Medical Laboratory Scientist Certification: Quiz!

The Ebola virus disease can be transmitted through contamination from urine, blood, semen, and sweat. This means that any contact with these bodily fluids can potentially lead to the transmission of the virus. It is important to take precautions and practice good hygiene to prevent the spread of the disease.

The Coombs test is used to diagnose autoimmune hemolytic anemia. This test detects the presence of antibodies that are attacking and destroying red blood cells in the body. In autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that target and destroy its own red blood cells. The Coombs test helps identify these antibodies and confirms the diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. This test is not specific to any other disease mentioned in the options.

The correct answer is "a. enlighten". To educate means to provide knowledge or information to someone in order to enlighten or broaden their understanding. It involves teaching and instructing individuals in various subjects or skills to enhance their intellectual or personal development. The other options, such as "b) lazy", "c) communicate", and "d) unpolished", do not accurately define the term "educate".

A complete haemogram is a blood test that provides information about various components of the blood. It can help in the diagnosis and screening of different disease states. Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, and a complete haemogram can detect this. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the white blood cells, and a complete haemogram can help in its detection. Inflammatory processes in the body can also be identified through changes in the blood parameters, which can be assessed by a complete haemogram. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

The correct answer is b) stiff. Tense refers to a state of being rigid, tight, or not easily bent. It is often used to describe a physical condition where muscles or body parts are not relaxed and are held in a fixed position.

The best method to diagnose malarial parasite in the laboratory is through the examination of both thick and thin films. Thick films allow for the concentration of parasites, making it easier to detect low levels of infection. On the other hand, thin films provide a clearer view of the morphology of the parasites, allowing for species identification and accurate quantification. Therefore, using both thick and thin films increases the chances of detecting and accurately diagnosing malarial parasites in the laboratory.

The activities mentioned in the question are related to the pre-analytical stage of a test procedure. This stage involves preparing the samples and reagents before the actual analysis. Bringing reagents and samples to room temperature and identifying samples with their manifests are all part of the pre-analytical stage as they ensure that the samples and reagents are ready for analysis. However, recording test results is not an activity that takes place at the pre-analytical stage. It is typically done during or after the analytical stage, where the actual testing and analysis of the samples occur.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) refers to a range of protective gear designed to protect individuals from hazards or risks in the workplace. This includes hand gloves, eye goggles, hand sanitizers, laboratory coats, and face masks. PPE acts as a barrier between the person and the potential dangers, providing protection against physical, chemical, biological, or airborne hazards. It is essential to wear appropriate PPE to ensure the safety and well-being of individuals in various industries or environments.

High density lipoprotein (HDL) is commonly referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and carries it back to the liver for processing and elimination. This process can help reduce the risk of developing heart disease. LDL, on the other hand, is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries. VLDL and PBL are not typically associated with the term "good" cholesterol.

BATTON is defined as a strip of wood. This term refers to a long, narrow piece of wood that is often used for various purposes such as construction, carpentry, or furniture-making. It is typically flat and rectangular in shape, and it can be used for structural support, as a reinforcement, or as a decorative element. In this context, the term "BATTON" specifically refers to a strip of wood, making option b) the correct definition.

The pattern in the given sequence is that each number is obtained by adding the next prime number to the previous number. Starting with 2, we add 3 to get 5, then add 5 to get 10, and so on. Therefore, the next number in the sequence would be obtained by adding 7 to 23, which gives us 30.

To find the value of 4x, we need to first solve the given equation 3x - 2 = 7. Adding 2 to both sides of the equation, we get 3x = 9. Now, to find the value of 4x, we multiply both sides of the equation by 4, giving us 4x = 36/4 = 9. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) 12.

The cellophane tape method is used to collect a specimen when Enterobius vermicularis is suspected. This method involves pressing a piece of transparent tape against the perianal area to collect any eggs or adult worms that may be present. The tape is then placed on a glass slide and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of the parasite. This method is simple, non-invasive, and effective for diagnosing Enterobius vermicularis infections.

Ebola virus is classified as an RNA virus. RNA viruses have RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA. Ebola virus belongs to the family Filoviridae and is known for causing severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates. The virus is characterized by its filamentous shape and is transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. Being an RNA virus, Ebola virus has a high mutation rate, which contributes to its ability to adapt and evolve rapidly, posing challenges for treatment and prevention strategies.

The word "dilate" means to enlarge or expand. Therefore, the opposite of "dilate" would be to make something smaller or reduce its size. The word "shrink" fits this definition and is the correct opposite of "dilate".

The specimen collected for testing Ebola Virus disease should be stored at 2-8 degrees Celsius. This temperature range is necessary to maintain the integrity and viability of the virus in the specimen. Storing the specimen at lower temperatures may cause the virus to become inactive or degrade, while storing it at higher temperatures may accelerate the breakdown of the virus. Therefore, maintaining a temperature of 2-8 degrees Celsius is crucial to ensure accurate and reliable testing for Ebola Virus disease.

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) was first discovered in 1976. This is the correct answer because it aligns with historical records and scientific research. In that year, there were two simultaneous outbreaks of the Ebola virus in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. These outbreaks led to the identification and subsequent study of the virus, leading to its classification as a new and highly dangerous disease. Since then, multiple outbreaks of EVD have occurred, with varying degrees of severity and impact on public health.

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The opposite of "sedentary" refers to something that is constantly moving or migrating. Therefore, the correct answer is b) Migratory.

B-lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response. One of their main functions is to produce and secrete surface immunoglobulin, also known as antibodies. These antibodies bind to specific antigens, such as bacteria or viruses, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. This secretion of surface immunoglobulin by B-lymphocytes is essential for the body's defense against infections and is a characteristic feature of these cells.

The correct answer is D) Barrel shape. The ova of the parasite Trichuris trichiura have a characteristic appearance of being barrel-shaped when viewed under a microscope. This shape is distinct and helps in identifying the presence of the parasite in a sample. Other shapes mentioned in the options, such as round, oval, spherical, and cylindrical, do not accurately describe the shape of the ova of Trichuris trichiura.

CD4 T-lymphocytes are the main target of HIV infection. The virus binds to the CD4 receptor on the surface of these cells and enters them, leading to their destruction. Monocytes, macrophages, and CD8 T-lymphocytes can also be infected by HIV, although to a lesser extent compared to CD4 T-lymphocytes. Therefore, the correct answer is CD4, as it is the only class mentioned that is specifically targeted and destroyed by HIV.

Extravascular haemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells outside of blood vessels. One of the characteristic features of extravascular haemolysis is jaundice. Jaundice occurs when there is an accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow pigment, in the body. In extravascular haemolysis, the breakdown of red blood cells leads to an increased release of bilirubin, which then accumulates in the tissues, causing a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes. Therefore, jaundice is a common manifestation of extravascular haemolysis.

The relationship between FUNNY and CLOWN is that a clown is often associated with being funny. Similarly, a show off is someone who is often associated with being flamboyant. Both pairs exhibit a similar relationship where one term is closely associated with the other.

The social structure of India was rigidly hierarchical with rich whites at the summit of the edifice. Hidebound notions of 'castle' deterred 'colored' from moving freely within the system.

The accole form of the plasmodium parasite is seen on the periphery of the red blood cell. This means that the parasite attaches itself to the outer edge of the red blood cell. This is an important characteristic of the parasite as it allows it to evade the immune system and continue its life cycle within the host. By attaching to the periphery of the red blood cell, the parasite can avoid detection and destruction by the immune system, allowing it to survive and reproduce.

Red is the color code for the entry of laboratory reagent/commodity on tally cards in the store. This color is commonly used to signify caution or danger, and it is likely chosen to indicate that the reagent or commodity requires special attention or handling. Using color codes helps to easily identify and categorize different items in the store, making it more efficient to manage inventory and track usage.

The correct answer is that the ova of S. haematobium has a terminal spine. This means that the eggs of S. haematobium have a spine located at one end. This is a distinguishing characteristic of this species of schistosoma.

Crystal violet blood agar is a selective medium for beta-hemolytic streptococci. This means that it promotes the growth of beta-hemolytic streptococci while inhibiting the growth of other organisms. Crystal violet is a dye that inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria, allowing for the selective growth of beta-hemolytic streptococci. Additionally, blood agar provides essential nutrients for bacterial growth. Beta-hemolytic streptococci are a group of bacteria that can cause various infections, such as strep throat and skin infections. Therefore, crystal violet blood agar is a useful medium for isolating and identifying these bacteria.

The correct answer is Enterobius vermicularis. This is because Enterobius vermicularis is not a trematode, but rather a nematode or roundworm. Trematodes, also known as flukes, are a type of parasitic flatworm that typically infect the digestive system or blood vessels of their hosts. Examples of trematodes include Fasciolopsis buski, Diphyllobotrium latum, Hymenolepsis diminuta, and Schistosoma heamatobium. Enterobius vermicularis, on the other hand, is a common human parasite that causes the infection known as pinworm.

Band forms are immature neutrophils that are released into the bloodstream in response to infection or inflammation. In peripheral blood film examination, the presence of band forms indicates an ongoing infection. Among the given options, P. malariae is the correct answer because it is a species of malaria parasite that can cause infection in humans. The presence of band forms in the peripheral blood film examination suggests an infection with P. malariae.

If qx - py = 26, then multiplying both sides of the equation by 3 gives us 3(qx - py) = 3(26), which simplifies to 3qx - 3py = 78. Therefore, the correct answer is 78.

The given options do not include any specific organisms that are considered strict anaerobes. The correct answer is "None of the above" because none of the options provided include the correct organisms.

The statement "As with most bacterial infections, WBC count is usually high" is not agreed upon because in the diagnosis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever, the WBC count is typically normal or only slightly elevated. This is because these infections are caused by intracellular bacteria that do not elicit a strong immune response, leading to a relatively low WBC count.

To find the value of -x^3 - y^3 + z, we substitute the given values of x, y, and z into the equation.
Plugging in x = -3, y = -2, and z = 4, we get:
-(-3)^3 - (-2)^3 + 4 = -(-27) - (-8) + 4 = 27 + 8 + 4 = 39.
Therefore, the correct answer is not 19 but -13.

The given statement is incorrect because the oxidase test is used to differentiate between enterobacteria and other gram-negative bacteria. Enterobacteria are typically oxidase-negative, meaning they do not produce the enzyme oxidase, while other gram-negative bacteria like Pseudomonas and Neisseria are oxidase-positive. Therefore, the oxidase test is not used to differentiate between different species of enterobacteria.

A size 23 SWG needle would be recommended for pediatric venipuncture. This size is commonly used for pediatric patients as it is small enough to minimize discomfort but still allows for adequate blood flow. Using a smaller needle size, such as 28, may cause unnecessary pain and difficulty in obtaining a blood sample. Larger needle sizes, such as 21, 18, or 16, may increase the risk of hematoma formation or damage to the vein in pediatric patients. Therefore, a size 23 needle is the most appropriate choice for pediatric venipuncture.

The presence of Anti-HBc IgM is not usually seen in a hepatitis B carrier with chronic active hepatitis. Anti-HBc IgM is an antibody that is typically present during the acute phase of hepatitis B infection. In chronic active hepatitis, the infection has persisted for a longer period of time, and the presence of Anti-HBc IgM suggests ongoing active viral replication. Therefore, the absence of Anti-HBc IgM indicates that the infection is not in an acute phase and is more likely in a chronic phase.

The presence of nitrites and leukocytes in a urinalysis result is indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Nitrites are produced by certain bacteria that cause UTIs, and leukocytes are white blood cells that indicate an immune response to an infection. Leukocytosis refers to an increased number of white blood cells in the blood, which is not directly related to the presence of nitrites and leukocytes in the urine. Viral and parasitic infections are not typically associated with the presence of nitrites and leukocytes in the urine. Therefore, the correct answer is UTI.

To find the grade Said must get on his fourth test to have an overall average of 90, we can set up the following equation: (88 + 88 + 88 + x)/4 = 90. To solve for x, we can multiply both sides of the equation by 4 to get 88 + 88 + 88 + x = 360. Then we can subtract 264 from both sides to get x = 96. Therefore, Said must get a grade of 96 on his fourth test to have an overall average of 90.

The given statement "Incubation period for Ebola virus disease 21 days" is incorrect. The incubation period for Ebola virus disease can range from 2 to 21 days, with an average of 8 to 10 days.

In the brief but blood melee following the war, some of the Emir's most prominent vassals lost their lives and the prince was wounded.

A weakly positive or completely non-reactive tuberculin test does not necessarily exclude active tuberculosis. It is possible for individuals with active TB to have a weak or negative reaction to the test, especially in cases of severe immune compromise or advanced disease. Therefore, a weakly positive or non-reactive test result should not be used to rule out active TB and further diagnostic tests should be considered.

HIV Quantiferon is not useful in monitoring an HIV patient because it is a test used to detect tuberculosis infection, not HIV. CD4 count, Viral Load, Urea, FBC creatinine, and LFT are all relevant tests for monitoring an HIV patient's health and progression of the disease.

Immunohistochemistry is a technique used to detect specific antigens in tissues using antibodies. In the case of Ebola, immunohistochemistry can be used to detect the presence of Ebola virus antigens in tissue samples. This method allows for retrospective diagnosis, meaning that it can be used to confirm the presence of Ebola in samples collected after the initial infection. The other options listed, RG-PCR, serology, and electrophoresis, are not typically used for retrospective diagnosis of Ebola.

If the book is on sale for ₦48, which is a 20% discount off the list price, it means that the list price of the book is ₦60. To find out how much you would pay if you got a 30% discount off the list price, you need to calculate 30% of ₦60. 30% of ₦60 is ₦18. Subtracting ₦18 from ₦60 gives ₦42, which is the amount you would pay with a 30% discount off the list price. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) ₦42.

Plastic tubes are the most appropriate container to sample for testing Ebola virus disease because plastic is a non-porous material that can effectively contain and prevent leakage of the virus. Unlike glass, plastic is less prone to breakage, reducing the risk of accidental exposure to the virus. Additionally, plastic tubes can be easily sealed and transported safely to the laboratory for testing.

When the marbles are counted out 3 at a time, 1 is left over. This means that the total number of marbles is not divisible by 3, but it is divisible by 3 minus 1. Similarly, when the marbles are counted out 4 at a time, 3 are left over. This means that the total number of marbles is not divisible by 4, but it is divisible by 4 minus 3. The only number that satisfies both conditions is 55, as it is not divisible by 3 but is divisible by 4 minus 3. Therefore, the answer is 55.

The minimum volume of whole blood required for testing of Ebola virus disease is 4ml. This amount is sufficient for conducting the necessary diagnostic tests for detecting the presence of the virus. It is important to have an adequate volume of blood to ensure accurate and reliable results.

The fare for the first one-fifth kilometer is ₦100. The remaining 2.5 - 0.2 = 2.3 kilometers are charged at ₦20 per one-fifth kilometer. Since 2.3 is greater than 1, we round up to the nearest whole number, which is 3. Therefore, the additional fare for the remaining distance is 3 * ₦20 = ₦60. Adding the fare for the first one-fifth kilometer to the additional fare gives ₦100 + ₦60 = ₦160. Hence, the correct fare for a 2.5km trip is ₦320.