Reproduction In Human Being

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary after ovulation. It is responsible for producing progesterone, which is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. Therefore, the correct answer is ovary.

The acrosome is an organelle found in the head of the sperm. It contains enzymes that are necessary for the sperm to penetrate the outer layer of the ovum, called the zona pellucida. This allows the sperm to fertilize the egg and initiate the process of reproduction. The other options, zona pellucida and megalis, are not organelles but rather structures related to the ovum or unrelated to reproduction, respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is acrosome.

Leydig cells are found in the testes and are responsible for producing testosterone. Testosterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. It is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes such as muscle mass, bone density, and the production of red blood cells. Therefore, the correct answer is testosterone.

Estrogen is a hormone that is primarily secreted from the ovary. The ovary is a female reproductive organ that plays a crucial role in the production and release of eggs, as well as the secretion of various hormones including estrogen. Theca externa and theca interna are components of the ovarian follicles, but they are not responsible for the secretion of estrogen. The testis, on the other hand, is a male reproductive organ and does not secrete estrogen. Therefore, the correct answer is ovary.

The proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle is also known as the follicular phase. This phase occurs after menstruation and is characterized by the development of follicles in the ovaries. During this phase, the follicles produce estrogen, which stimulates the thickening of the uterine lining in preparation for potential pregnancy. The follicular phase ends with ovulation, when one dominant follicle releases an egg. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) follicular phase.

After the release of the secondary oocyte, the Graafian follicle develops into the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that forms from the remnants of the ruptured follicle. It secretes hormones such as progesterone and estrogen, which are necessary for the maintenance of the uterine lining during pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates and becomes the corpus albicans. The corpus callosum is a structure in the brain that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and is not related to the development of the Graafian follicle. The primary follicle is an immature follicle that has not yet undergone maturation.

Flagella are long, whip-like structures that enable the locomotion of human sperm. They are responsible for the movement of the sperm through the female reproductive tract towards the egg. The flagella's rhythmic, wave-like motion propels the sperm forward, allowing it to swim and reach its destination. This enables the sperm to increase its chances of fertilizing the egg and achieving successful reproduction.

The correct sequence of stages of spermatogenesis in a human male is (b) Spermatogonium → Spermatocytes → Spermatids → Spermatozoa. This is the correct sequence because spermatogonium are the stem cells that undergo mitosis to produce spermatocytes. Spermatocytes then undergo meiosis to form spermatids, which eventually mature into spermatozoa. Therefore, option (b) is the correct sequence of stages in spermatogenesis.

Spermiation is the process by which mature sperm cells are released from the seminiferous tubules in the testes. This process occurs after spermatogenesis, which is the production and maturation of sperm cells within the seminiferous tubules. Once the sperm cells are fully mature, they are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and then transported to the epididymis for further maturation and storage. The vas deferens and prostate gland are not involved in the release of sperm cells.

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The primary sex organ is the testis. This is because the testis is responsible for producing sperm and testosterone, which are essential for reproduction and the development of male sexual characteristics. The scrotum is a supporting structure that holds the testis, while the penis is an external organ involved in sexual intercourse. The prostate is a gland that produces seminal fluid, but it is not considered the primary sex organ.

Hyaluronidase is a lytic enzyme that is released by various organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and certain animals. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down hyaluronic acid, a component of the extracellular matrix, which allows for the spreading and diffusion of other molecules. Hyaluronidase is particularly important for pathogens as it helps them to invade tissues by facilitating the breakdown of the extracellular matrix barriers.

The vas deferens receives the duct of the seminal vesicle and forms the ejaculatory duct. This is the correct answer because the ejaculatory duct is responsible for transporting sperm from the vas deferens to the urethra during ejaculation. The other options, such as the epididymis, urethra, and urethral meatus, are not directly involved in this process.

Ovulation occurs under the influence of luteinising hormone. This hormone is released by the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of an egg from the ovary. It plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle and is responsible for the development of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. Luteinising hormone levels surge just before ovulation, triggering the release of the mature egg.

The urethral meatus refers to the external opening of the urinogenital duct. This is where urine and reproductive fluids are expelled from the body.

The correct answer is (d) seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral gland. Seminal plasma, the fluid part of semen, is formed by the contributions of the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral gland. These glands secrete various substances that make up the seminal plasma, including fructose from the seminal vesicles, enzymes from the prostate, and mucus from the bulbourethral gland. This combination of secretions helps to nourish and protect the sperm as they travel through the reproductive system.

Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis where spermatids mature into sperm cells. It involves the transformation of round spermatids into elongated spermatozoa, which includes the formation of the acrosome, condensation of the nucleus, development of flagella, and shedding of excess cytoplasm. It does not involve cell division, unlike spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and embryogenesis, which all involve multiple rounds of cell division.

The correct answer is 2°C. The scrotum, which contains the testicles, needs to maintain a slightly lower temperature than the rest of the body for proper sperm production. The average temperature of the scrotum is around 2°C lower than the core body temperature, which is typically around 37°C. This lower temperature is necessary for optimal sperm development and function.