Medical Vocabulary Quiz 4

Myopia is a condition commonly known as nearsightedness, where individuals have difficulty seeing objects that are far away but can see objects up close clearly. This condition occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. This results in blurred distance vision. Strabismus refers to misalignment of the eyes, farsightedness is the ability to see objects clearly at a distance but not up close, and astigmatism is a condition where the cornea is irregularly shaped, causing blurry vision at all distances.

Tinnitus is the correct answer because it refers to the perception of ringing or buzzing sounds in the ears without any external source. It is a common condition and can be caused by various factors such as exposure to loud noises, age-related hearing loss, earwax blockage, or certain medications. Tinnitus can be temporary or chronic and can vary in intensity. It can significantly impact a person's quality of life, causing annoyance, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating.

Otorrhea is the correct answer because it refers to abnormal drainage from the ear. It is commonly associated with conditions such as ear infections, trauma to the ear, or a ruptured eardrum. Otopathy refers to any disease or disorder of the ear, but it does not specifically indicate abnormal drainage. Otorrhagia refers to bleeding from the ear, while otalgia refers to ear pain. Therefore, otorrhea is the most appropriate term to describe abnormal drainage from the ear.

An audiometer is an instrument used to measure hearing. It is designed to produce pure tones at different frequencies and intensities, which are then presented to the individual being tested. The person responds by indicating when they can hear the sound, allowing the tester to determine the individual's hearing thresholds. This instrument is commonly used in audiology clinics and hearing research to assess hearing loss and determine the appropriate treatment or intervention.

The word root "dacry" is derived from the Greek word "dakryon," which means "tear." Therefore, the correct answer is tear, as it accurately represents the meaning of the word root "dacry."

Photophobia refers to an abnormal sensitivity or intolerance to light. People experiencing photophobia often find bright lights uncomfortable and may experience symptoms such as eye discomfort, squinting, or headaches when exposed to light. Strabismus is a condition where the eyes are misaligned, aphakia refers to the absence of the lens in the eye, and photocoagulation is a medical procedure that uses laser to treat certain eye conditions.

Labyrinthectomy refers to the surgical removal of the labyrinth, which is the inner ear. This procedure is typically performed to treat severe cases of vertigo or hearing loss that do not respond to other treatments. It involves removing the entire labyrinth, including the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals. Labyrinthectomy is a last resort option when all other conservative treatments have failed, as it results in permanent hearing loss in the affected ear.

The pupil is the correct answer because it is the opening in the center of the iris. The iris is the colored part of the eye, and the pupil is the black circular opening in the middle of the iris. It controls the amount of light that enters the eye by dilating or constricting in response to different lighting conditions.

Emmetropia refers to normal vision, where the eye is able to focus on objects both near and far without the need for corrective lenses. It is the absence of refractive errors such as myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness). Presbytropia, on the other hand, refers to the age-related loss of near vision that occurs due to the natural aging process. Therefore, the correct answer is emmetropia.

Nyctalopia is the correct answer because it refers to poor vision at night or in dim light. Retinoblastoma is a type of eye cancer that affects the retina, amblyopia is a condition where one eye has reduced vision, and myopia is nearsightedness. Therefore, nyctalopia is the only term that specifically describes the given symptom.

Tympanoplasty is a medical procedure that involves the surgical repair of the tympanic membrane, commonly known as the eardrum. This procedure is performed to correct any damage or perforation in the eardrum, which can occur due to infections, trauma, or other medical conditions. The surgery aims to restore the normal function of the eardrum and improve hearing. It typically involves grafting a tissue onto the damaged area of the eardrum to promote healing and closure.

Cerumen impaction refers to the excessive buildup of ear wax in the external auditory canal. This can cause a blockage and lead to symptoms such as hearing loss, earache, and a feeling of fullness in the ear. Tinnitus refers to a ringing or buzzing sound in the ears, while vertigo is a sensation of dizziness or spinning. Ceruminoma, on the other hand, is a type of cancer that affects the ear canal and is not related to ear wax buildup.

Otitis media is defined as inflammation of the middle ear. The middle ear is the space behind the eardrum that contains the three small bones called ossicles. Inflammation of the middle ear can be caused by infections, allergies, or blockages in the Eustachian tube. This condition can cause pain, hearing loss, and fluid buildup in the middle ear. Treatment usually involves antibiotics and pain relievers to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms.

The client's complaint of a sensation of dizziness suggests that they are experiencing vertigo. Vertigo is a specific type of dizziness characterized by a spinning or whirling sensation, often accompanied by balance problems and a feeling of being off-balance. It is commonly caused by inner ear problems or issues with the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance. Paracusis refers to difficulty hearing certain sounds, tinnitus refers to a ringing or buzzing sound in the ears, and otosclerosis is a condition that causes hearing loss due to abnormal bone growth in the middle ear.

A cataract is a condition where the lens of the eye becomes less transparent, resulting in blurry or cloudy vision. This reduction in transparency can occur due to various factors such as aging, injury, or certain medical conditions. As the lens becomes cloudy, it prevents light from properly passing through to the retina, leading to vision problems. Cataracts are a common age-related condition and can be treated with surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial one.

Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is a condition where individuals have difficulty focusing on close objects. This occurs when the eyeball is shorter than normal or the cornea is too flat, causing light to focus behind the retina instead of directly on it. As a result, near objects appear blurry while distant objects are clearer. Presbyopia is a condition that occurs with age, causing difficulty in focusing on close objects. Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is the opposite of hyperopia, where individuals have difficulty seeing distant objects clearly. Asthenopia refers to eye strain or fatigue.

The combining form "acoust" refers to the sense of hearing. It is derived from the Greek word "akouo" which means "to hear." This combining form is commonly used in medical terminology to describe conditions or procedures related to the auditory system. For example, "acoustic neuroma" refers to a noncancerous tumor that develops on the nerve responsible for hearing and balance. Therefore, "hearing" is the most appropriate definition for the combining form "acoust."

The term "otopathy" is the correct answer because it refers to any disease or disorder of the ear. It is a general term that encompasses various conditions affecting the ear, such as infections, hearing loss, and structural abnormalities. "Otalgia" refers specifically to ear pain, "otorrhea" refers to abnormal ear discharge, and "otosclerosis" is a condition characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear. Therefore, "otopathy" is the most comprehensive and appropriate term for any disease of the ear.

The conjunctiva is a thin sheet of cells that covers the anterior surface of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. It helps to protect the eye and keep it lubricated by producing mucus and tears. The conjunctiva is not part of the vascular layer (which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid), the choroid, or the retina. Therefore, the correct answer is conjunctiva.

Ophthalmopathy is the correct answer because it is a general term used to describe any disease or disorder of the eye. It encompasses various conditions that can affect different parts of the eye, including the retina, cornea, lens, and optic nerve. Ophthalmopathy is a broad term that can include conditions such as glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, and many others. It is a comprehensive term that is used by healthcare professionals to refer to any disease or disorder that affects the eye.

The correct answer is retina. The retina is a thin layer of neurons located at the back of the eye. It contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones, which are responsible for sensing and transmitting light signals to the brain. The retina plays a crucial role in vision by converting light into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. The other options, sclera, choroid, and cornea, are not involved in the formation of images or light detection in the same way as the retina.

The suffix "-opia" is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to a condition or state of vision. For example, "myopia" refers to nearsightedness, and "hyperopia" refers to farsightedness. Therefore, the correct answer is "vision."

A myringotome is a surgical instrument specifically designed for cutting the eardrum. It is used in procedures such as myringotomy, which involves making a small incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure or drain fluid. The other options listed are not instruments used for cutting the eardrum. A myringoscope is used for examining the eardrum, myringoplasty is a surgical procedure to repair a perforated eardrum, and myringotomy is the actual procedure of making an incision in the eardrum.

A chalazion is a localized swelling at the edge of an eyelid caused by the obstruction of a meibomian gland. This gland produces oil that helps lubricate the eye. When the gland becomes blocked, the oil builds up and forms a lump or bump on the eyelid. Unlike a hordeolum or sty, which are typically painful and caused by an infection, a chalazion is usually painless. Conjunctivitis, on the other hand, refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear tissue that lines the inside of the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye.

Nystagmus refers to involuntary, rhythmic movements of the eye. It is characterized by rapid, repetitive eye movements that can occur horizontally, vertically, or in a rotary manner. These movements can be jerky or smooth and may be present in one or both eyes. Nystagmus can be congenital or acquired and may be associated with various underlying conditions or disorders, such as neurological conditions, inner ear problems, or certain medications. This condition can affect vision and cause symptoms like blurred vision, reduced visual acuity, and difficulty with depth perception.

An audiologist is a healthcare professional who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders related to hearing and balance. They are trained to conduct various tests to assess hearing loss, recommend and fit hearing aids, provide counseling and rehabilitation services to individuals with hearing impairments. Unlike otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, and laryngologists who focus on broader aspects of the ear, nose, and throat, an audiologist specifically focuses on hearing disorders.

The word root 'presby' refers to the concept of "old". This can be inferred from the fact that the other options, such as "fat", "soft", and "hard", do not have any connection to the meaning of the word root. Therefore, the correct answer is "old".

Scleral buckling is the correct answer because it involves the resection of a portion of the sclera (the white outer layer of the eye) and the insertion of an implant to repair a detached retina. This procedure helps to reattach the retina by applying external pressure to the sclera, which supports the retina and prevents further detachment. Iridectomy, vitrectomy, and strabotomy are not relevant to the repair of a detached retina.

Anacusis refers to the complete loss of hearing in both ears. It is a medical term used to describe the condition of total hearing loss. Presbycusis, on the other hand, refers to age-related hearing loss. Otopathy is a general term for any disease or disorder of the ear, while paracusis refers to a condition where a person's hearing is distorted or altered. Therefore, anacusis is the correct answer as it specifically denotes total hearing loss.

Stapedectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the stapes bone in the middle ear and its replacement with a prosthesis. This procedure is performed to restore hearing in individuals with a condition called otosclerosis, where the stapes bone becomes fixed and results in hearing loss. By excising the stapes bone and replacing it with a prosthesis, the surgeon aims to improve the transmission of sound vibrations to the inner ear, thus restoring hearing.

The utricle is not an ossicle of the middle ear. The ossicles of the middle ear are the stapes, malleus, and incus. The utricle, on the other hand, is a part of the vestibular system in the inner ear that helps with balance and orientation.

Blepharoptosis refers to the drooping of the upper eyelid. This condition can occur due to various reasons, such as age-related weakening of the muscles, nerve damage, or trauma. It can result in a partially or fully obstructed field of vision and may require medical intervention depending on its severity. Chalazion, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis are all different eye conditions that do not specifically involve the drooping of the upper eyelid.

Xerophthalmia is the correct answer because it refers to the dryness of the conjunctiva, which is the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. This condition is commonly caused by a deficiency of vitamin A and can lead to symptoms such as dryness, redness, night blindness, and eventually, corneal damage. Chalazion, stye, and xenophthalmia are unrelated conditions and do not involve the dryness of the conjunctiva.

The iris is the correct answer because it is the ring of smooth muscle that forms the colored part of the eye. It is responsible for controlling the size of the pupil and thus regulating the amount of light that enters the eye. The iris also gives the eye its distinct color and can vary in shades from person to person.

The term "palpebr/o" is derived from the Latin word "palpebra" which means eyelid. Therefore, the correct meaning of "palpebr/o" is eyelid.

Otomycosis refers to a fungal infection of the ear. It is characterized by the growth of fungi in the ear canal, causing symptoms such as itching, pain, discharge, and hearing loss. The condition is commonly caused by the overgrowth of Candida or Aspergillus fungi, which thrive in warm and moist environments. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, ear drops, and keeping the ear clean and dry. Otosclerosis, otopyorrhea, and otolith are unrelated conditions and do not involve fungal infections of the ear.

The Eustachian tube is a channel that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. It plays a crucial role in equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment. When there is a difference in pressure, such as during altitude changes or when flying, the Eustachian tube opens up to allow air to flow in or out of the middle ear, ensuring that the pressure is balanced. This helps prevent discomfort, pain, and potential damage to the eardrum.

Paracusis is the medical term for impaired hearing. This condition refers to a partial loss of hearing, where the individual may have difficulty hearing certain sounds or frequencies. It can be caused by various factors, such as age-related hearing loss, exposure to loud noises, or certain medical conditions. Unlike anacusis, which refers to complete hearing loss, paracusis indicates a partial impairment in hearing ability. Otopathy, on the other hand, is a general term for any disease or disorder of the ear. Presbycusis specifically refers to age-related hearing loss.

An iridotomy is a surgical procedure where an incision is made into the iris using a laser. This procedure is commonly performed on patients with glaucoma to create a small hole that allows the aqueous humor to drain from the anterior chamber of the eye. By creating this opening, the pressure within the eye can be reduced, helping to manage the symptoms of glaucoma. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is iridotomy.

The combining form "phac/o" refers to the lens, which is the transparent structure in the eye that helps focus light onto the retina. This combining form is commonly used in medical terms related to the lens, such as "phacoemulsification" which is a surgical procedure to remove a cataract.

The cochlea is located in the inner ear. It is a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. The malleus and stapes are both small bones located in the middle ear, while the auricle is the visible part of the outer ear. Therefore, the correct answer is cochlea.

Cones are the photosensitive receptors in the retina that are responsible for color perception. Unlike rods, which are more sensitive to low light levels and are responsible for black and white vision, cones are specialized for detecting different wavelengths of light and are essential for our ability to see and perceive colors. Therefore, cones play a crucial role in making the perception of color possible.

The suffix '-cusis' is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to a hearing condition. It is derived from the Greek word "kousis" which means "condition of hearing." Therefore, when '-cusis' is added as a suffix to a word, it indicates a specific hearing condition or disorder.

Enucleation is the correct spelling of a medical term. It refers to the surgical removal of an organ or tumor, particularly the removal of an eyeball. The other options, astygmatism, nyctolopia, and opthalmorrhagia, are misspelled or do not exist as medical terms.

The combining form "kerat/o" is used to refer to the cornea. This combining form is derived from the Greek word "keras," meaning horn or cornea. Therefore, "kerat/o" is the correct answer for the combining form of cornea.

The vestibule is the correct answer because it is the chamber that connects the semicircular canals and the cochlea. It contains sensory receptors that are responsible for detecting changes in body position and maintaining equilibrium. The other options, cochlea, mastoid process, and eustachian tube, are not directly related to the function described in the question.

Asthenopia is the correct medical term for eyestrain. It refers to the condition characterized by discomfort or fatigue in the eyes, often caused by prolonged use of the eyes for activities such as reading, using digital devices, or driving. Symptoms of asthenopia may include eye pain, headache, blurred vision, and difficulty focusing. Ophthalmalgia refers to eye pain in general, not specifically eyestrain. Emmetropia refers to normal vision without refractive errors, and astigmatism is a common refractive error that causes blurred or distorted vision.

The term "otodynia" refers to earache. "Otitis" refers to inflammation of the ear, "otic" refers to anything related to the ear, and "mastoidalgia" refers to pain in the mastoid bone behind the ear. However, only "otodynia" specifically means earache.