Basic Structure Of Matter: Trivia Questions Quiz

All matter is made up of atoms or molecules. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter, and molecules are formed when two or more atoms chemically bond together. Therefore, everything around us, including solids, liquids, and gasses, is composed of atoms or molecules. Hence, the correct answer is true.

Ionic compounds consist of positively and negatively charged ions held together by strong electrostatic forces called ionic bonds. In solid form, these compounds typically form a crystalline lattice structure, which makes them hard and brittle. When dissolved in water or melted, ionic compounds can conduct electricity due to the presence of free-moving ions. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because ionic compounds are not composed of discrete molecules, do not always exist as liquids, and do not involve covalent bonding.

Aluminum (Al) is a pure substance. This is because it is a chemical element that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. It consists of only one type of atom, making it a homogeneous substance with uniform properties throughout.

Chemical properties involve the formation of a new substance. This means that when a chemical reaction occurs, the original substances react and rearrange their atoms to form new substances with different properties. This is different from physical properties, which do not involve a change in the chemical composition of a substance.

Changing the amount of energy or pressure can indeed affect the states of matter. Increasing the energy or pressure can cause a substance to change from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas, while decreasing the energy or pressure can cause the reverse to happen. This is because energy and pressure can affect the intermolecular forces between particles, causing them to either break apart or come closer together, resulting in a change in the state of matter. Therefore, the statement is true.

When a substance goes from a solid to a liquid, it is called melting. This process occurs when heat is applied to the solid, causing the particles to gain energy and vibrate more rapidly. As a result, the attractive forces between the particles weaken, allowing them to move more freely and form a liquid state.

The given correct answer is "Heterogeneous." An oil and water mixture is considered heterogeneous because it consists of two immiscible substances, oil and water, that do not mix evenly. Instead, they form distinct layers or phases within the mixture. This can be observed when oil and water are combined, and the oil floats on top of the water, forming separate layers.

O2 is a molecule because it consists of two oxygen atoms bonded together. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms chemically combine, and in the case of O2, the oxygen atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule. Therefore, O2 meets the criteria of being a molecule.

A compound is defined as a substance that is composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. Therefore, a molecule must contain more than one element in order to be considered a compound. If a molecule consists of only one element, it is referred to as an element or a pure substance, not a compound. Hence, the statement given in the question is false.

Air is considered a mixture because it is composed of various gasses such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gasses. These gasses are not chemically combined and can be separated from each other through physical means, such as by using fractional distillation. Therefore, air does not have a fixed composition and is classified as a mixture rather than a pure substance.

Apple juice is considered a mixture because it is composed of multiple substances that are not chemically combined. It is made by extracting the juice from apples, which contains a combination of water, sugars, vitamins, minerals, and other compounds. These components can be separated from each other through physical means, such as filtration or evaporation. Therefore, apple juice does not have a fixed composition and can vary depending on the variety of apples used and the processing methods employed, making it a mixture rather than a pure substance.

Dry ice going from a solid directly to a gas is an example of sublimation. Sublimation is the process in which a substance transitions directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. In the case of dry ice, which is solid carbon dioxide, it undergoes sublimation when exposed to atmospheric pressure, causing it to change directly into a gas. This is why dry ice "disappears" and turns into a gas without leaving behind any liquid residue.

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together, while a compound is a type of molecule that is made up of different elements. Therefore, it is possible to have a molecule that consists of only one type of element, such as oxygen gas (O2), which is not a compound.

100% pure orange juice is a mixture because it is made up of different components. Orange juice contains water, sugars, acids, vitamins, minerals, and other compounds that make up its distinct flavor and nutritional profile. These components are not chemically bonded together and can be separated through physical processes such as filtration or evaporation. Therefore, orange juice is considered a mixture rather than a pure substance.

The given question asks for the state of matter that is being described. The options provided are solid, liquid, and gas. The correct answer is gas.

Atoms are mostly empty space because they consist of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons that occupy a larger volume. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, which have mass and take up a small fraction of the atom's total volume. The electrons, on the other hand, are much smaller and move around the nucleus in specific energy levels. The vast majority of an atom's volume is therefore empty space, with the electrons occupying relatively small regions around the nucleus.

The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number of an element, which is unique to each element. This number defines the element's identity and distinguishes it from other elements. The number of protons also determines the chemical properties of an element, as it determines the arrangement of electrons in the atom's electron shells. Therefore, the number of protons is what makes the atoms of one element different from the atoms of another element.

Molecular compounds are composed of atoms bonded covalently to form discrete molecules. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, leading to the formation of a stable molecule. Unlike ionic compounds, molecular compounds do not conduct electricity in solid form because they lack free ions or electrons. Instead, they can conduct electricity if ionized in solution or subjected to specific conditions. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because molecular compounds are not composed of ions, do not always conduct electricity, and form covalent rather than ionic bonds.

During sublimation, a substance transitions directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. This process requires energy input to break the intermolecular forces holding the solid together and to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles in the gas phase. Therefore, energy is gained during sublimation.

O2 is not a compound because it consists of two oxygen atoms bonded together, making it a molecule. A compound is formed when different elements combine chemically. Since O2 is made up of only one type of element, it cannot be classified as a compound.

The periodic table consists of 118 known elements, out of which 94 are naturally occurring elements. Naturally occurring elements are those that are found in nature without being synthesized or created artificially. These elements are present in various proportions in the Earth's crust, atmosphere, oceans, and living organisms.

When water vapor in the air comes into contact with a cold surface, such as the outside of a glass filled with a cold drink, it loses heat and transforms into liquid water. This process is called condensation.

The correct answer is elements and compounds. Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and are made up of only one type of atom. Compounds, on the other hand, are substances that are made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined together. Therefore, elements and compounds are the only two types of pure substances, as they have distinct compositions and properties.

The image likely shows two distinct compounds.

When multiple pure substances are added together, it is called a mixture. A mixture is formed when two or more substances are combined physically, without any chemical reaction taking place. In a mixture, the individual substances retain their own properties and can be separated by physical means, such as filtration or evaporation. This is different from a compound, where two or more elements chemically combine to form a new substance with different properties.

Deposition is the process in which a substance transitions directly from a gas to a solid state without passing through the liquid phase. This occurs when the temperature of the gas decreases below its sublimation point, causing the gas molecules to lose energy and come together to form a solid. The other options, melting, sublimation, and freezing, involve different phase changes, but deposition specifically refers to the transition from gas to solid.

When a substance changes from a liquid to a gas, it does not lose mass. The mass of a substance remains constant during the phase change. The change from liquid to gas is a physical change, where the substance's particles gain enough energy to break free from the attractive forces holding them together in the liquid state. However, the total mass of the substance remains the same, as no particles are lost or gained in the process.

The image shows 6 molecules.

The statement is false because particles in a solid do not stop moving completely. While the particles in a solid are closely packed and have limited freedom of movement, they still vibrate in fixed positions. This means that although they do not move around like particles in a liquid or gas, they are not completely stationary.

Baking soda (NaHCO3) is a pure substance because it is a compound made up of a fixed ratio of sodium (Na), hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) atoms. It has a definite and consistent composition, and its properties are consistent throughout. It cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical means, indicating its purity.

The correct answer is pure substance because capsaicin is a specific chemical compound with a fixed composition and distinct properties. It is not an element because it is composed of multiple elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen). It is not a diatomic molecule because it does not consist of two atoms of the same element bonded together. It is not a mixture because it is not a combination of different substances that can be physically separated.