Vertebral Interlocking Bones Quiz Questions

The vomer and ethmoid bones both have parts that form the septum dividing the nose into right and left passages. The vomer is a thin, flat bone that is located in the midline of the nasal cavity and forms the lower part of the nasal septum. The ethmoid bone is a complex bone located between the eyes and forms the upper part of the nasal septum. Together, these bones contribute to the structure and function of the nasal passages.

The occipital condyles articulate with the atlas, which is the first cervical vertebra. This articulation allows for the flexion and extension movements of the head. The atlas forms a pivot joint with the occipital condyles, enabling the head to rotate and nod.

The middle meningeal artery usually does not arise from the external carotid artery.

The ascending pharyngeal artery is the correct answer because it is the main artery that supplies blood to the pharynx. It arises from the external carotid artery and ascends along the pharynx, providing oxygenated blood to the muscles and tissues in this region. The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the brain, while the ascending cervical artery primarily supplies blood to the neck muscles. The superior thyroid artery supplies blood to the thyroid gland. Therefore, the ascending pharyngeal artery is the most appropriate choice for the artery supplying the pharynx.

The carotid sheath is a connective tissue structure in the neck that contains the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve. However, it does not contain the sympathetic trunk, which is located outside of the carotid sheath. Therefore, the sympathetic trunk is the correct answer as it is not included in the contents of the carotid sheath.

The ligament that connects adjacent vertebral laminae is the flavum. The flavum ligament is a strong, elastic ligament located in the vertebral column. It runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. Its elastic properties allow for flexibility and movement in the spine while also providing stability and support. The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, on the other hand, run along the anterior and posterior aspects of the vertebral bodies, respectively, and do not connect the laminae. The nuchae ligament is located in the neck and is not involved in connecting vertebral laminae.

The external jugular veins do not lie deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscles. They are actually located superficially, meaning they are closer to the surface of the body, and can be seen and felt more easily.

The muscles forming the floor of the submandibular triangle are the hyoglossus and the mylohyoid. The hyoglossus muscle is located on the side of the tongue and helps with movements of the tongue. The mylohyoid muscle is a thin, flat muscle that forms the floor of the mouth and helps with swallowing and elevating the hyoid bone. The sternohyoid muscle is not part of the submandibular triangle, as it is located in the neck and helps with the movement of the hyoid bone during swallowing. The thyrohyoid muscle is also not part of the submandibular triangle, as it connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone. The stylohyoid muscle is not part of the submandibular triangle either, as it connects the styloid process of the temporal bone to the hyoid bone.

The internal jugular vein is the correct answer because it does not pass through the Foramen Magnum. The Foramen Magnum is a large opening at the base of the skull that allows for the passage of the spinal cord, spinal accessory nerve, and vertebral arteries. However, the internal jugular vein is not associated with the Foramen Magnum and instead drains blood from the brain and face.

The secondary curves of the vertebral column are present in the cervical and lumbar portions of the column. These curves are concave posteriorly and develop after birth as a result of the baby's ability to hold its head up and then walk. The cervical curve develops when the baby starts to hold its head up, and the lumbar curve develops when the baby starts to walk. These curves help to distribute the weight of the body evenly and maintain balance while standing and walking.

The common carotid artery usually divides into the external carotid and internal carotid arteries within the carotid triangle.

The correct answer is glossopharyngeal. The glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the carotid body and sinus. The carotid body is a small cluster of chemoreceptors located in the carotid artery that senses changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood. The carotid sinus is a baroreceptor located in the carotid artery that detects changes in blood pressure. The glossopharyngeal nerve also has other functions, including taste sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue and innervation of certain muscles involved in swallowing.

The middle meningeal artery is the correct answer because it is the structure that leaves or enters the middle cranial fossa by way of the foramen spinosum. The foramen spinosum is a small opening located on the sphenoid bone, and it allows the middle meningeal artery to pass through and supply blood to the meninges and parts of the brain. The internal carotid artery enters the middle cranial fossa through the carotid canal, the motor division of V-3 enters through the foramen ovale, and the auriculotemporal nerve enters through the foramen ovale as well.

The correct answer is Superficial cervical artery. In this case, if the dorsal scapular artery is a direct branch of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery, then the name of the transverse cervical artery will be changed to the superficial cervical artery.

The third branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3) exits the middle cranial fossa through the foramen ovale. This is a large oval-shaped opening located in the sphenoid bone, connecting the middle cranial fossa with the infratemporal fossa. The foramen ovale allows for the passage of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, as well as blood vessels and other structures. The other options mentioned, foramen spinosum and jugular foramen, are not the correct exits for the trigeminal nerve V3.

The hyoid bone is located anterior to the C3 vertebra.

The correct answer is the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the face, and it has three main branches - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches. The ophthalmic branch specifically supplies sensory innervation to the forehead, as well as the scalp, upper eyelid, and the front part of the scalp. The maxillary branch supplies sensation to the middle part of the face, while the temporal branch of the facial nerve supplies sensation to the side of the forehead. The cervical branch of the facial nerve does not provide sensory innervation to the forehead.

The longus capitis muscle is considered as a part of the anterior cervical vertebral muscles. It is located in the neck region and helps to flex the head and neck. This muscle originates from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third to the sixth cervical vertebrae and inserts onto the basilar part of the occipital bone. Its main function is to assist in the movement of the head and neck, particularly in flexion.

The pyramidal lobe is the correct answer because it is a small, triangular-shaped extension of the thyroid gland that is located above the isthmus. It represents the embryonic remnants of the thyroglossal duct, which is a structure that connects the thyroid gland to the tongue during fetal development. While the left lobe, right lobe, and isthmus are all parts of the thyroid gland, they do not specifically represent the remnants of the thyroglossal duct.

The great auricular nerve (C2-C3) is responsible for the sensory nerve supply to the skin overlying the angle of the mandible. This nerve originates from the cervical plexus and provides sensation to the skin of the ear, the angle of the mandible, and the parotid region. The greater occipital nerve (C2), lesser occipital nerve (C2), and buccal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve do not supply sensation to this specific area.

The hamulus of the pterygoid process is a part of the medial plate of the pterygoid because the hamulus is a hook-shaped projection that extends from the medial plate. This structure helps to anchor and stabilize the soft tissues in the region, such as the tensor veli palatini muscle and the palatine aponeurosis. It also serves as an attachment point for the pterygomandibular raphe, which is a fibrous band that connects the pterygoid process to the mandible. Therefore, the statement is correct as it accurately describes the anatomical relationship between the hamulus and the medial plate of the pterygoid.

The lesser occipital nerve and spinal accessory nerve are found in the posterior triangle of the neck. The recurrent laryngeal nerve, on the other hand, is not found in this area. Therefore, the correct answer is "only a & c," referring to the lesser occipital nerve and spinal accessory nerve.

The costocervical trunk usually arises from the second part of the subclavian artery. This means that it branches off from the subclavian artery at a specific location, which is the second part. The subclavian artery is a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the upper limbs and other structures in the neck and chest. The costocervical trunk is responsible for supplying blood to the deep muscles of the neck and the upper intercostal spaces.

All cervical vertebrae have a transverse foramen, which is a small hole on each side of the vertebra. This foramen allows the passage of the vertebral artery and vein, as well as nerves and other structures. The presence of a transverse foramen is a distinguishing characteristic of cervical vertebrae, differentiating them from other vertebrae in the spine.

The correct answer is the Anterior division of middle meningeal artery. The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the maxillary artery, and it enters the skull through the foramen spinosum. The anterior division of the middle meningeal artery passes directly below the pterion, which is considered the weakest point of the skull. This area is vulnerable to injury, and damage to the artery can lead to an epidural hematoma.

The buccinator is not a muscle of mastication. The muscles of mastication are responsible for the movement of the jaw during chewing. The temporalis, masseter, and lateral & medial pterygoid muscles are all involved in the process of mastication, whereas the buccinator muscle is primarily responsible for the movement of the cheeks during actions such as blowing air or sucking.

The trapezius muscle forms the lateral border of the posterior triangle of the neck. The posterior triangle is a region in the neck that is bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle anteriorly, the trapezius muscle posteriorly, and the clavicle inferiorly. The trapezius muscle is a large, triangular muscle that extends from the base of the skull to the middle of the back and plays a major role in moving and stabilizing the shoulder blades.

C1 is the correct answer because it does not have any sensory contributions. The cervical spinal nerves typically have both sensory and motor functions, but C1 is an exception. It is primarily a motor nerve that innervates the muscles of the neck and does not provide any sensory input. The sensory contributions for the other options (C2, C3, and C4) are present, making them incorrect answers.

The pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone forms the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa. This fossa is a small space located in the skull, behind the maxilla bone and lateral to the nasal cavity. The pterygoid process is a bony projection that extends from the sphenoid bone and helps to support the muscles of mastication (chewing). It also serves as an attachment point for several ligaments and muscles involved in jaw movement. Therefore, the correct answer is sphenoid.

The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is supplied by the facial nerve. The facial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression, including the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. This nerve originates in the brainstem and travels through the face, providing motor function to the muscles involved in facial expressions. Therefore, it is the correct nerve responsible for supplying the posterior belly of the digastric muscle.

The mental nerve is not a branch of cranial nerve VII. Cranial nerve VII, also known as the facial nerve, gives rise to several branches including the temporal, buccal, and cervical nerves. However, the mental nerve is a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), not cranial nerve VII.

The correct answer is lingual. The lingual artery is an arterial branch of the external carotid artery that originates at the level of the hyoid bone. It forms a loop before passing deep to the hyoglossus muscle to enter the submandibular region.

The superior orbital fissure is a bony opening located in the skull. It is positioned directly inferior to the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. This fissure serves as a passageway for several cranial nerves, including the III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens) cranial nerves. These nerves are responsible for controlling eye movement and other functions related to the eye. Therefore, the correct answer states that the superior orbital fissure transmits the III, IV, and VI cranial nerves.

The correct answer is "investing." The investing fascia is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds and encloses various structures in the body, including muscles and glands. In the case of the parotid gland, the investing fascia forms a sheath around it, providing support and protection. The superficial fascia is a layer of connective tissue that lies just beneath the skin and does not specifically surround the parotid gland. The pretracheal and prevertebral fascia are located in different regions of the neck and do not directly relate to the parotid gland.

The thyrohyoid muscle is responsible for elevating the larynx. It connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone and helps in raising the larynx during swallowing and speaking. The omohyoid muscle is not involved in elevating the larynx but rather in depresses it. The sternothyroid muscle also depresses the larynx. The digastric muscle helps in opening the mouth and depressing the mandible, but it does not directly elevate the larynx.

The retromandibular vein is formed by the junction of the maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein.

The carotid canal can be seen from the inferior view of the skull but not from the endocranial view because it is located on the external surface of the skull, specifically on the petrous part of the temporal bone. The endocranial view refers to the internal surface of the skull, which does not provide a direct view of the carotid canal.

The facial artery follows a convoluted course over the body of the mandible and passes just anterior to the masseter muscle. These are the characteristics of the facial artery mentioned in the given options. However, the statement that it is a branch of the internal carotid artery is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is only a and b.

The cranium is made up of 8 bones that protect the brain. These bones are the frontal bone, parietal bones (2), temporal bones (2), occipital bone, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone. Out of these 8 bones, 4 are paired bones (parietal and temporal bones) that exist in pairs on both sides of the cranium. The remaining 4 bones (frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones) are unpaired, meaning they exist as single bones. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

The thyroidea ima artery is sometimes found anterior to the trachea and supplies the thyroid gland. This artery is not always present in individuals, making it an anatomical variation. The superior thyroid artery is the main artery that supplies the thyroid gland, while the inferior thyroid artery is responsible for supplying the lower part of the gland. The anterior ascending cervical artery is not specifically associated with the thyroid gland. Therefore, the correct answer is thyroidea ima.

The infrahyoid muscles, also known as the strap muscles of the neck, include the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles. These muscles are responsible for various movements and functions in the neck. Additionally, one of these muscles, the omohyoid, attaches to the scapula. Therefore, the correct answer is e. a and c only.

The superior laryngeal artery pierces the thyrohyoid membrane.

The thyroidea ima artery is most likely to be cut when performing a tracheostomy. This artery is an anatomical variant that is present in some individuals, but not all. It arises from the brachiocephalic trunk or the arch of the aorta and runs in the midline of the neck, crossing the trachea. Therefore, when making an incision in the trachea during a tracheostomy, there is a higher risk of accidentally cutting the thyroidea ima artery.

The statement that the nasal bones form portions of the medial margin of the orbits is incorrect. The nasal bones are located in the upper part of the nose and do not contribute to the formation of the orbits. The orbits are formed by the frontal, maxillary, zygomatic, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and palatine bones.

The digastric muscle is the correct answer because it receives its motor supply from two cranial nerves, specifically the anterior belly from the trigeminal nerve (CN V) and the posterior belly from the facial nerve (CN VII). This muscle plays a role in opening the mouth and depressing the mandible, as well as aiding in swallowing and speech.

The ansa cervicalis is a nerve loop that arises from the cervical plexus and supplies motor innervation to the strap muscles of the neck. It is usually found in the carotid triangle, which is an anatomical region of the neck bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle. This triangle contains important structures such as the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve, which are in close proximity to the ansa cervicalis.

The correct answer states that the inferior conchae is a separate bone and is attached to the medial side of the medial wall of the maxilla. This means that the inferior conchae is not part of the ethmoid bone or the nasal septum, and it is a separate bone located in the nasal cavity. It is attached to the maxilla bone on the medial side of the nasal cavity.

The joint between the basilar occipital bone and body of the sphenoid bone is a primary cartilaginous joint. Primary cartilaginous joints are connected by hyaline cartilage, which allows for limited movement. In this specific joint, the hyaline cartilage between the occipital bone and sphenoid bone allows for slight movement and flexibility.

The given correct answer is "none of the above." This means that all of the statements provided are correct. The zygomaticofacial nerve is indeed a branch of the trigeminal nerve. The maxillary artery is one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. The temporal artery is indeed the smaller terminal branch of the external carotid artery. Therefore, none of the statements are incorrect.

The occipital artery is the branch of the external carotid artery that passes posterosuperiorly along the inferior border of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It supplies blood to the posterior scalp and muscles in that region.