Microbiology: Chapter 4

1. Inclusions are storehouses of needed substances such as nutrients.

True

False

2. Which of these implies no one shape, or many shapes?

Bacillus

Spiral

Coccus

Pleiomorphic

3. Viruses are...

Acellular

Cellular

4. Which these is used for the meaning rod shaped?

Bacillus

Sprial

Coccus

Pleiomorphic

5. If a cells shape or arrangement is referred to a diplo, it is...

In clusters

In pairs

In chains

6. Peptidoglycan has a polysaccharide portion and a peptide portion.

True

False

7. The description, "longer and sparse, involved in bacterial conjugation- the transfer of (DNA) from one bacterial cell to another, normally found on gram-negative bacteria' describes which of these.

Pili

Fimbriae

8. Which of these implies that the shape is gently curved or corkscrew in shape?

Bacillus

Spiral

Coccus

Pleiomorphic

9. Ribosomes exist in all bacterial cells.

True

False

10. Prokaryotes possess a nucleus.

True

False

11. If a cells shape or arrangement is referred to a staphylo, it is...

In clusters

In pairs

In chains

12. If a cells shape or arrangement is referred to a strepto, it is...

In clusters

In pairs

In chains

13. Bacteria have no membrane bound nucleus, however, the chromosome is attached to the plasma membrane and somewhat localized; this region is sometimes referred to as....

Cell membrane

Nucleoid

Nucleosis

14. This description, "shorter and more numerous, allow adherence of a bacterium to a substratum, plays roles in formation of biofilms, and contribute to pathogenicity" describes which of these.

Fimbriae

Pili

15. Which of these is used for the meaning sphere?

Bacillus

Spiral

Coccus

Pleiomorphic

16. What type of signal will trigger the beginning of sporulation (spore formation)?

Paracrine

Endocrine

Environmental

17. Are endospores dormant structures that can survive forever and are very difficult to destroy?

Yes

No

Sometimes, there are exceptions

18. "Filamentous appendage used for movement." This statement describes which of the following?

Flagella

Axial Filament

Fimbriae and Pili

Glycolax

19. Because gram-negative cell walls are thin, this makes them...

Less susceptible to mechanical breakage than gram-positive

More susceptible to mechanical breakage than gram-positive

Just as susceptible to mechanical breakage than gram-positive

20. A gram positive cell wall consists of ________ layers of peptidoglycan surrounding the plasma membrane.

Five

Few

Many

Two

21. Bacteria always possess ONE circular piece of DNA, this is their

Ribosomes

Inclusions

Plasma Membrane

Chromosome

22. Gram-positive cells are much more susceptible to lysozyme and penicillin than gram-negative cells.

True

False

23. All cells posses ribosomes except for which one?

Bacteria

Viruses

Plants

Animals

Protists

24. "A filamentous appendage that coils around a spiral-shaped bacterium." This statement describes which of the following?

Glycolax

Fimbriae and Pili

Axial Filament

Flagella

25. Endospores normally form when the environment is unfriendly, or when the cell may otherwise die. This is normally due to a lack of which?

Carbon or Nitrogen source

Sulfur or Phosphate source

Carbohydrate or Nitrogen source

26. "Appendages for attachment to a substrate." This statement describes which of the following?

Glycolax

Fimbriae and Pili

Axial Filament

Flagella

27. The axial filament can also be called the periplasmic flagellum.

True

False

28. The gram-negative cell wall is

More complex than the gram-positive cell wall

Less complex than the gram-positive cell wall

Just as complex as the gram-positive cell wall

29. Penicillin is an antibiotic that interferes with cell wall synthesis by inhibiting what?

Membrane formation

Endospore formation

Peptide bridge formation

30. Protozoans have peptidoglycan cell walls.

True

False

Bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls

Explanation

Bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls

31. The plasma membrane, chromosome, ribosomes, inclusions, and sometimes endospores are all structures

Internal to the cell wall

External to the cell wall

Within the plasma membrane

32. Gram-negative cell walls are more successful in avoiding poor osmotic conditions, especially when an antibiotic like penicillin is present because

Of the cell wall

Of the outer membrane

Of the endospores

33. The glycolax can be referred to as the capsule when it is NOT firmly attached.

True

False

only when it is firmly attached.

Explanation

only when it is firmly attached.

34. Only certain gram-negative cells can form endospores.

True

False

Only certain gram-positive cells can do this

Explanation

Only certain gram-positive cells can do this

35. The glycolax can be referred to as the slim layer when it is firmly attached.

True

False

only when is it is not firmly attached.

Explanation

only when is it is not firmly attached.

36. What are some major functions of the plasma membrane?

Delineate cell boundary

Hold in contents

Control the transportation of substances into and out of the cell

A and C

B and C

All of these

37. An endospore will form and will be ______ to the plasma membrane.

Released

Internal

External

38. An axial filament only occurs on spiral shaped bacteria (spirochetes), it is most like a flagellum, however

There are always two, and may have many

It does not function for movement

It aids in the adherence to a substrate or host cell

39. Which of these do NOT relate to the glycolax? (Choose all those that apply)

Consists of polysaccharide and/or polypeptides outermost layer

Cells may have one or many, and can be attached to both ends

Capsules are important in determining virulence of pathogens

Protects cell from phagocytosis

Functions in adherence and formation of biofilms

40. Which of these is not attached to the cell wall?

Glycolax

Flagella

Cell membrane

Fimbriae and Pili

41. The gram-negative cell wall consists of _____ layers of peptidoglycan surrounding the plasma membrane and the outer membrane.

Very few

Multiple

A single or very few

A single

42. Granular inclusions are concentrated areas of what?

Needed substrates

Inorganic crystals

Organic substances

43. Techoic acids and lipotechoic acids most likely function in the joining of layers of peptidoglycan and...

Attaching NAG and NAM monosaccharides

Forming of the plasma membrane

Anchoring wall to the plasma membrane

44. Within peptidoglycan, polypeptide chains are always attached to the

NAM monosaccharide

Triglyceride

NAG monosaccharide

Polysaccharide

45. Which of these is NOT a major function of the bacterial cell wall?

Controls the substances that are transported in and out of the cell

Protection from osmotic changes

Determination and maintenance of cell shape

Cells would burst

46. Which of these describes the flagellum? (Choose all those that apply)

Function in movement

Cells can have either one or more, and attached at both ends

Wraps around them causing them to move forward

Occupies the space between the cell wall and the cell membrane

Submit

47. Lysozyme is an enzyme which breaks down the _ bonds between NAG and .

Peptide, DAM

Polypeptide, NAM

Glycosidic, NAM

Submit

49. The plasma membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer associated with various nitrates.

True

False

they are associated with various proteins (the fluid-mosaic model)

Explanation

they are associated with various proteins (the fluid-mosaic model)

50. The outer membrane is a phospholipid bilayer like the plasma membrane, but also contains which of the following? (Choose all that apply)

Lipopolysaccharides which contain Lipid A, an endotoxin, and O polysaccharide, an antigen

Techoic acids

Porin proteins, which allow transport of small hydrophillic molecules across the outer membranes

Granular inclusions which are concentrated areas of inorganic crystals

Lipoproteins which anchor it to the cell wall and plasma membrane

Submit

51. Which of these are outer membrane structure and functions?

Protect the cell by excluding large toxic molecules

Contains techoic acids

Does not contain techoic acids

Creates a periplasmic space in which there are many enzymes and transport proteins

Helps to create ribosomes within the cytoplasm

Submit

Microbiology: Chapter 4

1. Inclusions are storehouses of needed substances such as nutrients.

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Which of these implies no one shape, or many shapes?

3. Viruses are...

4. Which these is used for the meaning rod shaped?

5. If a cells shape or arrangement is referred to a diplo, it is...

6. Peptidoglycan has a polysaccharide portion and a peptide portion.

7. The description, "longer and sparse, involved in bacterial conjugation- the transfer of (DNA) from one bacterial cell to another, normally found on gram-negative bacteria' describes which of these.

8. Which of these implies that the shape is gently curved or corkscrew in shape?

9. Ribosomes exist in all bacterial cells.

10. Prokaryotes possess a nucleus.

11. If a cells shape or arrangement is referred to a staphylo, it is...

12. If a cells shape or arrangement is referred to a strepto, it is...

13. Bacteria have no membrane bound nucleus, however, the chromosome is attached to the plasma membrane and somewhat localized; this region is sometimes referred to as....

14. This description, "shorter and more numerous, allow adherence of a bacterium to a substratum, plays roles in formation of biofilms, and contribute to pathogenicity" describes which of these.

15. Which of these is used for the meaning sphere?

16. What type of signal will trigger the beginning of sporulation (spore formation)?

17. Are endospores dormant structures that can survive forever and are very difficult to destroy?

18. "Filamentous appendage used for movement." This statement describes which of the following?

19. Because gram-negative cell walls are thin, this makes them...

20. A gram positive cell wall consists of ________ layers of peptidoglycan surrounding the plasma membrane.

21. Bacteria always possess ONE circular piece of DNA, this is their

22. Gram-positive cells are much more susceptible to lysozyme and penicillin than gram-negative cells.

23. All cells posses ribosomes except for which one?

24. "A filamentous appendage that coils around a spiral-shaped bacterium." This statement describes which of the following?

25. Endospores normally form when the environment is unfriendly, or when the cell may otherwise die. This is normally due to a lack of which?

26. "Appendages for attachment to a substrate." This statement describes which of the following?

27. The axial filament can also be called the periplasmic flagellum.

28. The gram-negative cell wall is

29. Penicillin is an antibiotic that interferes with cell wall synthesis by inhibiting what?

30. Protozoans have peptidoglycan cell walls.

31. The plasma membrane, chromosome, ribosomes, inclusions, and sometimes endospores are all structures

32. Gram-negative cell walls are more successful in avoiding poor osmotic conditions, especially when an antibiotic like penicillin is present because

33. The glycolax can be referred to as the capsule when it is NOT firmly attached.

34. Only certain gram-negative cells can form endospores.

35. The glycolax can be referred to as the slim layer when it is firmly attached.

36. What are some major functions of the plasma membrane?

37. An endospore will form and will be ______ to the plasma membrane.

38. An axial filament only occurs on spiral shaped bacteria (spirochetes), it is most like a flagellum, however

39. Which of these do NOT relate to the glycolax? (Choose all those that apply)

40. Which of these is not attached to the cell wall?

41. The gram-negative cell wall consists of _____ layers of peptidoglycan surrounding the plasma membrane and the outer membrane.

42. Granular inclusions are concentrated areas of what?

43. Techoic acids and lipotechoic acids most likely function in the joining of layers of peptidoglycan and...

44. Within peptidoglycan, polypeptide chains are always attached to the

45. Which of these is NOT a major function of the bacterial cell wall?

46. Which of these describes the flagellum? (Choose all those that apply)

47. Lysozyme is an enzyme which breaks down the _______ bonds between NAG and ______.

48. What may happen if a cell wall is weakened or destroyed and the cell is in a hypotonic environment?

49. The plasma membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer associated with various nitrates.

50. The outer membrane is a phospholipid bilayer like the plasma membrane, but also contains which of the following? (Choose all that apply)

51. Which of these are outer membrane structure and functions?

52. A flagellum is connected starting at the basal body which is attached to the cell wall and the (blank).

47. Lysozyme is an enzyme which breaks down the _ bonds between NAG and .