The Ultimate Quiz On Disaster Management

Tsunamis can occur at any time of the day or night. Unlike other natural disasters that may be limited to specific times, such as tornadoes or thunderstorms, tsunamis are not dependent on certain weather conditions or time of day. They are typically triggered by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, which can happen at any time. Therefore, tsunamis have the potential to occur at any hour, regardless of whether it is morning, afternoon, evening, or night.

High vulnerability and high hazard are associated with high disaster risk because when there is a high vulnerability, it means that the population or area is more susceptible to the negative impacts of a hazard. Similarly, high hazard implies that there is a greater likelihood of a hazardous event occurring. Therefore, when both high vulnerability and high hazard are present, the risk of a disaster occurring is elevated, indicating a high disaster risk.

Drought is not a man-made hazard because it is a natural occurrence that happens when there is a prolonged period of insufficient rainfall. It is a result of natural climate patterns and can occur in any region, regardless of human activities. While human activities can exacerbate the effects of drought, such as through excessive water usage or deforestation, the occurrence of drought itself is not caused by humans.

The Richter scale is used to express the magnitude of an earthquake. Magnitude refers to the amount of energy released by an earthquake, which is measured using seismographs. The scale is logarithmic, meaning that each whole number increase on the scale represents a tenfold increase in the amplitude of the seismic waves. Therefore, the Richter scale provides a quantitative measure of the size or strength of an earthquake, allowing scientists to compare and categorize earthquakes based on their magnitude.

A disease that becomes unusually widespread and even global in its reach is referred to as a pandemic. This term is used to describe a disease that affects a large number of people across different countries or continents. Unlike an epidemic, which is limited to a specific region or population, a pandemic has the potential to spread worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic is a recent example of a global health crisis that has affected millions of people around the world.

Disaster Management includes mitigation, reconstruction, and rehabilitation. Mitigation refers to the actions taken to reduce or eliminate the risks and impacts of disasters. Reconstruction involves the process of rebuilding and restoring the affected areas after a disaster. Rehabilitation focuses on providing support and assistance to affected individuals and communities to help them recover and regain their normal lives. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as all these elements are integral parts of effective disaster management.

The point of the earth's surface directly above the point where an earthquake occurs is called the epicenter. This is the location on the surface where the seismic waves radiate outwards from the earthquake's focus, which is the actual point where the earthquake originates within the Earth's crust. The epicenter is often the area that experiences the most intense shaking and damage during an earthquake.

The correct answer is Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery. This sequence represents the cycle of disaster management. Mitigation involves taking actions to reduce or eliminate the risks and impacts of disasters. Preparedness involves planning, training, and organizing resources to effectively respond to a disaster. Response refers to the immediate actions taken during and immediately after a disaster to save lives and protect property. Recovery involves the long-term process of restoring and rebuilding communities after a disaster has occurred.

The level of risk of a disaster depends on various factors. The nature of the hazard plays a significant role in determining the risk level. Different hazards have different degrees of danger associated with them. Additionally, the vulnerability of the elements that are affected by the disaster also contributes to the level of risk. If the elements are more vulnerable, the risk will be higher. Moreover, the economic value of the elements that are affected is another factor that determines the risk level. If the elements have high economic value, the risk will be greater. Therefore, all of the above factors contribute to the level of risk in a disaster.

An epidemic refers to the occurrence of a large number of people in a community getting a disease at the same time. It is a sudden and widespread outbreak of a contagious disease within a specific area or population. This term is commonly used to describe the rapid spread of diseases like influenza, measles, or COVID-19 within a localized region or community. Epidemics can be contained with appropriate measures such as quarantine, contact tracing, and vaccination.

Effective hazard management largely relies on pre-disaster planning. This involves proactive measures taken before a disaster occurs, such as identifying potential hazards, developing emergency response plans, and implementing strategies to mitigate risks. Pre-disaster planning helps in reducing the impact of disasters, ensuring timely and efficient response, and minimizing loss of life and property. It allows for better coordination between government agencies, emergency responders, and other stakeholders involved in disaster management.

Lahars are volcanic mudflows that occur when volcanic ash and debris mix with water, either from heavy rainfall or the melting of snow and ice. These mixtures can flow rapidly down the slopes of volcanoes, following river valleys and causing significant destruction. Lahars can be extremely dangerous as they can travel long distances and bury entire communities under layers of mud and debris. Therefore, the correct answer is "Volcanic mud flow".

The Ring of Fire refers to a belt of volcanoes in the Circum Pacific region. This area is characterized by a high degree of tectonic activity, with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The Pacific Plate and several other smaller plates in the region are constantly interacting, leading to the formation of volcanic arcs and trenches. This belt includes countries such as Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, and Chile, which are known for their active volcanoes and seismic activity.

The S wave is the correct answer because it is a type of seismic wave that causes a rolling effect along the surface during an earthquake. Unlike the P wave, which causes a back-and-forth motion, the S wave moves in a side-to-side or up-and-down motion. The L wave, also known as the Love wave, is a type of surface wave that causes horizontal shaking. Therefore, the S wave is the most likely wave to produce a rolling effect along the surface.

A tsunami is a geological disaster caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. It is a series of powerful ocean waves that can cause widespread destruction and loss of life when they reach coastal areas. Tsunamis are primarily triggered by geological activities and are considered a natural hazard rather than a weather-related event like floods, storm surges, or wildfires.

When volcanic material is still inside the hill/earth/mountain, it is referred to as magma. Lava, on the other hand, is the term used for volcanic material that has erupted and is flowing on the surface of the Earth. Lahars are a different phenomenon altogether, referring to a type of mudflow or debris flow that occurs after a volcanic eruption. Therefore, the correct answer is Magma.

Vulnerability refers to the degree or extent to which a community, structure, services, or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard. It represents the susceptibility and lack of resilience of a system or entity to the potential negative effects of a hazard. This can include factors such as the physical characteristics of the area, the social and economic conditions, and the level of preparedness and response capabilities in place. Understanding vulnerability is crucial in assessing and managing risks associated with hazards.

The Richter Scale is a logarithmic scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes. It ranges from 0 to 9, with each whole number increase representing a tenfold increase in the amplitude of the seismic waves. Therefore, the correct answer is 0 and 9, as these values encompass the entire range of the Richter Scale.

Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates pull apart. This is because when the plates separate, it creates a gap or rift in the Earth's crust. Magma from the mantle can then rise up and fill this gap, leading to volcanic activity. Intraplate pulling and Earth's crust pulling are not accurate explanations for the location of volcanoes.

Vulnerability analysis is a crucial step in the disaster management cycle, as it helps identify and assess potential risks and vulnerabilities in a given area or system. Mitigation, the correct answer, refers to the actions taken to reduce or eliminate these risks and vulnerabilities. By analyzing vulnerabilities, authorities can develop strategies and implement measures to prevent or minimize the impact of disasters. This includes measures such as building codes, land-use planning, and public education campaigns. Mitigation is an essential part of disaster management as it aims to reduce the overall risk and increase the resilience of communities and systems.

The correct answer is "Volcano of Barren Island". This is the only active volcano in India. Barren Island is located in the Andaman Sea and is part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It last erupted in 2017 and has been continuously active since then. The volcano is monitored by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services to ensure the safety of nearby islands and inhabitants.

Mauna Loa in Hawaii is the correct answer because it is the largest active volcano in the world. It is located on the Big Island of Hawaii and stands at an impressive height of 13,678 feet (4,169 meters) above sea level. Mauna Loa is one of the five volcanoes that form the island of Hawaii and is known for its massive size and frequent eruptions. It last erupted in 1984 and is closely monitored by scientists due to its potential for future eruptions. Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania are also notable volcanoes, but they are not as large or active as Mauna Loa.

The direction of circulation in a cyclone is determined by the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect is caused by the rotation of the Earth and the resulting deflection of moving objects. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes objects to be deflected to the right, leading to an anti-clockwise circulation in cyclones. In the Southern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes objects to be deflected to the left, resulting in a clockwise circulation in cyclones. Therefore, the correct answer is the Coriolis effect.

During a volcanic eruption, the extreme risk zone is within a distance of up to 100 meters. This is because within this range, there is a higher probability of being exposed to dangerous volcanic ash, pyroclastic flows, and other hazardous materials. The intensity of these hazards decreases as you move further away from the eruption site, which is why the risk zone is defined within this range.

The correct answer is the Modified Mercalli scale. This scale measures the intensity of an earthquake based on the observed effects and damage caused by the earthquake, rather than the actual energy released. It uses a descriptive scale ranging from I (not felt) to XII (total destruction) to classify the intensity of the earthquake at different locations. The Richter scale, on the other hand, measures the magnitude of an earthquake, which is a measure of the energy released at the source. Seismographs are instruments used to record and measure earthquakes, but they do not directly measure the intensity.