Matter: Solid, Liquids, And Gases

Oxygen is an example of a gas because it exists in the Earth's atmosphere in the gaseous state. It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that makes up about 21% of the Earth's atmosphere. Oxygen molecules consist of two oxygen atoms bonded together, and they are constantly moving and colliding with other molecules in the gas phase.

A solid has a definite shape and definite volume because its particles are closely packed together and have a strong attraction to each other. This arrangement allows the solid to maintain its shape and occupy a specific amount of space. Unlike liquids or gases, solids do not flow or take the shape of their container. Instead, they retain their own distinct shape and occupy a fixed volume.

The reason why a golf ball sinks and a table tennis ball floats when placed in water, despite being the same size, is because they have different densities or weights. Density is the measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. The golf ball, being denser, has more mass packed into its volume, causing it to sink. On the other hand, the table tennis ball, having a lower density, has less mass packed into its volume, allowing it to float.

An ice cube is an example of a solid because it has a definite shape and volume. It is formed when water freezes and the molecules arrange themselves in a regular pattern, creating a solid structure. Unlike liquids or gases, the molecules in a solid are closely packed together and do not move freely.

Mass is a fundamental property of matter that represents the amount of substance present in an object. It is a measure of the inertia of an object and is independent of its location or the force acting upon it. Therefore, the statement that mass is the amount of matter in an object is true.

Orange Crush is an example of a liquid because it is a carbonated beverage that contains water as its main ingredient. Liquids have a definite volume but not a definite shape, and Orange Crush conforms to this characteristic as it takes the shape of its container. Furthermore, liquids are characterized by their ability to flow and pour, which is also true for Orange Crush.

Chemical properties are inherent characteristics of matter that can only be observed when the chemical nature of the substance is altered. These properties involve the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions, such as combustion, oxidation, or decomposition. Unlike physical properties, which can be observed without changing the substance's chemical composition, chemical properties require a change in the substance's molecular structure or composition to be observed. Therefore, the statement that a chemical property can only be observed when the chemical nature of the matter is changed is true.

Volume refers to the amount of space that matter occupies. It is a physical quantity that measures the three-dimensional extent of an object or substance. The volume of an object is determined by its dimensions and the amount of space it occupies in terms of length, width, and height. In other words, it represents the amount of space that matter takes up.

A bathroom scale is used to measure weight, which is a measure of the force of gravity on an object. Mass, on the other hand, is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and is not affected by gravity. However, in everyday language, the terms "weight" and "mass" are often used interchangeably. Therefore, a bathroom scale can be used to measure one's mass in a practical sense, as it provides an approximation of the person's weight, which is directly related to their mass.

Gas is the correct answer because gases have particles that are spread out and have a lot of empty space between them. This allows the gas particles to be easily compressed into a smaller container. Liquids and solids, on the other hand, have particles that are closely packed together, making them difficult to compress. Chemical is not a state of matter, so it is not relevant to the question.