Architecture And Design

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1/102 Questions

Three basic categorizations of software design patterns are Creational, Structural, and
- Behavioral
- Option 2

About This Quiz

Explore the foundational structures of software in the 'Architecture and Design' quiz. Assess your understanding of models, refinement relationships, and documentation in software architecture. Ideal for learners aiming to grasp essential architectural concepts and documentation standards.

Quiz Preview

2.

A port is a point of interaction in a component diagram
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

In a component diagram, a port represents a point of interaction between a component and its environment. It allows the component to send and receive messages to and from other components or external systems. Ports are used to model the interfaces of a component and show how it interacts with other components or external entities. Therefore, the statement "A port is a point of interaction in a component diagram" is true.

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3.

Component details in UML can be shown as text within a compartment of a component.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

In UML, component details can be represented as text within a compartment of a component. This means that information about the component, such as its attributes or operations, can be displayed within the component's compartment. This allows for a clear and organized representation of the component's structure and functionality.

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4.

An internals model can be used to identify boundary models of others
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

An internals model refers to an individual's understanding or representation of the world, which includes their own thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions. By having an internals model, one can gain insight into the mental processes and perspectives of others, allowing them to identify the boundary models of others. Boundary models refer to the limits or constraints that individuals have in their thinking or understanding. Therefore, it is true that an internals model can be used to identify boundary models of others.

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5.

Class diagrams can be generated directly from code
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Class diagrams can be generated directly from code by using various tools and technologies. These tools analyze the code and extract information about the classes, their attributes, and their relationships. They then generate a visual representation of the classes and their relationships, which is known as a class diagram. This diagram helps in understanding the structure and organization of the code, making it easier to comprehend and maintain. Therefore, the statement "Class diagrams can be generated directly from code" is true.

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6.

The process of creating class diagrams is a valuable activity during design
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Creating class diagrams is a valuable activity during design because it helps in visualizing the structure and relationships between classes in a system. Class diagrams provide a high-level overview of the system's architecture, allowing designers to identify and organize classes, their attributes, and their associations. This aids in understanding the system's functionality, facilitating communication among stakeholders, and guiding the implementation process. Class diagrams also serve as a blueprint for developers, helping them write code that aligns with the desired design. Overall, creating class diagrams is an essential step in the design phase of software development.

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7.

A view is a projection of a model that reveals select details
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

A view is a representation or perspective of a model that allows us to see specific details or aspects of it. It is not a complete representation of the entire model but rather a selected projection that highlights certain elements. Therefore, the statement that a view is a projection of a model that reveals select details is accurate and true.

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8.

A context diagram is similar to a snapshot in that the context is likely to change as the system runs
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

A context diagram is a visual representation that shows the interactions between a system and its external entities. It provides a high-level overview of the system and its boundaries. Like a snapshot, the context of a system is likely to change as it runs. This means that the interactions and relationships between the system and its external entities may evolve or vary over time. Therefore, the statement that a context diagram is similar to a snapshot in terms of the context changing as the system runs is true.

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9.

Three standard viewtypes for the Design Model are
- A) Component and Connector, Designation, and Module
- B) Runtime, Documentation, and Miscellaneous
- C) Component, Module, Deployment
- D) Component, Allocation, Module
- E) Runtime, Allocation, Module
Correct Answer

A. E) Runtime, Allocation, Module

Explanation

The correct answer is e) Runtime, Allocation, Module. In the Design Model, the three standard viewtypes are Runtime, Allocation, and Module. The Runtime viewtype focuses on the behavior and interactions of components at runtime. The Allocation viewtype focuses on the mapping of software components to hardware resources. The Module viewtype focuses on the organization and structure of the software components. This combination of viewtypes allows for a comprehensive understanding of the design and implementation of a software system.

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1
10.

In component diagrams, ports __________ optional.
- Are
- Are not
Correct Answer

A. Are

Explanation

In component diagrams, ports are optional. This means that they may or may not be present in a component. Ports are used to provide interfaces for communication between components, but not all components need to have ports. Some components may have ports to allow for interaction with other components, while others may not require any external communication and therefore do not have ports.

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11.

The primary difference between component diagrams and sequence diagrams is
- A) Component diagrams show all potential interactions among a group of components whereas sequence diagram shows the interactions involved in response to a particular kind of request.+
- B) There is very little difference, they are just two different ways of viewing component interactions.
- C) In component diagram the components use a rectangular shape with the component icon in the upper right corner but no component icon appears in sequence diagrams.
- D) Component diagrams represent the code whereas sequence diagrams represent behavior.
Correct Answer

A. A) Component diagrams show all potential interactions among a group of components whereas sequence diagram shows the interactions involved in response to a particular kind of request.+

Explanation

Component diagrams and sequence diagrams serve different purposes in software design. Component diagrams depict the overall structure and relationships among a group of components, showcasing all potential interactions. On the other hand, sequence diagrams focus on illustrating the specific interactions that occur in response to a particular request. In other words, component diagrams provide a high-level view of the system's architecture, while sequence diagrams zoom in on the detailed behavior of the system in response to specific events or requests.

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12.

Architecture documents are abstractions of the system.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Architecture documents are abstractions of the system because they provide a high-level overview of the system's structure, components, and interactions. These documents focus on capturing the essential elements and relationships, while omitting unnecessary details. By abstracting the system, architecture documents help stakeholders understand the system's design and make informed decisions. They serve as a blueprint for development, communication, and collaboration among team members. Therefore, it is true that architecture documents are abstractions of the system.

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13.

Which of the following states that there are 2 persons associated with a contact and there can be any number of contacts?
- 1....2
- * 1...2
- 2 *
- * 2
Correct Answer

A. 2 *

Explanation

The answer is "2 *". This pattern indicates that there are two persons associated with a contact, represented by the numbers 1 and 2. The asterisk (*) represents any number of contacts, meaning there can be multiple contacts associated with the two persons.

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14.

Three notations of UML are
- A) Activity diagrams, Component diagrams, Construction diagrams
- B) Component diagrams, Action diagrams, Sequence diagrams
- C) Class diagrams, ER diagrams, Action diagrams
- D) Canonical diagrams, Activity diagrams, Sequence diagrams
- E) Class diagrams, Sequence diagrams, Use Case diagrams
Correct Answer

A. E) Class diagrams, Sequence diagrams, Use Case diagrams

Explanation

The correct answer is e) Class diagrams, Sequence diagrams, Use Case diagrams. UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used in software engineering to visually represent a system. Class diagrams are used to depict the structure of a system, showing the classes, their attributes, and relationships. Sequence diagrams illustrate the interactions between objects or components in a system, showing the order of messages exchanged. Use Case diagrams depict the functionality of a system from the perspective of its users, showing the different use cases and actors involved. These three notations are commonly used in UML to represent different aspects of a system.

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15.

Which of the following is not a UML diagram?
- Option 1
- Asdsadasdasdasdas
Correct Answer

A. Option 1
16.

An architectural style is a kind of pattern that occurs at an architectural level and applies to architectural elements like components and modules.
- A) Architectural style
- B) Server farm style
- C) Rack style
- D) Mirrored style
Correct Answer

A. A) Architectural style

Explanation

An architectural style refers to a specific pattern or design that is used at the architectural level. It applies to various architectural elements such as components and modules. This style helps in organizing and structuring the overall architecture of a system or application. It provides guidelines and principles for designing and implementing the different components and their interactions. By following an architectural style, developers can ensure consistency, reusability, and maintainability in their designs.

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17.

Software design patterns provide a ready resource for solving software development problems
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Software design patterns are proven solutions to recurring problems in software development. They provide a set of guidelines and templates that developers can use to solve common design problems. By following these patterns, developers can save time and effort by reusing established solutions rather than reinventing the wheel. This makes software development more efficient and helps to ensure that the resulting software is robust, maintainable, and scalable. Therefore, the statement "Software design patterns provide a ready resource for solving software development problems" is true.

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18.

What are the names of the models in software’s canonical model structure?
- A. Domain, Design, Development
- B. Conceptual, Design, Code
- C. Conceptual, Architecture, Development
- D. Domain, Design, Code
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. D. Domain, Design, Code

Explanation

The correct answer is d. Domain, Design, Code. In software's canonical model structure, the names of the models are Domain, Design, and Code. The Domain model represents the real-world concepts and rules, the Design model represents the software architecture and components, and the Code model represents the actual implementation of the software in a programming language. This structure helps in organizing and understanding the different aspects of the software development process.

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19.

A use case is _________.
- A. a decision not to modify the system
- B. a process that will run as part of the system
- C. an argument that drives system design
- D. a goal for actors the system interacts with
- E. a diagram that shows what the system does
Correct Answer

A. D. a goal for actors the system interacts with

Explanation

A use case is a goal for actors the system interacts with. Use cases define the specific actions and interactions that actors (users or other systems) can perform with the system to achieve a desired outcome. They describe the functionality and behavior of the system from the perspective of the actors involved. Use cases help in understanding the requirements and designing the system to meet the needs of the actors. They are often represented in the form of diagrams that show the flow of events and the interactions between the actors and the system.

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20.

All design decisions should be made before coding begins
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

This statement is false because design decisions can and often should be made throughout the coding process. As developers gain a better understanding of the requirements and constraints of the project, they may need to adjust their design decisions accordingly. Additionally, new ideas or technologies may emerge during the coding process that could warrant changes to the initial design. Therefore, design decisions are not fixed and can be made and modified as needed throughout the coding process.

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21.

All models in software design should be captured using UML diagrams
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

The statement "All models in software design should be captured using UML diagrams" is incorrect. While UML diagrams are commonly used in software design, they are not the only way to capture models. Other modeling techniques such as flowcharts, data flow diagrams, and entity-relationship diagrams can also be used to represent different aspects of software design. Therefore, the answer is false.

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1
22.

Every project should document its architecture.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

While it is generally recommended to document the architecture of a project, it is not an absolute requirement for every project. The decision to document the architecture depends on various factors such as the complexity of the project, the size of the team, the need for future maintenance or scalability, and the project's specific requirements. Some smaller or simpler projects may not require extensive documentation of their architecture, whereas larger or more complex projects may benefit from having detailed documentation to aid in understanding, communication, and future development.

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23.

What are two ways Fairbanks says you can improve the quality of diagrams?
- A) Include a legend+
- B) Avoid arrowheads+
Correct Answer

A. A) Include a legend+

Explanation

Including a legend in diagrams is one way to improve their quality. A legend provides a key or explanation for symbols, colors, or other elements used in the diagram, making it easier for viewers to understand the information being presented. By including a legend, the diagram becomes more clear and concise, enhancing its overall quality. Avoiding arrowheads, as mentioned in option b, is not mentioned as a way to improve the quality of diagrams in the given question.

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1
24.

Which of the following statements is the most correct?
- A) United Models for Languages
- B) Universal Modeling Language
- C) Unified Modeling Language
- D) United Modeling Language
Correct Answer

A. C) Unified Modeling Language

Explanation

The correct answer is c) Unified Modeling Language. Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standardized modeling language used in software engineering to visually represent software systems. It provides a set of notations and diagrams to describe the structure, behavior, and interactions of the system. UML is widely used in the software development industry to communicate and document system designs.

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25.

Which of the following is the best choice for creating code views? _______
- A. Sequence diagram
- B. Component diagram
- C. Activity diagram
- D. Class diagram
- E. Both b and c
- F. None of the above
Correct Answer

A. D. Class diagram

Explanation

A class diagram is the best choice for creating code views because it provides a visual representation of the structure and relationships between classes in a system. It allows developers to understand the organization of code, the properties and methods of each class, and how classes interact with each other. This diagram helps in designing, documenting, and communicating the structure of code, making it easier to analyze and modify the codebase. Additionally, a class diagram can be used as a blueprint for implementing the code, ensuring that the system is built according to the desired architecture.

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26.

Of the following, which is the best reason to avoid domain analysis?
- A. The domain is too simple to bother modeling.
- B. Domain modeling is open-ended and is a never-ending analysis task.
- C. The domain is irrelevant to your architecture choices.
- D. The best way to learn the domain is incrementally.
- E. It is someone else’s job to do requirements.
Correct Answer

A. B. Domain modeling is open-ended and is a never-ending analysis task.

Explanation

Domain modeling is open-ended and is a never-ending analysis task. This means that domain analysis is a continuous process that requires ongoing effort and resources. It involves understanding and documenting the complexities and intricacies of a specific domain, which can be time-consuming and challenging. Therefore, avoiding domain analysis may be the best option to prevent getting stuck in an endless analysis loop and allocate resources more efficiently to other tasks.

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27.

Modeling a system using multiple views requires that all views be ________ .
- A) Kept neatly stored so they can be located.
- B) Chosen carefully to reflect the concerns of users.
- C) Kept internally consistent.
- D) Created from different view types.
Correct Answer

A. B) Chosen carefully to reflect the concerns of users.

Explanation

When modeling a system using multiple views, it is important that the views are chosen carefully to reflect the concerns of users. This means that the different views should be selected in a way that accurately represents the different perspectives and requirements of the stakeholders involved in the system. By doing so, the modeling process becomes more effective in addressing the needs and expectations of the users, leading to a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the system.

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28.

In component diagrams, the lollipop symbol is used to _______ an interface.
- Represent
- Provide
Correct Answer

A. Provide

Explanation

In component diagrams, the lollipop symbol is used to provide an interface. This means that the component represented by the lollipop symbol offers a set of operations or services that other components can use. The lollipop symbol acts as a connection point between the component and the interface it provides, allowing other components to interact with it and access its functionalities.

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29.

In sequence diagrams, lifelines represent the activity of ________
- OBJECTS
- CLASSES
- Option 3
- Option 4
Correct Answer

A. OBJECTS

Explanation

In sequence diagrams, lifelines represent the activity of objects. Lifelines are vertical dashed lines that depict the lifespan of an object during the execution of a sequence diagram. They show the flow of messages between objects and represent the objects' involvement in the sequence of events. Each object involved in the sequence diagram is represented by a lifeline, allowing for a clear visualization of the interactions and behavior of objects in a system.

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30.

A context diagram should include details related to quality concerns.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

A context diagram should include details related to quality concerns because it provides a high-level overview of a system or process and its interactions with external entities. Quality concerns, such as performance, reliability, and security, are important factors to consider when designing and analyzing a system. Including these details in a context diagram helps to ensure that the system meets the desired quality standards and can identify potential risks or issues that may impact the overall quality of the system.

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31.

Which of the following is NOT one of the traits of good models? _______
- A) Allows one to predictive potential issues
- B) Be small
- C) Be realistic
- D) Refers only to elements that are in the model
- E) Be inexpensive
Correct Answer

A. B) Be small

Explanation

Good models should be able to allow one to predict potential issues, be realistic, and refer to all elements that are in the model. However, being small is not necessarily a trait of good models. The size of a model does not determine its effectiveness or accuracy. A good model can be of any size as long as it accurately represents the system or concept it is modeling.

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32.

Which of the following clearly describes the scope of a software project?
- A. An internals diagram
- B. A context diagram
- C. A sequence diagram
- D. A functionality scenario
Correct Answer

A. B. A context diagram

Explanation

A context diagram clearly describes the scope of a software project by illustrating the system being developed and its interactions with external entities. It shows the boundaries of the system and the relationships between the system and its environment. This diagram helps stakeholders understand the context in which the software will operate and allows for better communication and understanding of the project scope.

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33.

The risk-driven approach is most difficult to apply to the ____________ software development process.
- A. Waterfall
- B. Interative
- C. RUP
- D. XP
Correct Answer

A. D. XP

Explanation

The risk-driven approach is most difficult to apply to the XP (Extreme Programming) software development process. This is because XP emphasizes frequent iterations and continuous feedback, which may not allow for a comprehensive risk assessment and mitigation strategy to be implemented. XP focuses on delivering working software quickly and responding to changing requirements, which may not align well with a risk-driven approach that requires more upfront planning and analysis.

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34.

The Interface Segregation Principle _________.
- A) Helps ensure that objects are highly reusable.
- B) Requires that methods that are present in base classes must also be present in the derived classes.
- C) Helps ensure that objects are easy to extend without requiring change to the original object.
- D) Requires that object interfaces only include methods that will be needed by most implementers.
- E) Helps make changing an object easier.
Correct Answer

A. D) Requires that object interfaces only include methods that will be needed by most implementers.

Explanation

The Interface Segregation Principle states that object interfaces should only include methods that will be needed by most implementers. This principle helps in avoiding the creation of large and bloated interfaces that force implementers to implement methods that are not relevant to their specific needs. By adhering to this principle, interfaces become more focused and specific, promoting better code organization and making it easier for implementers to understand and use them. This ultimately leads to increased reusability and maintainability of objects.

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35.

In the Pipe and Filter style, which of the following is not allowed? _______
- A) A Filter can alternate providing data between two filters.
- B) Two pipes can be potential suppliers for a filter.
- C) A pipe can feed data into another pipe.
- D) A filter can be designed to be used in another application.
- E) None of a-d
Correct Answer

A. C) A pipe can feed data into another pipe.

Explanation

In the Pipe and Filter style, a pipe is used to transfer data from one filter to another. It acts as a conduit for data flow between filters. However, a pipe cannot directly feed data into another pipe. Pipes are used to connect filters, not to connect pipes themselves. Therefore, option c) is not allowed in the Pipe and Filter style.

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36.

UML has many great features but its use describing domain models should be restricted because
- A. It takes too long to create the diagrams.
- B. Good UML tools are too expensive.
- C. It is not a language known by most non-developers.
- D. Its use is incompatible with the goals of domain modeling.
- E. The diagrams require you to include too much detail.
Correct Answer

A. C. It is not a language known by most non-developers.
37.

Which of the following DOES NOT describe risk in software development?
- A. Something to worry about.
- B. A cause of failure.
- C. A chance of failure.
- D. A primary driver of architecture.
Correct Answer

A. B. A cause of failure.

Explanation

Risk in software development is not necessarily a cause of failure, as it can also present opportunities for growth and improvement. While risk does involve the chance of failure, it is not solely responsible for causing failure. Risk can also be managed and mitigated through proper planning and decision-making. Additionally, risk is not always the primary driver of architecture, as other factors such as functionality and user requirements also play a significant role.

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38.

Which of the following is best describes UML?
- A) UML is a combination of notations.
- B) UML supports modeling multiple views of software.
- C) UML has evolved over time.
- D) UML was created by the OMG
- E) All of a-d
- F) Only a and d
Correct Answer

A. E) All of a-d

Explanation

UML, which stands for Unified Modeling Language, is best described as a combination of notations. It supports modeling multiple views of software and has evolved over time. Additionally, UML was created by the OMG (Object Management Group). Therefore, the correct answer is e) All of a-d.

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39.

Identify the Structural pattern represented by following Diagram
- A. Adapter
- B. Proxy
- C. Decotar
- D. Composite
Correct Answer

A. A. Adapter

Explanation

The diagram represents the Adapter pattern. This pattern allows objects with incompatible interfaces to work together by creating a bridge between them. It converts the interface of one class into another interface that the client expects. In the diagram, there is an adapter class that adapts the interface of an existing class to match the expected interface of the client. This allows the client to interact with the adapted class seamlessly.

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40.

Which of the following is true of a Context Diagram?
- A) Describes how the software being created interacts with elements in its environment.
- B) Can be based on a use case diagram.
- C) Might show the Internet.
- D) Describes what is in and what is outside the scope of the software project.
- All of a-d
Correct Answer

A. All of a-d

Explanation

A context diagram is a high-level diagram that shows how the software being created interacts with elements in its environment. It describes the boundaries of the system and its interactions with external entities. It can be based on a use case diagram, which represents the interactions between actors (users, external systems) and the system. It might also show the Internet as an external entity. Additionally, a context diagram helps in defining what is included and what is excluded from the scope of the software project. Therefore, all options a-d are true statements about a context diagram.

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41.

The layered style of software design is a style in the ________ view.
- A) Runtime
- B) Module
- C) Allocation
- D) None of a-c
Correct Answer

A. B) Module

Explanation

The layered style of software design is a style in the module view. This means that the software is organized into layers, with each layer providing a specific set of functionality. The layers are designed to be modular and independent, allowing for easier maintenance and scalability of the software. This style helps to separate concerns and promotes code reusability.

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42.

Which of the following is NOT a desirable trait of a software model? ______
- A) Consistent use of arrows
- B) Models reality
- C) Sufficiently precise
- D) Inexpensive
- E) Accurate
Correct Answer

A. A) Consistent use of arrows

Explanation

A desirable trait of a software model is consistency in its use of arrows. This means that the model should have a standardized and uniform representation of relationships and dependencies between different components or entities. However, the given answer states that "Consistent use of arrows" is NOT a desirable trait. This implies that the model should not have a consistent representation of relationships, which would make it difficult to understand and interpret.

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43.

Software design patterns are created for unusual problems in development.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Software design patterns are not created for unusual problems in development. Instead, they are created to provide proven solutions to common recurring problems in software design. Design patterns are reusable templates that help developers solve design problems and improve the efficiency, maintainability, and flexibility of their software. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

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44.

When modeling the domain we model its
- A. Structure
- B. Behavior
- C. The way people will use the system
- D. Both a and b
- E. Both a and c
Correct Answer

A. D. Both a and b

Explanation

When modeling the domain, we need to consider both the structure and behavior of the system. The structure refers to the components, relationships, and organization of the system, while the behavior refers to the functionality and actions performed by the system. By modeling both aspects, we can create a comprehensive representation of the domain and ensure that the system meets the requirements and expectations. Additionally, considering the way people will use the system is also important to ensure that the system is user-friendly and meets the needs of the users. Therefore, the correct answer is d. Both a and b.

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45.

How should a designer decide which views to create? _______
- A) Build one for each function.
- B) Build one for each actor.
- C) Build one for each of the major concerns.
- D) Build one for each use case.
- E) Build one for each of the view types.
Correct Answer

A. C) Build one for each of the major concerns.

Explanation

A designer should decide which views to create based on the major concerns of the system. By building one view for each major concern, the designer can ensure that all important aspects of the system are represented. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the system and helps to address potential issues or conflicts between different concerns. Building views based on major concerns also promotes modularity and maintainability in the design process.

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46.

Which of the following is not a software engineering risk? ______
- A. The server may not scale to 1000 users.
- B. The code for the sort algorithm is overly complex.
- C. We do not adequately understand our customer’s needs.
- D. The system is working fine, but if we try to change anything it seems to always break something else.
- E. None of the above.
Correct Answer

A. C. We do not adequately understand our customer’s needs.
47.

What is architectural style?
- Architectural style is a description of component types
- It is a pattern of run-time control
- It is set of constraints on architecture
- All of the mentioned
Correct Answer

A. All of the mentioned

Explanation

The correct answer is "All of the mentioned". Architectural style refers to a description of component types, a pattern of run-time control, and a set of constraints on architecture. This means that all of these options are valid explanations for what architectural style is.

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48.

An anti-pattern is _______ .
- A) A known way to reverse the impact of using a design pattern.
- B) A pattern for improving bad code.
- C) A way to avoid known bad coding practice.
- D) A way to refactor code
- E) None of the above.
Correct Answer

A. C) A way to avoid known bad coding practice.

Explanation

An anti-pattern is a way to avoid known bad coding practice. It refers to a common solution that appears beneficial but is actually counterproductive and can lead to negative consequences. It helps developers recognize and avoid these pitfalls in order to write better and more efficient code.

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49.

The Refinement relationship enables the architect to:
- A. A type that appears in one model also appears in another.
- B. Defines the correspondence between two models to show consistency
- C. Allows one to carry constraints from one model to another
- D. Both a and c
- E. Both b and c
Correct Answer

A. A. A type that appears in one model also appears in another.

Explanation

The refinement relationship enables the architect to establish a connection between two models, where a type that appears in one model also appears in another. This relationship ensures consistency and allows for the transfer of constraints from one model to another. Therefore, the correct answer is a.

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