Mass Society And Democracy, 1870 -1914 Review

The Triple Entente refers to the alliance formed between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the early 20th century. This alliance was created in response to the growing threat of the Central Powers, primarily Germany and Austria-Hungary. The Triple Entente aimed to ensure mutual defense and support among the three nations. This alliance played a significant role in World War I, as the member countries fought together against the Central Powers.

The given statement implies that a specific group, referred to as the "new elite," held a disproportionately large share of the wealth despite constituting only 5 percent of the population. This suggests that this group had a significant amount of control and influence over economic resources and power. The term "new elite" implies that this group may have emerged recently, possibly due to economic or social changes that allowed them to accumulate wealth and gain prominence.

Amalie Sieveking is the correct answer because she was a German nursing pioneer. She is known for her significant contributions to the development of nursing as a profession in Germany. Sieveking founded the first nursing school in Hamburg and established the General Association for Nursing in 1849. Her work focused on improving the quality of care for the sick and promoting the professionalization of nursing. Sieveking's dedication and efforts in the field of nursing make her a prominent figure in healthcare history.

Albert Einstein is the correct answer because he is the one who developed the special theory of relativity. This theory, published in 1905, revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and the relationship between matter and energy. Einstein's work on relativity laid the foundation for modern physics and had a profound impact on various scientific disciplines. His theory challenged traditional notions of physics and introduced groundbreaking concepts, such as the equivalence of mass and energy (E=mc²). Einstein's contributions to the field of physics earned him worldwide recognition and made him one of the most influential scientists in history.

Pablo Picasso is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the artist who created the style of painting called cubism. Cubism is an artistic movement that emerged in the early 20th century and is characterized by fragmented and abstracted forms, multiple viewpoints, and a focus on geometric shapes. Picasso, along with Georges Braque, is credited with pioneering this revolutionary style, which had a significant impact on the development of modern art.

Social Darwinism is the correct answer because it refers to the belief that evolutionary principles, such as natural selection, can be applied to human societies. This ideology was embraced by nationalists and racists who used it to justify their discriminatory practices and policies, claiming that certain races or nations were inherently superior to others. By promoting the idea of survival of the fittest, social Darwinism provided a pseudo-scientific basis for policies that aimed to preserve the dominance of certain groups and justify their expansionist ambitions.

The correct answer is Triple Alliance. The Triple Alliance was formed in 1882 and consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. It was a defensive alliance aimed at maintaining the balance of power in Europe and countering the potential threat from France. The alliance was primarily motivated by mutual security concerns and a desire to prevent isolation in case of conflict. It was an important diplomatic development leading up to World War I, as it created a network of alliances and rivalries that would shape the course of the war.

A trade union is an organization formed by workers to protect and promote their rights and interests. By negotiating with employers for better wages, working hours, and working conditions, trade unions have historically played a crucial role in improving the living and working conditions of the working classes. They have fought for safer workplaces, fair treatment, and improved benefits, ultimately aiming to create a more equitable society. Therefore, the trade union is the correct answer as it aligns with the given statement about bettering both the living and working conditions of the working classes.

The Duma was created by Nicholas II, the last Tsar of Russia, in response to the 1905 Russian Revolution. It was the first elected legislative assembly in Russia and was intended to appease the growing demands for political reform. The creation of the Duma was seen as a significant step towards a more democratic system of governance in Russia, although its powers were ultimately limited by the Tsar's autocratic rule. The Duma played a role in the events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917, as it highlighted the continued dissatisfaction with the government and the desire for greater political representation.

Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters founded the Women's Social and Political Union. This organization was a prominent suffragette movement in the early 20th century, advocating for women's right to vote in the United Kingdom. They used militant tactics such as protests, demonstrations, and civil disobedience to bring attention to their cause. The Women's Social and Political Union played a significant role in the eventual granting of voting rights to women in the UK.

The correct answer is "The Communist Manifesto" because it is a famous political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Published in 1848, it outlines the principles of communism and serves as a foundational text for the socialist movement. The manifesto argues for the overthrow of the bourgeoisie and the establishment of a classless society. It has had a significant impact on political and social movements around the world and remains an influential work in the field of political theory.

The term "proletariat" refers to the working class in Marxist theory. It represents the social class of wage workers who do not own the means of production and are economically dependent on the bourgeoisie. The proletariat is often associated with industrial labor and is seen as the driving force behind social change. This term is commonly used to describe the lower socioeconomic class in capitalist societies. The other options, such as trade union and new elite, do not accurately represent the concept of the proletariat.

Guglielmo Marconi sent the first radio waves across the Atlantic in 1901. Marconi was an Italian inventor and engineer who is credited with developing and improving wireless telegraphy. His successful transmission of radio waves across the Atlantic Ocean marked a significant milestone in the history of communication. Marconi's work laid the foundation for modern wireless communication systems and played a crucial role in the development of radio technology.

Marie Curie's discovery of radium changed the world's view of the atom. Through her experiments, Curie was able to demonstrate that atoms were not indivisible, as previously believed, but could actually be broken down into smaller particles. This discovery led to a deeper understanding of atomic structure and paved the way for further advancements in nuclear physics. Curie's groundbreaking work also had significant implications for the fields of medicine and industry, as radium was later used in the development of radiation therapy and other applications.

Revisionists were Marxists who rejected the revolutionary approach in favor of a more political approach. They believed in achieving socialist goals through gradual reforms and working within the existing political systems, rather than through violent revolution. The revisionists argued for collaboration with non-socialist parties and emphasized the importance of parliamentary democracy. They believed that socialism could be achieved through the evolution of capitalism rather than its overthrow. This approach was criticized by more radical Marxists who believed in the necessity of revolution to achieve socialism.

During the early 1900s, a significant portion of the European population belonged to the working class. This was a time of industrialization and urbanization, where many people were employed in factories and manual labor. With limited social mobility and a large wealth gap, the working class made up a majority of the population. The option "80 percent" reflects this reality, indicating that a significant majority of Europeans during this time were part of the working class.

The correct answer is automobilies, airplanes, and improved ocean liners. The internal-combustion engine revolutionized transportation by powering these modes of travel. This led to the development and widespread use of automobiles, airplanes, and ocean liners, which greatly improved the efficiency and speed of transportation. However, the increased use of these vehicles also resulted in severe air pollution in industrialized cities.

The principle of ministerial responsibility states that the prime minister is accountable to the popularly elected legislative body, rather than to the executive officer. This means that the prime minister is responsible for their actions and decisions to the representatives of the people, ensuring that they act in the best interest of the public. This principle promotes transparency, accountability, and democratic governance.

Vincent van Gogh was a Postimpressionist painter known for his unique and expressive style. He believed that art was a spiritual experience and used his paintings as a way to convey his emotions and inner thoughts. His works often depicted his personal struggles and mental state, making his art deeply personal and reflective of his spiritual journey.

The passage by Sylvia Pankhurst showcases the characteristic of determination within the women's suffrage movement. This can be inferred from the tone and content of the passage, as it likely discusses the perseverance, resolve, and unwavering commitment of the suffragettes in their fight for women's rights. The use of strong language, powerful arguments, and evidence of their actions and sacrifices further support the idea that determination was a key characteristic of the movement.

A representative democracy is characteristic of both France and the United States. This means that in both countries, the people elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. In a representative democracy, the power lies with the people, who exercise their right to vote and choose their representatives. This system allows for a balance of power and ensures that the government is accountable to the people. France and the United States both have democratic systems that are based on the principles of representation and popular sovereignty.

The young immigrant's problem is that she is not allowed to marry because her older sisters are not yet engaged. This implies that there is a cultural or traditional expectation in her family or community that the older siblings must marry before the younger ones can do so. This restriction is causing a problem for her desire to marry her beloved.

According to Sigmund Freud, human behavior is strongly determined by repressed experiences. Freud believed that these repressed experiences, particularly from childhood, have a significant impact on shaping an individual's personality and behavior. He proposed that unresolved conflicts and repressed emotions from the past can manifest in various ways, such as through defense mechanisms or psychological disorders. Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the importance of uncovering and resolving these repressed experiences through therapy in order to promote psychological well-being.

Electric waves had been sent from Britain.

Einstein's theory of relativity replaced Newton's mechanical universe in physics. Newton's mechanical universe was based on the idea that space and time were separate entities, and that they were absolute and fixed. However, Einstein's theory showed that space and time are interconnected and can be influenced by gravity and motion. This revolutionary concept led to a new understanding of the universe and paved the way for modern physics.