YMCA L3 Anatomy - Joints And Movements

The transverse plane, also known as the horizontal plane, divides the body into upper and lower sections. This plane is perpendicular to the sagittal and coronal planes, which divide the body into left and right sections and front and back sections, respectively. The transverse plane is commonly used in medical imaging and surgical procedures to visualize and access structures within the body.

Plantar-flexion involves pointing the toe down. This joint action occurs when the foot is flexed downward, such as when standing on tiptoes or pressing the gas pedal in a car. Dorsi-flexion, on the other hand, involves pulling the toe up towards the shin. Opposition refers to the movement of the thumb across the palm to touch the fingers, while inversion involves turning the sole of the foot inward. Therefore, the correct answer is plantar-flexion.

During the upwards movement of a shoulder press, the joint actions that occur are elevation. Elevation refers to the movement of lifting the shoulder towards the head or upward direction. This action involves the contraction of the muscles responsible for raising the shoulder, such as the deltoids and trapezius.

The sagittal plane is an anatomical plane that divides the body into left and right sections. It runs vertically from front to back, creating a symmetrical division of the body. The other options, coronal and frontal planes, divide the body into front and back sections, while the transverse plane divides it into upper and lower sections. Therefore, the correct answer is Sagittal.

Supination is the joint action that involves the turning of the palm upwards. This movement is commonly observed when holding a bowl of soup or when performing a bicep curl. During supination, the radius and ulna bones in the forearm rotate to allow the palm to face upwards. This action is opposite to pronation, which involves the turning of the palm downwards. Inversion and eversion, on the other hand, refer to movements of the foot and ankle, not the palm.

At the joint formed by the tibia and talus, the movements that are possible are plantarflexion and dorsiflexion. Plantarflexion refers to the movement of pointing the foot downwards, like when standing on tiptoes, while dorsiflexion refers to the movement of pulling the foot upwards, like when flexing the ankle.

Lateral raises are an exercise that uses movement in the frontal plane. This exercise involves raising the arms out to the sides, targeting the lateral deltoid muscles. The frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves, and movement in this plane involves side-to-side motions. Lateral raises specifically target the muscles responsible for shoulder abduction, which is the movement of the arms away from the body in a sideways direction. Therefore, lateral raises are the correct answer as they involve movement in the frontal plane.

Bicep curls would take place in the sagittal plane because this exercise involves flexion and extension of the elbow joint, which occurs in the same plane as the sagittal plane. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves, and movements in this plane occur along the anterior-posterior axis. Bicep curls involve moving the forearm towards the upper arm (flexion) and then returning it to the starting position (extension), both of which occur in the sagittal plane.

Rotation is not possible at the thumb/first metacarpal because the thumb joint, known as the carpometacarpal joint, is a saddle joint that allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and opposition movements. However, rotation is not a movement that can be performed at this joint.

Abduction is the correct answer because it refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body, which occurs in the frontal plane. Flexion and extension are movements that occur in the sagittal plane, while rotation can occur in multiple planes depending on the joint involved.

Rotation is the joint action that takes place in the transverse plane. In this plane, movement occurs around an imaginary axis running horizontally from left to right. Rotation refers to the movement of a body part turning or twisting around its own axis. This can be seen, for example, when rotating the head from side to side or when rotating the forearm to turn the palm up or down. Extension, abduction, and lateral flexion occur in different planes of movement and are not specific to the transverse plane.

Lateral flexion is the correct answer because it refers to the movement of the lumbar vertebrae towards the side, allowing the spine to bend sideways. This movement is important for activities such as bending to the side or performing lateral stretches. Horizontal flexion, abduction, and horizontal extension are not possible movements in the lumbar vertebrae.

Lateral flexion refers to the movement of bending or tilting the body sideways, away from the midline. This movement primarily occurs in the frontal plane, which divides the body into front and back halves. The frontal plane is perpendicular to the sagittal plane, which divides the body into left and right halves. Lateral flexion is not associated with horizontal or transverse planes of movement.

Rotation is not possible at the wrist because the wrist joint primarily allows for flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction. Rotation of the forearm occurs at the elbow joint, not at the wrist. The wrist joint is primarily responsible for movements that allow the hand to move up and down (flexion and extension) and side to side (adduction and abduction).

The proximal end of the radioulnar joint allows for pronation and supination. Pronation refers to the rotation of the forearm inwards, causing the palm to face downwards, while supination refers to the rotation of the forearm outwards, causing the palm to face upwards. These movements are important for various activities such as turning a doorknob or pouring a drink.

The coronal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections. It is also known as the frontal plane. This plane is perpendicular to the sagittal and transverse planes, which divide the body into left and right, and upper and lower sections, respectively.

Oblique cycles take place in the transverse plane because they involve rotational movements of the torso. The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower halves and movements in this plane involve rotation around the vertical axis. Oblique cycles specifically target the oblique muscles, which are responsible for rotating and stabilizing the torso. Therefore, oblique cycles are the exercise in the given options that occur in the transverse plane.

During the eccentric phase of a press up, the movement that occurs at the scapula is retraction. Retraction refers to the movement of the scapula towards the midline of the body. This movement helps to stabilize the shoulder joint and engage the muscles of the upper back.

The movement potential at the subtalar joint is inversion. Inversion refers to the movement of the foot where the sole is turned inward, towards the midline of the body. This movement occurs at the subtalar joint, which is located between the talus bone and the calcaneus bone in the foot. Inversion is important for maintaining balance and stability during activities such as walking or running.

The synovial joint between the atlas and skull allows for lateral flexion. Lateral flexion refers to the movement of the head or neck to the side, allowing the ear to approach the shoulder. This movement is made possible by the synovial joint's ability to pivot and rotate, allowing for a range of motion in different directions.

Eversion and inversion occur in the transverse plane. The transverse plane is a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections. Eversion refers to the movement of turning the sole of the foot outward, while inversion refers to the movement of turning the sole of the foot inward. These movements occur around a horizontal axis in the transverse plane.

Horizontal flexion and extension occur in the Transverse plane. The Transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower halves, and movements in this plane involve rotation around a vertical axis. Horizontal flexion refers to bringing a body part forward in the horizontal plane, while horizontal extension refers to moving it backward. Therefore, these movements occur in the Transverse plane.