his associates.
Correct Answer
C. Had help from his associates in stealing the people’s money.Explanation
The cartoon depicts Boss Tweed as a large figure, suggesting his significant role in the theft of the people's money. However, the presence of his associates in the cartoon implies that he did not act alone. This suggests that Boss Tweed had help from his associates in stealing the people's money, indicating a collaborative effort rather than sole responsibility.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 08, 2010Quiz Created by
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