Medical Ethics 2nd Exam
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- 1.
Which of the followings mismatch:
- A.
Agent >>>> deontological theories
- B.
Action >>>> virtue theories
- C.
Consequence >>>> utilitarianism
- D.
All the above
- E.
None
- F.
A+B only
Correct Answer
F. A+B onlyExplanation
The correct answer is A+B only. This means that both the agent and action categories do not match with their respective theories. Deontological theories focus on the moral duty of the agent rather than the consequences of their actions, so the agent category should not be associated with deontological theories. Similarly, virtue theories emphasize the character and virtues of the agent, not the actions they perform, so the action category should not be associated with virtue theories. The consequence category correctly matches with utilitarianism, as utilitarianism considers the consequences of actions to determine their moral worth.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the followings is correct:
- A.
Each ethical theory must be used separated from other theories
- B.
Ethical theories bring significant characteristics to the decision-making process
- C.
(telos) a Greek term that stands for >>>consequences
- D.
More than one answer
- E.
All the answers are correct
Correct Answer
B. Ethical theories bring significant characteristics to the decision-making processExplanation
Ethical theories bring significant characteristics to the decision-making process. Ethical theories provide frameworks and principles that guide individuals in making moral decisions. These theories offer different perspectives and considerations, such as the consequences of actions (telos), duties and obligations (deontology), or the overall happiness and well-being of individuals (utilitarianism). By utilizing ethical theories, individuals can analyze and evaluate the moral implications of their choices, ensuring that their decisions are well-informed and ethically sound. This recognition of the value and contribution of ethical theories to decision-making makes this statement correct.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The golden rule of deontology is:
- A.
One has the duty or obligation to do the right thing regardless of outcome
- B.
Act always as if what you do would become a universal rule
- C.
Greatest benefits for the greatest people
- D.
A+B
Correct Answer
B. Act always as if what you do would become a universal ruleExplanation
The golden rule of deontology states that one should act always as if what they do would become a universal rule. This means that individuals should consider the moral implications of their actions and act in a way that they would want everyone else to act in similar situations. It emphasizes the importance of following moral principles and duty, rather than focusing solely on the outcome or consequences of one's actions. This principle promotes consistency and universality in ethical decision-making.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which theory is a required one for the industrialized and technological societies :
- A.
Deontology
- B.
Utilitarianism
- C.
Virtue
- D.
Justice
Correct Answer
B. UtilitarianismExplanation
Utilitarianism is the correct answer because it is a theory that focuses on maximizing overall happiness and well-being for the majority of people. In industrialized and technological societies, where there are complex systems and interdependencies, the utilitarian approach is often necessary to make decisions that have the greatest positive impact on the society as a whole. This theory prioritizes the greatest good for the greatest number of people, which aligns with the goals and values of industrialized and technological societies.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The virtues are formed by
- A.
One's personality
- B.
Social training
- C.
Professional standards
- D.
Parental training
- E.
All the answers
- F.
All the answers except C
Correct Answer
E. All the answersExplanation
The correct answer is "all the answers." This implies that the virtues can be formed by one's personality, social training, professional standards, and parental training. It suggests that all of these factors play a role in shaping an individual's virtues.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Choose the correct answer
- A.
Virtues in healthcare are guidance on good character only
- B.
Virtue ethics has emerged due to perceived deficits
- C.
Deontological theory can find a resolution of conflicts among persons who disagree
- D.
Deontological theory aims to maximize the good and minimize the harm
- E.
All the answers are correct
Correct Answer
B. Virtue ethics has emerged due to perceived deficits -
- 7.
Principlism is:
- A.
The most popular framework for healthcare
- B.
It aims to be compatible with the religious beliefs system of each communities
- C.
It brings the best elements of healthcare theories all together
- D.
It brings the best elements of ethical theories all together
- E.
All the answers are correct except C
- F.
All the answers are correct except D
Correct Answer
E. All the answers are correct except CExplanation
Principlism is a framework for healthcare that aims to be compatible with the religious belief systems of different communities. It brings together the best elements of healthcare theories and ethical theories. This means that it incorporates the most popular framework for healthcare, is compatible with religious beliefs, and brings together the best elements of ethical theories. The correct answer states that all the answers are correct except for C, which implies that C is not a characteristic of principlism.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the followings is correct :
- A.
In American medicine the ethical values take preseance over informed consent
- B.
The principle of non-maleficene is absolute
- C.
The principle of maleficence asserts an obligation not to inflect harm intentionally
- D.
None is correct
Correct Answer
D. None is correctExplanation
None of the statements provided are correct. In American medicine, informed consent is highly valued and considered essential for ethical practice. The principle of non-maleficence states that healthcare professionals should do no harm, but it is not an absolute principle as there may be situations where harm is unintentionally caused for the greater good. Therefore, the statement that the principle of non-maleficence is absolute is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The common thing between teleological and virtue theories :
- A.
The analysis of the goodness of action too
- B.
The emphasis on the moral agent
- C.
They both about an individual of good character doing the right thing
- D.
All the answers are correct
Correct Answer
A. The analysis of the goodness of action tooExplanation
Both teleological and virtue theories focus on the analysis of the goodness of action. They both consider the moral agent and the importance of an individual with good character doing the right thing. Therefore, the common thing between these two theories is their emphasis on evaluating the moral worth of actions and the role of the individual in making ethical choices.Rate this question:
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- 10.
American culture rarely used truth telling until ...:
- A.
1980
- B.
1970
- C.
1950s
- D.
1990s
- E.
None
Correct Answer
B. 1970Explanation
American culture rarely used truth telling until the 1970s. This suggests that prior to this decade, truth telling was not a common practice or value in American society. It implies that honesty and transparency were not highly valued or prioritized in interpersonal relationships, social interactions, or even in public discourse. However, it does not specify any particular event or reason for the shift in the 1970s.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The risk and risk benefit must be calculated according to which principle ??
- A.
Maleficence
- B.
Justice
- C.
Beneficence
- D.
Non_maleficence
- E.
None
Correct Answer
D. Non_maleficenceExplanation
The principle of non-maleficence states that healthcare professionals must do no harm to the patient. When calculating the risk and risk benefit, this principle emphasizes the importance of avoiding any potential harm or negative consequences to the patient. It requires healthcare professionals to prioritize the well-being and safety of the patient above all else.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The first consideration of the principle of beneficence :
- A.
Patients welfare
- B.
The wellbeing of others
- C.
The patients' autonomy
- D.
None
Correct Answer
A. Patients welfareExplanation
The first consideration of the principle of beneficence is the welfare of the patients. This means that the primary concern should be to promote the well-being and best interests of the patients. This includes providing them with the necessary care, treatment, and support to improve their health and quality of life. The principle of beneficence emphasizes the importance of acting in the best interest of the patients and ensuring that their needs and preferences are taken into account.Rate this question:
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- 13.
How the morphine hastening the demise
- A.
Weakness in the body muscles
- B.
Suppression of respiratory system
- C.
It affects the immune system
- D.
All the answers are correct
Correct Answer
B. Suppression of respiratory systemExplanation
Morphine hastens the demise by suppressing the respiratory system. Morphine is a powerful opioid analgesic that acts on the central nervous system to relieve pain. It depresses the respiratory centers in the brain, leading to a decrease in the rate and depth of breathing. This can result in respiratory depression, which can be fatal if not monitored and managed properly. Therefore, the suppression of the respiratory system is a valid explanation for how morphine can hasten the demise.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The principle of autonomy includes all the following except:
- A.
Telling the truth
- B.
Confidentiality
- C.
Informed consent
- D.
The right of respect and dignity
- E.
Full participation in the treatment
- F.
All the above answers are included
Correct Answer
F. All the above answers are includedExplanation
The principle of autonomy in healthcare ethics encompasses various aspects such as telling the truth, maintaining confidentiality, obtaining informed consent, respecting the right and dignity of patients, and ensuring their full participation in the treatment process. Therefore, the correct answer is that all the above answers are included in the principle of autonomy.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which theory is based on explicit grounding in the community
- A.
Virtue theory
- B.
Deontological theory
- C.
Teleological theory
Correct Answer
A. Virtue theoryExplanation
Virtue theory is based on explicit grounding in the community because it emphasizes the importance of developing good character traits and moral virtues through social interactions and cultural norms. This theory suggests that ethical behavior is achieved by embodying virtues such as honesty, kindness, and justice, which are valued and reinforced within a specific community or society. By focusing on the cultivation of these virtues, individuals are able to contribute positively to their community and promote the common good.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which one of the theories would never justify lying on the patient
- A.
Deontological theory
- B.
Teleological theorie
- C.
Virtue theorie
Correct Answer
A. Deontological theoryExplanation
Deontological theory is an ethical framework that focuses on the moral duty and obligation to follow certain rules or principles. It emphasizes the importance of acting in accordance with these rules, regardless of the consequences or outcomes. Lying is generally considered morally wrong according to deontological theory because it violates the principle of honesty and goes against the duty to tell the truth. Therefore, deontological theory would never justify lying on the patient.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of these theories combine the strength of the two others
- A.
Teleological
- B.
Virtue
- C.
Deontological
- D.
None
Correct Answer
B. VirtueExplanation
The virtue theory combines the strengths of the teleological and deontological theories. Teleological theories focus on the consequences of actions, while deontological theories emphasize the moral duty or obligation to act in a certain way. The virtue theory, on the other hand, emphasizes the development of virtuous character traits and the importance of cultivating moral virtues in order to make ethical decisions. By combining the strengths of both teleological and deontological theories, the virtue theory provides a comprehensive approach to ethics that considers both the consequences of actions and the moral character of the individual.Rate this question:
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- 18.
On of the followings is correct :
- A.
Electronic database is the only obstacle to the practice of confidentiality
- B.
Disclosure is comprehension of the information given
- C.
Coercion is not supposed to be in the informed consent
- D.
Incentives don't affect the informed consent
Correct Answer
C. Coercion is not supposed to be in the informed consentExplanation
Coercion refers to the act of using force or threats to make someone do something against their will. In the context of informed consent, it is important that the individual gives their consent voluntarily, without any form of coercion. Coercion undermines the principle of autonomy and the individual's ability to make an informed decision. Therefore, it is not supposed to be present in the process of informed consent.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The principle of justice include all the followings except
- A.
Fairly treatment of everyone
- B.
Equity in distribution the benefits and burdens
- C.
Respect the law
- D.
Greater good of society
- E.
More than one answer
- F.
None
Correct Answer
F. NoneExplanation
The principle of justice encompasses various aspects such as fair treatment of everyone, equity in distributing benefits and burdens, respecting the law, and considering the greater good of society. Therefore, none of the options listed is excluded from the principle of justice.Rate this question:
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- 20.
According to Person's view the doctor-patint relationship is supposed to be:
- A.
affective neutral
- B.
Diffuse
- C.
Particularism
- D.
More than one answer is correct
Correct Answer
A. affective neutralExplanation
In the given question, the correct answer is "affective neutral." This means that according to the person's view, the doctor-patient relationship is expected to be emotionally detached or devoid of strong emotions. The term "affective" refers to emotions or feelings, while "neutral" implies a lack of bias or strong emotional involvement. Therefore, the person believes that a doctor-patient relationship should be based on professionalism and objectivity rather than personal emotions or attachments.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Probability strategy is
- A.
Assume a condition rather than deny it
- B.
Assume that symptoms are trivial
- C.
Check out as many as possible
- D.
The Dr assumes that a really sick will be picked up any way
- E.
The fear of certainty diagnosis
- F.
B+D
Correct Answer
F. B+DExplanation
The correct answer is B+D. This is because the probability strategy involves assuming a condition rather than denying it, and also assuming that symptoms are trivial. By checking out as many possibilities as possible, the doctor assumes that a really sick patient will be picked up anyway. This strategy is likely driven by the fear of a certain diagnosis.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which sentence is correct ?
- A.
The Pt can evaluate doctor knowledge effectively
- B.
Dr gains his/her knowledge only from the medical college
- C.
Anesthesia is an example on "activity-passivitey" relationship
- D.
Both particularism and specificity have the same definition
- E.
The doctors just have duties and no rights
- F.
More than one answer is correct
Correct Answer
C. Anesthesia is an example on "activity-passivitey" relationship -
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Dec 07, 2015Quiz Created by
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