Do You Have Basic Knowledge About Genetics? Quiz

Explanation
Gregor Mendel was not known as Australian because he was actually an Austrian scientist. Mendel is widely recognized as the Father of Genetics due to his groundbreaking work on pea plants, where he discovered the principles of inheritance. Additionally, he was a monk and a botanist, which further contributed to his studies in genetics and plant breeding. However, there is no association between Gregor Mendel and Australia.

Explanation
Monohybrid refers to the cross or breeding of organisms that differ in only one trait or characteristic. In this context, it means the cross of one trait, indicating that the breeding involves individuals with different variations of a single characteristic. This term is commonly used in genetics to study the inheritance patterns of specific traits in offspring.

Explanation
Mendel did not give the name P2 to his pea plant generations. He used the terms P1, F1, and F2 to refer to the parental generation, the first filial generation, and the second filial generation, respectively. The term P2 is not commonly used in Mendelian genetics to describe pea plant generations.

Explanation
Short stems were not a dominant trait in peas. This means that the majority of pea plants did not have short stems. Instead, tall stems were the dominant trait in peas. This means that if a pea plant had at least one allele for tall stems, it would have tall stems. Purple flowers were also a dominant trait in peas, meaning that if a pea plant had at least one allele for purple flowers, it would have purple flowers. Therefore, the correct answer is short stems.

Explanation
Genetics is the correct answer because it is the study of heredity, which involves the study of genes and how traits are passed down from one generation to another. It encompasses the study of DNA, chromosomes, and genetic variations, and it helps in understanding how genetic factors contribute to the development of traits, diseases, and disorders. Genealogy refers to the study of family history and ancestry, while gene therapy focuses on using genes to treat or prevent diseases. Genes are the specific segments of DNA that carry genetic information.

Explanation
An allele is the name for the carrier of a single trait. It refers to the different forms of a gene that can exist. Each individual has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent. These alleles can be either dominant or recessive, and they determine the expression of a particular trait in an individual. Therefore, allele is the correct answer for the carrier of a single trait.

Explanation
Mendel did not choose pea plants because they have pretty flowers. This is not a relevant factor in his selection process. Instead, he chose pea plants because their breeding is easy to control, they produce a lot of offspring, and they have distinct traits.

Explanation
The correct answer is Tt because heterozygous means having two different alleles for a particular trait, in this case, height. The uppercase T represents the dominant allele for tall height, while the lowercase t represents the recessive allele for short height. Therefore, Tt represents a pea plant that is heterozygous for height, with one allele for tall height and one allele for short height.

Explanation
The correct answer is "tt" because a pea plant that is homozygous recessive for height would have two identical recessive alleles for height, which in this case is represented by "t".

Explanation
The genotypic ratio of a cross between two heterozygous individuals is 1:2:1. This means that in the offspring, there is a 25% chance of getting a homozygous dominant genotype, a 50% chance of getting a heterozygous genotype, and a 25% chance of getting a homozygous recessive genotype. This ratio is based on the principles of Mendelian genetics, where alleles segregate independently during gamete formation and combine randomly during fertilization.