Miladys Cosmetology Exam Review Ch1-16 Partii

The phases of hair growth are anagen, catagen, and telogen. Anagen is the active growth phase where the hair follicle produces new cells and the hair grows longer. Catagen is a transitional phase where the hair follicle shrinks and detaches from the blood supply. Telogen is the resting phase where the hair follicle remains dormant and eventually sheds the old hair. Therefore, telogen is the correct answer as it completes the sequence of the hair growth phases.

The highest point at the top of the head is commonly referred to as the apex. This is because the apex is the highest point or peak of something, and in this case, it is the highest point on the head. Therefore, the statement is true.

Normal matter exists in three different physical states, which are solid, gas, and liquid. The options given are "organic," "air," and "solute." Among these options, only "liquid" fits the description of a physical state of matter. "Organic" refers to compounds containing carbon, "air" is a mixture of gases, and "solute" refers to a substance that is dissolved in a solvent. Therefore, the correct answer is "liquid."

Pityriasis is the medical term for dandruff. It refers to a common scalp condition characterized by flaking and itching of the skin. Pityriasis is caused by the overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus called Malassezia, which leads to an inflammatory response in the scalp. This condition can be managed with medicated shampoos and topical treatments to reduce the symptoms of dandruff.

Alopecia is the term used to identify abnormal hair loss. It refers to a condition where a person experiences partial or complete hair loss, which can be temporary or permanent. This can be caused by various factors such as genetics, hormonal changes, autoimmune diseases, or certain medical treatments. Androgenic alopecia specifically refers to hair loss caused by hormonal imbalances, while alopecia areata refers to a specific type of hair loss characterized by patchy bald spots. Therefore, the correct answer is alopecia.

Direct current is a type of electric current that flows in one direction continuously and maintains a constant flow. Unlike alternating current (AC), which periodically changes direction, direct current (DC) provides a steady and uninterrupted flow of electricity. It is commonly used in batteries, electronic devices, and certain power systems where a consistent and stable current is required.

Hair texture refers to the thickness or diameter of individual hair strands. It can be classified into three categories: coarse, medium, or fine. Coarse hair has a larger diameter and is generally thicker and stronger. Medium hair falls in between coarse and fine hair, with a moderate diameter. Fine hair, on the other hand, has a smaller diameter and is generally more delicate and prone to breakage. This classification helps in understanding the characteristics and needs of different hair types for appropriate care and styling.

Canities is the correct answer because it is the technical term used to describe grey hair. It refers to the loss of pigment in the hair, resulting in a grey or white color. Albinos refers to individuals who lack pigment in their hair, skin, and eyes. Acquired is a general term that does not specifically describe grey hair. Alopecia refers to hair loss, which is different from the greying of hair.

An acid balanced shampoo has a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5 because this pH range is considered to be ideal for maintaining the natural acidity of the scalp and hair. The acidic pH helps to close the cuticles of the hair, making it smoother and shinier, while also preventing damage and frizz. Additionally, this pH range is closer to the natural pH of the scalp, which is slightly acidic, and helps to maintain the health and balance of the scalp. Therefore, it is true that an acid balanced shampoo has a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5.

The growth phase where new hair is produced is called anagen. During this phase, the hair follicles are actively producing new cells, which leads to the growth of new hair strands. This phase can last for several years, and it is an essential part of the hair growth cycle.

The correct answer is telogen stage. The hair growth cycle consists of three phases: anagen, catagen, and telogen. During the telogen stage, the hair follicle is in a resting phase and no new hair growth occurs. This stage can last for several weeks to several months before the hair sheds and a new hair begins to grow in the anagen phase.

A change in a substance's chemical composition refers to a chemical change. This type of change involves the rearrangement of atoms and the formation of new chemical bonds, resulting in a different substance with different properties. Unlike physical changes, which only affect the physical state or appearance of a substance, chemical changes involve a transformation at the molecular level. Therefore, the correct answer is chemical change.

A converter is the device that changes direct current to alternating current. This device is commonly used in power electronics to convert the voltage level and waveform of electrical power. It is essential in many applications, such as inverter systems for solar power generation, electric vehicle charging, and uninterruptible power supplies. The converter allows the transfer of electrical energy from a DC source to an AC load, enabling the efficient transmission and utilization of power.

Vellus hair is non pigmented and almost never has a medulla. Vellus hair is fine, short, and usually covers the majority of the body. It is often referred to as "peach fuzz" and is commonly found on areas such as the face, arms, and back. Unlike terminal hair, which is thicker and darker, vellus hair is typically colorless or very light in color. This type of hair is more common in women and children.

Illusions of dimension or depth are created when lighter and warmer colors are alternated with colors that are dark and cooler. This is because darker and cooler colors tend to recede visually, creating a sense of depth and distance. The contrast between the lighter and warmer colors and the darker and cooler colors enhances the perception of depth, giving the illusion that certain elements are closer or farther away.

Tinea is the correct answer because it is the medical term used to describe a fungal organism characterized by itching scales and painful circular lesions. It is commonly known as ringworm and can affect various parts of the body, including the scalp, body, feet, and nails. Tinea is highly contagious and can spread through direct contact with an infected person or an infected object. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications to eliminate the fungus and relieve symptoms.

Alopecia areata refers to the sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots. This condition is characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the hair follicles, resulting in hair loss. It can occur on the scalp or other areas of the body, and the exact cause is unknown. Treatment options for alopecia areata include corticosteroid injections, topical medications, and hair transplant surgery.

The correct answer is cathode because in an electrotherapy device, the negative electrode is called the cathode. The cathode is responsible for attracting positively charged ions and delivering them to the targeted area of the body. This helps to stimulate nerves, muscles, or tissues and provide therapeutic benefits.

A scalp treatment used when there is a deficiency of natural oil on the hair or scalp should contain moisturizers and emollient ingredients. These ingredients help to nourish and hydrate the scalp, restoring moisture and preventing dryness. Moisturizers help to retain water in the scalp, while emollients create a protective barrier, preventing moisture loss. This combination of moisturizers and emollients helps to replenish the natural oils and improve the overall health and condition of the hair and scalp. Sulfonated oil base products, strong soap preparations, and mineral and greasy preparations may be too harsh or heavy for the scalp, exacerbating the deficiency of natural oil.

Glycerin is a sweet colorless oily substance commonly used as a moisturizer ingredient in cosmetic products. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin by attracting and retaining moisture. Glycerin acts as a humectant, drawing water from the environment and binding it to the skin, thus improving its moisture balance. It is a popular ingredient in various skincare products, including lotions, creams, and serums, due to its moisturizing properties.

Minoxidil and finasteride are two products that have been approved by the FDA for stimulating hair growth and are allowed for sale in the USA. Minoxidil is a topical solution that is applied directly to the scalp, while finasteride is an oral medication. Both of these products have been shown to be effective in promoting hair growth in individuals with certain types of hair loss. Therefore, they are the correct answer to the question.

An anode is the positive electrode of an electotherapy device. It is responsible for attracting negatively charged ions or electrons during the flow of electric current. The anode plays a crucial role in the functioning of the device by facilitating the desired therapeutic effects.

Rhythm refers to the repetition or alternation of elements in a design, creating a sense of movement and visual flow. It can be achieved through the use of repeated shapes, colors, lines, or patterns. In this context, a recurrent pattern of movement in design aligns perfectly with the concept of rhythm, as it implies the repetition of certain elements to create a cohesive and harmonious composition.

The correct answer is hydrophilic. A surfactant molecule has a water attracting end, known as the hydrophilic end, which is attracted to water molecules. This hydrophilic end allows the surfactant molecule to dissolve in water and interact with water-based substances. The hydrophilic nature of the surfactant molecule enables it to lower the surface tension of water and facilitate the mixing of water with other substances, such as oils or dirt.

For a client with a long face, adding fullness on the sides would be recommended to add width. This would help balance out the length of the face and create the illusion of a more proportionate shape. By adding volume and fullness on the sides, the stylist can create a wider appearance, which can be flattering for someone with a long face. Adding volume and height on top or adding fullness in length may further elongate the face, while adding weight to the chin and front may make the face appear heavier.

Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to 50 percent. This means that when wet hair is pulled, it can stretch up to half of its original length before returning to its original shape. This is a characteristic of healthy hair that has the ability to withstand some tension without breaking or becoming damaged.

Pin curl bases are referred to as "arc based" because they are created by wrapping the hair around a finger or rod in a curved or arched shape. This technique creates a soft, natural-looking curl with a slight wave. Unlike rectangular, triangular, or square bases, which have more defined shapes, arc-based pin curls have a more fluid and organic appearance.

Monilethrix is the correct technical term used to describe beaded hair. This condition is characterized by hair shaft abnormalities, resulting in hair that appears beaded or moniliform. It is a rare genetic disorder that causes the hair to be fragile and prone to breakage. Monoglycerine, finasteride, and fragile are not the correct terms for this condition.

When smoothing backcombed hair, the teeth of the comb or brush should be held at a 45-degree angle. This angle allows for gentle smoothing without causing excessive tension or damage to the hair. Holding the teeth at a 45-degree angle helps to distribute the hair evenly and create a smoother appearance.

Immiscible refers to liquids that are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions. This means that when two immiscible liquids are combined, they will separate into distinct layers rather than forming a homogeneous mixture. This occurs because the intermolecular forces between the molecules of the two liquids are not strong enough to overcome the forces within each individual liquid. As a result, the liquids remain separate, with one floating on top of the other.

A substance with a pH above 7.0 is considered to be an alkali solution. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, with values below 7.0 indicating acidity, 7.0 indicating neutrality, and values above 7.0 indicating alkalinity. Therefore, a substance with a pH above 7.0 is alkaline in nature and is classified as an alkali solution.

An electrode is a device that is used for directing the electric current from the machine to the client's skin. It acts as a conductor and helps in the transmission of electrical energy. Electrodes are commonly used in various electrical and medical applications, including electrotherapy and electrochemical reactions.

A carbuncle is a skin infection characterized by inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacteria. It typically presents as a painful, red, swollen lump filled with pus. The infection can spread and cause fever and other systemic symptoms. Treatment usually involves antibiotics and sometimes surgical drainage. Pediculosis refers to an infestation of lice, anagen is a phase of hair growth, and alopecia refers to hair loss.

The correct answer is form. In hairstyling, form refers to the three-dimensional shape or structure of a hairstyle. It includes the overall outline, volume, and arrangement of the hair. Form can be created through various techniques such as cutting, styling, and setting the hair. It is an important aspect of hairstyling as it helps to create a desired look and adds dimension to the hair.

Iontophoresis is the process of introducing water soluble products into the skin using electric current. It involves the use of electrodes to deliver the product into the skin. This method is commonly used in medical and cosmetic treatments to deliver medications or other substances directly to the desired area of the skin. The electric current helps to enhance the absorption of the product, making it more effective.

Tinea capitis is a type of fungal infection that affects the scalp and hair follicles. It is characterized by the presence of red papules at the opening of the hair follicles. This condition is commonly seen in children and can cause hair loss, itching, and inflammation. Pediculosis refers to a lice infestation, steatoides is not a recognized medical term, and pityriasis refers to a group of skin conditions characterized by flaking and scaling. Therefore, the correct answer for the given question is tinea capitis.

An emulsion is a mixture of two or more immiscible substances that are combined with the help of a binder. In an emulsion, the substances are finely dispersed throughout each other, creating a stable mixture. This is different from a suspension, where the particles are not dissolved but rather suspended in a liquid and may settle over time. A solution, on the other hand, is a homogeneous mixture where the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is emulsion.

Physical mixtures containing two or more different substances can exist in the form of solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures where the particles of the different substances are evenly distributed at a molecular level. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures where the particles of one substance are dispersed throughout another substance, but they are not dissolved and can settle over time. Emulsions are also heterogeneous mixtures, but they consist of two immiscible liquids, where one liquid is dispersed as tiny droplets within the other liquid.

Terminal hair refers to the long, thick, and pigmented hair that grows on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of both males and females. It is the opposite of vellus hair, which is short, fine, and unpigmented. Terminal hair is typically the type of hair that develops during puberty and is influenced by hormones. It is the type of hair that most people have on their heads and other parts of their bodies, such as the armpits and pubic area. Scabies is a skin infestation caused by mites, and vellum refers to a type of fine parchment.

Lines in the principles of design define form and space. Lines are used to create the boundaries and shapes of objects, defining their form. They also play a crucial role in creating a sense of space, whether it's through the use of horizontal lines to convey stability and calmness or vertical lines to imply height and strength. By manipulating lines, designers can effectively shape the visual elements of a composition and create a sense of depth and dimension within a given space.

Hair with low porosity has tightly closed cuticles, making it difficult for moisture and chemicals to penetrate. More alkaline solutions have a higher pH level, which helps to open the cuticles and allow the chemicals to penetrate the hair shaft. This is why more alkaline solutions are required for chemical services on low porosity hair.

Miscible liquids are liquids that have the ability to mix and form a homogeneous solution without the need for shaking or the addition of a solvent. This means that when these liquids are combined, they will blend together completely and form a stable solution where the individual components are uniformly distributed. This is in contrast to immiscible liquids, which do not mix and instead form separate layers or droplets. Therefore, the correct answer is that miscible liquids can be mixed into stable solutions.

Harmony is the most important art principle that holds a design together. It refers to the visual agreement and unity between all elements of a design. When a design is harmonious, all the elements work together cohesively and create a sense of completeness and balance. Harmony can be achieved through various means such as color schemes, repetition of shapes or patterns, and consistent use of typography. It helps to create a visually pleasing and well-organized design that effectively communicates its message to the viewer.

Classic styling brushes with rows of round tipped nylon bristles should be heat resistant and antistatic. Heat resistant brushes are able to withstand the high temperatures of styling tools such as hair dryers and curling irons without melting or becoming damaged. Antistatic brushes are designed to reduce static electricity in the hair, preventing frizz and flyaways. Therefore, a heat resistant and antistatic brush is the best choice for styling hair effectively and safely.

Dandruff is caused by a fungus called malassezia. This fungus is naturally present on the scalp and feeds on the oils produced by the hair follicles. However, in some individuals, malassezia can overgrow and cause irritation, leading to dandruff. Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by mites, pathogenic refers to any disease-causing agent, and tinea is a fungal infection that commonly affects the skin, hair, and nails. Therefore, malassezia is the correct answer as it specifically relates to the fungus responsible for dandruff.

The correct answer is galvanic current. Galvanic current is a commonly used modality in which a constant and direct current is applied to the body. It is often used in electrotherapy for various therapeutic purposes such as pain management, tissue healing, and muscle stimulation. Galvanic current works by delivering a low-voltage electrical current through the skin, which can have effects on the underlying tissues and nerves. This modality is widely used in physical therapy and rehabilitation settings.

The correct answer is space. In hairstyling, the area that surrounds the form refers to the empty or open area between the hair strands or sections. It is the area where there is no hair and it helps to define and emphasize the shape and structure of the hairstyle. The concept of space is important in hairstyling as it allows for balance, proportion, and visual interest in the overall design.

The technique of cutting below the fingers or inside the knuckles using a horizontal line creates a heavier graduated haircut or a one length bob. This technique involves cutting the hair in a straight line below the fingers or knuckles, resulting in a more pronounced graduation or a uniform length all around. This technique is commonly used to create a heavier and more structured look in the hair, either with graduated layers or a one length bob.

The current used for facial and scalp treatments is measured in milliamperes. Milliamperes (mA) is a unit of electric current that is equal to one thousandth of an ampere. It is commonly used in low-level electrical treatments for the face and scalp, such as microcurrent therapy or galvanic treatments. Milliamperes are used because they provide a safe and controlled level of current that is suitable for these delicate areas of the body. Direct current, wattage, and voltage are not used to measure the current for facial and scalp treatments.

Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain carbon. This field focuses on the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-based compounds. It plays a crucial role in understanding and developing various fields such as pharmaceuticals, materials science, biochemistry, and environmental science. Inorganic chemistry, on the other hand, deals with the study of compounds that do not contain carbon. Chemical composition refers to the arrangement and proportions of elements in a substance, while natural products typically refer to compounds derived from natural sources.