Computer Organization And Architecture: Quiz!

A data input command is the opposite of a data output command because while a data input command is used to input or read data into a system or device, a data output command is used to output or write data from a system or device. In other words, a data input command retrieves data from an external source and brings it into the system, while a data output command sends data from the system to an external destination.

An instruction code is a group of bits that specifically instructs the computer to perform a particular operation. It serves as a command to the computer's processor, telling it what task to execute. This code contains the necessary information and parameters for the operation, allowing the computer to carry out the desired task accurately.

RAM (Random Access Memory) is not suitable for permanent memory because it is volatile in nature. Volatility means that the data stored in RAM is temporary and gets erased when the power is turned off or lost. Unlike permanent storage devices like hard drives or solid-state drives, RAM does not retain data when the system is powered off. This makes RAM unsuitable for storing important or long-term data as it cannot provide persistent storage.

A register capable of shifting its bits either left or right is called a shift register. This type of register allows the data to be shifted in a serial manner, either in a parallel or sequential fashion. It is commonly used in digital systems for tasks such as data storage, data manipulation, and serial-to-parallel or parallel-to-serial conversion. The ability to shift the bits in different directions makes the shift register a versatile component in various applications.

The correct answer is instruction code. An instruction code is a group of bits that provides a specific command or operation to the computer. It tells the computer what task it needs to perform, such as adding two numbers or storing data in memory. The instruction code is decoded by the computer's processor, which then carries out the corresponding operation.

The addressing mode technique in computers serves multiple purposes. Firstly, it provides programming versatility to the user by offering facilities such as pointers to memory, allowing for more flexible programming. Secondly, it helps reduce the number of bits required in the instruction field, optimizing memory usage. Lastly, it specifies rules for modifying or interpreting the address field of the instruction, ensuring proper execution of instructions. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

The correct answer is "All of the above". This means that the most common addressing techniques used by the CPU include indirect addressing techniques, direct addressing techniques, and immediate addressing techniques. These techniques are used to access and manipulate data in different ways. Indirect addressing involves using a memory address to access data, direct addressing involves directly specifying the memory address of the data, and immediate addressing involves using a constant value as the data. All of these techniques are commonly used by the CPU for efficient data processing.

The average time required to reach a storage location in memory and obtain its content is called the access time. This includes the time it takes to locate the data on the storage device and retrieve it. Seek time refers to the time it takes for the disk drive to position its read/write heads over the correct track. Turn around time is the total time it takes for a process to complete, including waiting time and execution time. Transfer time refers to the time it takes to transfer data between the storage device and the computer's memory.

An interface that provides the method for transferring binary information between internal storage and external devices is called an I/O interface. This interface allows for the input and output of data between the computer's internal storage and external devices such as keyboards, mice, printers, and storage devices. It enables the computer to communicate with these devices and transfer data in a binary format, facilitating the exchange of information between the computer system and the external world.

A dedicated computer refers to a computer system that is assigned to only one task. This means that the computer is specifically designed and configured to perform a single function or operation. It is not shared or used for multiple purposes or tasks. This ensures that the computer's resources and capabilities are fully utilized for the assigned task, resulting in optimal performance and efficiency.

Cache memory is the correct answer because it is a type of main memory that is used to store frequently accessed data for faster retrieval by the CPU. It is a small, high-speed memory located close to the CPU, which helps in reducing the time taken to access data from the main memory. Cache memory acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory, improving the overall performance of the system by reducing the average access time.

A flip-flop is a circuit used to store one bit of data. It is a fundamental building block of digital circuits and is commonly used for storing and transferring data in sequential logic systems. Unlike other options like a register, encoder, or decoder, a flip-flop specifically focuses on the storage of a single bit of data.

Secondary memory is the lowest in memory hierarchy because it has the slowest access time compared to other types of memory. Secondary memory devices, such as hard disk drives and solid-state drives, are used for long-term storage of data and are typically slower than cache memory, RAM, and registers. Cache memory, RAM, and registers have faster access times and are used for storing data that the processor needs to access frequently and quickly.

The addressing mode used in an instruction of the form ADD X Y is index. In this mode, the value of X is added to the value stored in the index register Y to calculate the effective address of the operand. This allows for efficient access to array elements or data structures by using a base address and an offset. By using the index addressing mode, the instruction can dynamically calculate the memory location of the operand based on the value in the index register.

Von Neumann architecture refers to a computer design where a single instruction stream is executed on a single data stream at a time. This means that the computer processes instructions sequentially, one after the other, and operates on a single piece of data at a time. This architecture is known as SISD, which stands for Single Instruction, Single Data. It is the simplest form of computer architecture and is commonly used in most personal computers and traditional processors.

A micro operation refers to the operation that is performed on data and stored in the register. It is a low-level operation that deals with individual bits or small groups of bits within a computer's central processing unit (CPU). These operations are essential for the execution of instructions and the manipulation of data within a computer system.

A combinational circuit is a type of logic circuit that has a set of inputs and outputs. It is designed to produce an output based solely on the current input values, without any memory or feedback. This means that the output of a combinational circuit is determined only by the combination of inputs at a given moment in time, hence the name "combinational circuit". Therefore, a combinational circuit is the correct arrangement of logic gates with a set of input and output.

In a microcomputer, the combination between components occurs through the address and data bus. The address bus is responsible for transmitting the memory address where data is stored or retrieved, while the data bus carries the actual data being transferred. The control lines coordinate and regulate the flow of information between components. However, the control lines alone cannot transfer data, so they are not the correct answer. Therefore, the correct answer is the data bus, as it is the pathway for the actual data transfer between components in a microcomputer.

A binary digit is called a "bit" because it represents the most basic unit of information in computing. A bit can have two possible values, 0 or 1, which correspond to the off and on states of an electronic switch. A register, on the other hand, is a small amount of fast memory within a computer processor. While a register can store multiple bits of information, it is not specifically referred to as a binary digit. Therefore, the correct answer is "bit".

The correct answer is "R3