Definition Of Mitosis In Biology Quiz

Explanation
Interphase is not part of mitosis. Interphase is the phase in the cell cycle where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division. Mitosis, on the other hand, is the process of nuclear division in which the replicated chromosomes are separated into two identical sets. It consists of four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Therefore, interphase is not a part of mitosis.

Explanation
During prophase, the spindle fibers begin to form. These fibers are responsible for separating the chromosomes during cell division. Therefore, the correct answer is prophase.

Explanation
In telophase, the spindle fibers break apart, allowing the two new nuclear membranes to form around the separated chromosomes. The chromosomes disperse into chromatin, which is the relaxed form of DNA. This phase marks the end of mitosis and prepares for the next stage of the cell cycle.

Explanation
The equatorial plate of the mitotic spindle is formed during the metaphase of cell division. During metaphase, the chromosomes align at the center of the cell, forming a plane called the equatorial plate or metaphase plate. This alignment is crucial for the accurate separation of chromosomes during anaphase. The equatorial plate ensures that each daughter cell receives an equal and complete set of chromosomes.

Explanation
During the stage of anaphase in mitosis, chromatids separate. This occurs when the centromeres holding the sister chromatids together divide, allowing each chromatid to be pulled towards opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers. As a result, two identical sets of chromosomes are formed, which will eventually be enclosed in separate nuclei during telophase.

Explanation
The correct answer is 46 because a human cell typically contains 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are structures within cells that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one set inherited from each parent, resulting in a total of 46 chromosomes in most cells of the body.

Explanation
Cytokinesis is the correct answer because it is the process in which the cytoplasm of a cell divides into two daughter cells, marking the end of the cell cycle. During cytokinesis, the cell membrane pinches inwards or a cell plate forms to separate the two nuclei, resulting in the formation of two separate cells. This process ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material and other cellular components.

Explanation
During cytokinesis in plants, a cell plate is formed. This is because plant cells have a rigid cell wall that prevents them from undergoing the same process of cleavage furrow formation as animal cells. Instead, a new cell wall is constructed between the two daughter cells, which is known as the cell plate. The cell plate is made up of vesicles containing cell wall materials, such as cellulose, that fuse together and eventually form a complete cell wall, separating the two daughter cells.

Explanation
During cytokinesis in animal cells, a cleavage furrow is formed. This is a constriction that occurs at the equator of the cell, dividing it into two daughter cells. The cleavage furrow is formed by a contractile ring of actin and myosin filaments that gradually contracts, pinching the cell membrane inward until it separates the cytoplasm of the parent cell into two distinct cells. This process is necessary for the completion of cell division and the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells.

Explanation
During telophase, the nuclear membrane reforms around the newly-formed sets of daughter chromosomes. This is necessary to separate the genetic material from the rest of the cell and protect it. The nuclear membrane acts as a barrier, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus. Therefore, the statement that the nuclear membrane is formed around the newly-formed sets of daughter chromosomes during telophase is true.

Explanation
During mitosis, chromosomes do indeed become coiled, shortened, and distinct, but this occurs during the prophase stage, not the metaphase stage. In metaphase, the chromosomes align themselves along the equatorial plate of the cell. Therefore, the statement that chromosomes become coiled, shortened, and distinct during metaphase is false.