Abo_shousha_cns_quiz_12_analgesic3

1. In which one of the following conditions would aspirin be contraindicated?

Myalgia

Fever

Peptic ulcer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Aspirin is contraindicated in individuals with peptic ulcer. This is because aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of bleeding. Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, and aspirin can further aggravate these ulcers. Therefore, individuals with peptic ulcers should avoid taking aspirin to prevent worsening of their condition.

Explanation

Aspirin is contraindicated in individuals with peptic ulcer. This is because aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of bleeding. Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, and aspirin can further aggravate these ulcers. Therefore, individuals with peptic ulcers should avoid taking aspirin to prevent worsening of their condition.

2. An 8-year-old girl has a fever and muscle aches from a presumptive viral infection. Which one of the fol- lowing drugs would be most appropriate to treat her symptoms?

Acetaminophen.

Aspirin.

Celecoxib.

Codeine.

Indomethacin.

Acetaminophen would be the most appropriate drug to treat the symptoms of fever and muscle aches in an 8-year-old girl with a presumptive viral infection. Acetaminophen is a commonly used over-the-counter medication for pain relief and fever reduction in children. It is considered safe and effective when used as directed. Aspirin is not recommended for children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. Celecoxib and indomethacin are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that may not be suitable for a young child. Codeine is an opioid medication that is generally not recommended for children due to potential side effects and safety concerns.

Explanation

Acetaminophen would be the most appropriate drug to treat the symptoms of fever and muscle aches in an 8-year-old girl with a presumptive viral infection. Acetaminophen is a commonly used over-the-counter medication for pain relief and fever reduction in children. It is considered safe and effective when used as directed. Aspirin is not recommended for children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. Celecoxib and indomethacin are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that may not be suitable for a young child. Codeine is an opioid medication that is generally not recommended for children due to potential side effects and safety concerns.

3. A 70-year-old man has a history of ulcer disease. He has recently experienced swelling and pain in the joints of his hands. His physician wants to begin therapy with an NSAID. Which one of the following drugs might also be prescribed along with the NSAID to reduce the risk of activating this patient's ulcer disease?

Allopurinol

Colchicine

Omeprazole

Probenecid

Sulindac

Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces the production of stomach acid. It is commonly prescribed along with NSAIDs to reduce the risk of activating ulcer disease. NSAIDs can increase the production of stomach acid, which can worsen ulcer symptoms. By reducing stomach acid production, omeprazole helps protect the lining of the stomach and reduce the risk of ulcers. This is especially important for patients with a history of ulcer disease, like the 70-year-old man in the question.

Explanation

Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces the production of stomach acid. It is commonly prescribed along with NSAIDs to reduce the risk of activating ulcer disease. NSAIDs can increase the production of stomach acid, which can worsen ulcer symptoms. By reducing stomach acid production, omeprazole helps protect the lining of the stomach and reduce the risk of ulcers. This is especially important for patients with a history of ulcer disease, like the 70-year-old man in the question.

4. Which one of the following statements concerning COX-2 inhibitors is correct?

The COX-2 inhibitors show greater analgesic activity than traditional NSAIDs.

The COX-2 inhibitors decrease platelet function.

The COX-2 inhibitors do not affect the kidney.

The COX-2 inhibitors show anti-inflammatory activity similar to that of the traditional NSAIDs.

He COX-2 inhibitors are cardioprotective.

The correct answer is that the COX-2 inhibitors show anti-inflammatory activity similar to that of the traditional NSAIDs. This means that they are effective in reducing inflammation in the body, just like traditional NSAIDs.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the COX-2 inhibitors show anti-inflammatory activity similar to that of the traditional NSAIDs. This means that they are effective in reducing inflammation in the body, just like traditional NSAIDs.

5. A patient with a bleeding tendency presents in the hema- tology clinic. He is apparently taking large amounts of an unidentified drug that inhibits platelet activity. Which of the following directly and reversibly inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase?

Aspirin

Ibuprofen

Misoprostol

Prostacyclin

Aspirin directly and reversibly inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase. This is because aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that specifically inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Platelet cyclooxygenase is responsible for the production of thromboxane A2, a potent platelet aggregator and vasoconstrictor. By inhibiting this enzyme, aspirin reduces platelet aggregation and helps prevent blood clot formation. Ibuprofen is also an NSAID, but it does not directly inhibit platelet cyclooxygenase. Misoprostol and prostacyclin are not inhibitors of platelet cyclooxygenase.

Explanation

Aspirin directly and reversibly inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase. This is because aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that specifically inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Platelet cyclooxygenase is responsible for the production of thromboxane A2, a potent platelet aggregator and vasoconstrictor. By inhibiting this enzyme, aspirin reduces platelet aggregation and helps prevent blood clot formation. Ibuprofen is also an NSAID, but it does not directly inhibit platelet cyclooxygenase. Misoprostol and prostacyclin are not inhibitors of platelet cyclooxygenase.