Microbiology: Chapter 4
- 1.
Viruses are...
- A.
Acellular
- B.
Cellular
Correct Answer
A. Acellular -
- 2.
Prokaryotes possess a nucleus.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 3.
All cells posses ribosomes except for which one?
- A.
Bacteria
- B.
Viruses
- C.
Plants
- D.
Animals
- E.
Protists
Correct Answer
B. Viruses -
- 4.
Protozoans have peptidoglycan cell walls.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Bacteria have peptidoglycan cell wallsRate this question:
-
- 5.
Which of these is used for the meaning sphere?
- A.
Bacillus
- B.
Spiral
- C.
Coccus
- D.
Pleiomorphic
Correct Answer
C. Coccus -
- 6.
Which these is used for the meaning rod shaped?
- A.
Bacillus
- B.
Sprial
- C.
Coccus
- D.
Pleiomorphic
Correct Answer
A. Bacillus -
- 7.
Which of these implies no one shape, or many shapes?
- A.
Bacillus
- B.
Spiral
- C.
Coccus
- D.
Pleiomorphic
Correct Answer
D. Pleiomorphic -
- 8.
Which of these implies that the shape is gently curved or corkscrew in shape?
- A.
Bacillus
- B.
Spiral
- C.
Coccus
- D.
Pleiomorphic
Correct Answer
B. Spiral -
- 9.
If a cells shape or arrangement is referred to a diplo, it is...
- A.
In clusters
- B.
In pairs
- C.
In chains
Correct Answer
B. In pairs -
- 10.
If a cells shape or arrangement is referred to a staphylo, it is...
- A.
In clusters
- B.
In pairs
- C.
In chains
Correct Answer
A. In clusters -
- 11.
If a cells shape or arrangement is referred to a strepto, it is...
- A.
In clusters
- B.
In pairs
- C.
In chains
Correct Answer
C. In chains -
- 12.
Which of these is not attached to the cell wall?
- A.
Glycolax
- B.
Flagella
- C.
Cell membrane
- D.
Fimbriae and Pili
Correct Answer
C. Cell membrane -
- 13.
The glycolax can be referred to as the capsule when it is NOT firmly attached.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
only when it is firmly attached.Rate this question:
-
- 14.
The glycolax can be referred to as the slim layer when it is firmly attached.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
only when is it is not firmly attached.Rate this question:
-
- 15.
"Filamentous appendage used for movement." This statement describes which of the following?
- A.
Flagella
- B.
Axial Filament
- C.
Fimbriae and Pili
- D.
Glycolax
Correct Answer
A. Flagella -
- 16.
"A filamentous appendage that coils around a spiral-shaped bacterium." This statement describes which of the following?
- A.
Glycolax
- B.
Fimbriae and Pili
- C.
Axial Filament
- D.
Flagella
Correct Answer
C. Axial Filament -
- 17.
"Appendages for attachment to a substrate." This statement describes which of the following?
- A.
Glycolax
- B.
Fimbriae and Pili
- C.
Axial Filament
- D.
Flagella
Correct Answer
B. Fimbriae and Pili -
- 18.
Which of these do NOT relate to the glycolax? (Choose all those that apply)
- A.
Consists of polysaccharide and/or polypeptides outermost layer
- B.
Cells may have one or many, and can be attached to both ends
- C.
Capsules are important in determining virulence of pathogens
- D.
Protects cell from phagocytosis
- E.
Functions in adherence and formation of biofilms
Correct Answer
B. Cells may have one or many, and can be attached to both ends -
- 19.
Which of these describes the flagellum? (Choose all those that apply)
- A.
Function in movement
- B.
Cells can have either one or more, and attached at both ends
- C.
Wraps around them causing them to move forward
- D.
Occupies the space between the cell wall and the cell membrane
Correct Answer(s)
A. Function in movement
B. Cells can have either one or more, and attached at both ends -
- 20.
A flagellum is connected starting at the basal body which is attached to the cell wall and the (blank).
Correct Answer(s)
Membrane - 21.
The axial filament can also be called the periplasmic flagellum.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 22.
An axial filament only occurs on spiral shaped bacteria (spirochetes), it is most like a flagellum, however
- A.
There are always two, and may have many
- B.
It does not function for movement
- C.
It aids in the adherence to a substrate or host cell
Correct Answer
A. There are always two, and may have many -
- 23.
This description, "shorter and more numerous, allow adherence of a bacterium to a substratum, plays roles in formation of biofilms, and contribute to pathogenicity" describes which of these.
- A.
Fimbriae
- B.
Pili
Correct Answer
A. Fimbriae -
- 24.
The description, "longer and sparse, involved in bacterial conjugation- the transfer of (DNA) from one bacterial cell to another, normally found on gram-negative bacteria' describes which of these.
- A.
Pili
- B.
Fimbriae
Correct Answer
A. Pili -
- 25.
Which of these is NOT a major function of the bacterial cell wall?
- A.
Controls the substances that are transported in and out of the cell
- B.
Protection from osmotic changes
- C.
Determination and maintenance of cell shape
- D.
Cells would burst
Correct Answer
A. Controls the substances that are transported in and out of the cell -
- 26.
Peptidoglycan has a polysaccharide portion and a peptide portion.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 27.
Within peptidoglycan, polypeptide chains are always attached to the
- A.
NAM monosaccharide
- B.
Triglyceride
- C.
NAG monosaccharide
- D.
Polysaccharide
Correct Answer
A. NAM monosaccharide -
- 28.
A gram positive cell wall consists of ________ layers of peptidoglycan surrounding the plasma membrane.
- A.
Five
- B.
Few
- C.
Many
- D.
Two
Correct Answer
C. Many -
- 29.
Techoic acids and lipotechoic acids most likely function in the joining of layers of peptidoglycan and...
- A.
Attaching NAG and NAM monosaccharides
- B.
Forming of the plasma membrane
- C.
Anchoring wall to the plasma membrane
Correct Answer
C. Anchoring wall to the plasma membrane -
- 30.
The gram-negative cell wall is
- A.
More complex than the gram-positive cell wall
- B.
Less complex than the gram-positive cell wall
- C.
Just as complex as the gram-positive cell wall
Correct Answer
A. More complex than the gram-positive cell wall -
- 31.
The gram-negative cell wall consists of _____ layers of peptidoglycan surrounding the plasma membrane and the outer membrane.
- A.
Very few
- B.
Multiple
- C.
A single or very few
- D.
A single
Correct Answer
C. A single or very few -
- 32.
The outer membrane is a phospholipid bilayer like the plasma membrane, but also contains which of the following? (Choose all that apply)
- A.
Lipopolysaccharides which contain Lipid A, an endotoxin, and O polysaccharide, an antigen
- B.
Techoic acids
- C.
Porin proteins, which allow transport of small hydrophillic molecules across the outer membranes
- D.
Granular inclusions which are concentrated areas of inorganic crystals
- E.
Lipoproteins which anchor it to the cell wall and plasma membrane
Correct Answer(s)
A. Lipopolysaccharides which contain Lipid A, an endotoxin, and O polysaccharide, an antigen
C. Porin proteins, which allow transport of small hydrophillic molecules across the outer membranes
E. Lipoproteins which anchor it to the cell wall and plasma membrane -
- 33.
Which of these are outer membrane structure and functions?
- A.
Protect the cell by excluding large toxic molecules
- B.
Contains techoic acids
- C.
Does not contain techoic acids
- D.
Creates a periplasmic space in which there are many enzymes and transport proteins
- E.
Helps to create ribosomes within the cytoplasm
Correct Answer(s)
A. Protect the cell by excluding large toxic molecules
C. Does not contain techoic acids
D. Creates a periplasmic space in which there are many enzymes and transport proteins -
- 34.
Because gram-negative cell walls are thin, this makes them...
- A.
Less susceptible to mechanical breakage than gram-positive
- B.
More susceptible to mechanical breakage than gram-positive
- C.
Just as susceptible to mechanical breakage than gram-positive
Correct Answer
B. More susceptible to mechanical breakage than gram-positive -
- 35.
Gram-negative cell walls are more successful in avoiding poor osmotic conditions, especially when an antibiotic like penicillin is present because
- A.
Of the cell wall
- B.
Of the outer membrane
- C.
Of the endospores
Correct Answer
B. Of the outer membrane -
- 36.
The plasma membrane, chromosome, ribosomes, inclusions, and sometimes endospores are all structures
- A.
Internal to the cell wall
- B.
External to the cell wall
- C.
Within the plasma membrane
Correct Answer
A. Internal to the cell wall -
- 37.
The plasma membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer associated with various nitrates.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
they are associated with various proteins (the fluid-mosaic model)Rate this question:
-
- 38.
Lysozyme is an enzyme which breaks down the _______ bonds between NAG and ______.
- A.
Peptide, DAM
- B.
Polypeptide, NAM
- C.
Glycosidic, NAM
Correct Answer
C. Glycosidic, NAM -
- 39.
Penicillin is an antibiotic that interferes with cell wall synthesis by inhibiting what?
- A.
Membrane formation
- B.
Endospore formation
- C.
Peptide bridge formation
Correct Answer
C. Peptide bridge formation -
- 40.
Gram-positive cells are much more susceptible to lysozyme and penicillin than gram-negative cells.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 41.
What may happen if a cell wall is weakened or destroyed and the cell is in a hypotonic environment?
Correct Answer
Cell lysis - 42.
What are some major functions of the plasma membrane?
- A.
Delineate cell boundary
- B.
Hold in contents
- C.
Control the transportation of substances into and out of the cell
- D.
A and C
- E.
B and C
- F.
All of these
Correct Answer
F. All of these -
- 43.
Bacteria always possess ONE circular piece of DNA, this is their
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Inclusions
- C.
Plasma Membrane
- D.
Chromosome
Correct Answer
D. Chromosome -
- 44.
Bacteria have no membrane bound nucleus, however, the chromosome is attached to the plasma membrane and somewhat localized; this region is sometimes referred to as....
- A.
Cell membrane
- B.
Nucleoid
- C.
Nucleosis
Correct Answer
B. Nucleoid -
- 45.
Ribosomes exist in all bacterial cells.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 46.
Inclusions are storehouses of needed substances such as nutrients.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 47.
Granular inclusions are concentrated areas of what?
- A.
Needed substrates
- B.
Inorganic crystals
- C.
Organic substances
Correct Answer
B. Inorganic crystals -
- 48.
Only certain gram-negative cells can form endospores.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Only certain gram-positive cells can do thisRate this question:
-
- 49.
Are endospores dormant structures that can survive forever and are very difficult to destroy?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
- C.
Sometimes, there are exceptions
Correct Answer
A. Yes -
- 50.
Endospores normally form when the environment is unfriendly, or when the cell may otherwise die. This is normally due to a lack of which?
- A.
Carbon or Nitrogen source
- B.
Sulfur or Phosphate source
- C.
Carbohydrate or Nitrogen source
Correct Answer
A. Carbon or Nitrogen source -
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