Pathophysiology First- Pharmacgy

1. Second degree heart block is characterized by:

Prolonged PR interval

Missed QRS waves every 2 to 3 cycles

Normal rhythm

2. Hemophilia B accounts for ______of all hemophilias .

20%

80%

50%

90%

3. Which of the following disorders leads to low production of platelets:

Aplastic anemia

Lymphoma

Megaloblastic anemia

Infections in the bone marrow

All of the mentioned is true

4. Acetylcholine is :

A neurotransmitter released by nicotinic receptors in the preganglionic neurons under sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation

Neurotransmitter released by adrenergic receptors under sympathetic stimulation

A postganglionic neurotransmitter released by nicotinic receptors under sympathetic stimulation

5. The most common type of leukemia in young children:

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia

6. The type of shocks characterized by abundant release of histamine:

Septic shock

Hypovolaemic shock

Anaphylactic shock

7. In right sided heart failure we will find:

Normal JVP, chest blank

Normal JVP, chest crepitation

JVP raised , chest clear

JVP raised, chest crepitation

8. The most important priority for infracted patient is:

Diuretics

Rest

ECG

O2 therapy

9. A 65 years-old female is experiencing left heart failure.Physical exam revealed elevated blood pressure most likely because :

Stress hormones promoting increased cardiac contractility

Sympathetic nervous system compensation for decreased cardiac output

Reflex tachycardia

10. Blood forms_ of the total human body weight, and plasma forms _ of total blood volume .

45% , 7%

55%, 7%

55% , 20%

45% , 20%

11. Which of the following drugs are used to treat polycythemia by supressing the bone marrow ability to produce blood cells :

Warfarin

Hydroxyl urea

Interpheron alpha

Aspirin

12. An increase in tissue metabolism results in:

Decrease in tissue oxygen concentration and an increase in arteriole resistance

An increase in tissue concentrations of metabolites and an increase in arteriole diameter

Decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure

13. Clotting factors 10,9,7,2 are synthesized in the liver by vitamin B12.

True

False

14. All of the following are causes of leukopenia .except :

Viralinfection

Cancer of bone marrow

Aplastic anemia

Fatigue

15. The most common complication of right sided heart failure :

Hepatomegaly

Orthopnea

Pulmonary edema

16. Main reason for berserk movement:

Increased velocity

Increased refractory period

Decreased refractory period

17. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes which type of anemia:

Pernicious

Iron deficiency

Megaloblastic

A+C

18. In relative polycythemia the concentration of erythropoietin is decreased .

True

False

19. Renin is released when:

Decreased blood volume in the afferent arteriole

Increased renal perfusion pressure

Decreased renal perfusion pressure

20. All of the following occurs in polycythemia except :

Increase blood viscosity

Increase blood volume

Decrease blood flow

Increase RBC'S