Macromolecules Quiz

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1. The rigid kinks in _________ fatty acids ______ # of van der waal attractions, whereas the _____ hydrocarbon chains of ______ fatty acids allows them to fit _____ together and thus _____ # of van der waals attractions
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2. Humans cannot break down what type of glucose?
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3. Give examples of pentose sugars (5 carbon atoms)
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4. Lipids are
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5. Monosachharides and disaccharides differ from polysacharrides and are referred to as
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6. Each amino acid has a different ___________ that makes each protein unique and gives them a wide range of properties.
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7. ATP (adenecine triphosphate)
is a _______ made up of a nitrogenous base called __________, a ______ sugar and 3 ______ groups. High _________ bonds are formed between each ________ group and the _______ sugar. When these bonds break, _____ is ________
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8. State the formula for monosaccharides
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9. Fructose and galactose are examples of _____ of glucose
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10. In DNA, which pair
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11. All of the bases are the same in RNA as DNA except ________ replaces ________ in RNA
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12. Phospholipids have ___ fatty acids and triglycerides have __ fatty acids
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13. In phospholipids the phosphate head is ____ and ______ and the 2 fatty acid chains are _____ and ______
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14. Phospholipids have __ functional groups, in the head there is ____ that has an ___ group, a _____ group, and in the tails there is _____ that has a _____ group
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15. Steroids, being lipids, are ______ and have __ hydrocarbon linked ____. Steroids include: c_____, c______ and h______. c_____ can be attained through ____ and can be produced by the ____. c_____ is needed for the cell membrane to function properly as it effects ______. C_____ can also be converted into compounds such as vitamin __ and ___ ____.
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16. Waxes are long chains of _____ ____ that are attached to ________ or a carbon ring.
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17. Amino acids are called amino acids because they have both ___ groups and ___ groups, which have _______ charges. at neutral pH, (found in most living organisms) the groups are _____. the overall net charge on the molecule is therefore ____ and this molecule is called a ________ ___.
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18. Amino acids are joined together by a _____ ____ to form a __________, the reaction inolved is a _________ ____________, it takes place in ____________ and the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is determined by the sequence of the _______ ______ in ___
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19. In a polypeptide there is always one end with a free ________ group called the __________ and one end with a free _______ group called the ____________
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20. In tertiary structure the polypeptide chain continues to _____ and _____ itself as a result of the interaction between the __ ________. P_____, __-____ and _____ "r"groups interact to form ________, ________ and __________ bonds.
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21. A nucleotide is made up of a _________ sugar, a ________ group and a __________ base.
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22. DNA nucleotides are joined together at the ________ group, attached to carbon __ at one molecule to the _______ group of carbon __ from another molecule. The bond that unites the phosphate is called a _________ bond
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23. In addition to phosphodiester bonds, ______ bonds, unite strands of DNA together. Adenine will always bond to ________ and is held together by _ _______ ____. Cytosine and __________ always bond together and are held together by _ ______ ____.
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24. State the formula for glucose
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25. In animals, glucose is the main ______ sugar in the blood, _____ concentration is carefully controlled. glucose is considered to be a ________
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26. Sucrose is a _______ that is formed when _______ is bonded to _______, it is commonly found in ______ and is less ______ than glucose
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27. Lactose is a ______ that is formed when  ______ is bonded to _________, and is only found in _______ milk
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28. Polysaccharides are long chains of _____________ joined together by __________
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29. Triglycerides are comprised of ______ and ___________
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30. The hydrocarbon chain in a fatty acid can be from __ to __ units long but it always has to be an ___ number
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31. DNA and RNA are
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32. Fatty acids are used for ________, ______, and _________, in fatty tissue
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33. When glycerols _____ group and the fatty acids _______ group react a _______ reaction and _______ process take place.
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34. Proteins have an central carbon atom called the ____ ____ and have 3 groups attached to it called:
-a___ ______
-c_________ _____
-__ _____
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35. At a low pH an amino acid is _________, at a neutral pH there is __ _____ and at a high ph the amino acid is ________
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36. In secondary structure of proteins, ________ bonds form between the __________ group and the ________ groups of amino acids along the same _____ so that the polypeptide takes on a ______ shape called alpha ______. when two separate polypeptide strands run ______ to eachother _______, an _______ shape appears called the beta ______ _______.
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37. The combination of two or more ____________ _______ forms a protein. the overall shape of a protein is determined by its ______ _________. chemical and physical factors such as changes in __ and ________ can _______ a protein.
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38. ___________ direct the growth and development of every living organism. included in this group is D___, R___, A__ and nucleotide co-enzymes. Essential for ____ in plant cells and ______ _______ in plant and animal cells.
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39. DNA and RNA are made up of ______ units called _________.
_________ enzymes and ATP are _________.
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40. IN DNA, Purines have ___ ring(s) and include ________ and ______; whereas pyramides have ____ ring(s) and contain _______ and _______.
These are the 4 _______ bases.
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41. DNA is ____ stranded whereas RNA is ____ stranded. DNA's job is to direct all cellular activities whereas RNA's function is to _________ and _________ the genetic information into _________
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42. Disaccharides are formed when
(state what disachharides are composed of, linkage formed + type of reaction)
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43. Starch is broken down into ______ by the enzyme ______
______ can be broken down into glucose through ______
or 2 _____ molecules can bond to form ________, which is considered to be a ________
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44. Starch is a ______ that is made up of _____ and _____. _____ is an unbranched glucose polymer held together by a  ________; whereas ______ is a branched glucose polymer held together by a ________ with branch points formed by a _______.

the angles at which the ________ is held makes them ________ in water
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45. Glycogen is formed when excess ____ molecules are linked to form glycogen. Glycogen is an ______ storing molecule in _______. similar to ______ with a 1-4 glycosidic linkage with a 1-6 branch point linkage. humans store glycogen in the _____ and _____ cells. enzymes in these tissues ______ glycogen into _______ molecules for energy. _______ is found in the ______ of plants.
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46. Cellulose is a straight chain polymer of ___ _______ molecules held together by a __ __________ _______. their _____ shape allows the _______ groups of parallel molecules to form many _______ bonds producing tight bundles called _________. these _______ intertwine forming tough, _______ cell walls.  humans and most ______ cant breakdown the ___ _____ in cellulose. however cellulose is beneficial to the digestive system as cellulose can _____ against the _____ ________ stimulating ______ cells to secrete mucus that lubricates the feces and aids in easy digestion. cows have an enzyme called ___ ______ that breaks down the _____ linkages
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47. If there are no c=c bonds in the hydrocarbon chain that it is a _______ fatty acid, but if there is one c=c bond in the chain it is a _____ fatty acid, a fatty acid with more than one c=c bond is called a ________. Saturated fatty acids have _____ chains and _____ melting points, whereas unsaturated fatty acids form ____ chains and have _____ melting points.Also, saturated fatty acids tend to be found in ____ blooded animals and unsaturated fats tend to be found in ____ blooded in animals. At room temperature saturated fatty acids are ____ and unsaturated fats are _____
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The rigid kinks in _________ fatty acids ______ # of van der waal...
Humans cannot break down what type of glucose?
Give examples of pentose sugars (5 carbon atoms)
Lipids are
Monosachharides and disaccharides differ from polysacharrides and are...
Each amino acid has a different ___________ that makes each protein...
ATP (adenecine triphosphate)is a _______ made up of a nitrogenous base...
State the formula for monosaccharides
Fructose and galactose are examples of _____ of glucose
In DNA, which pair
All of the bases are the same in RNA as DNA except ________ replaces...
Phospholipids have ___ fatty acids and triglycerides have __ fatty...
In phospholipids the phosphate head is ____ and ______ and the 2 fatty...
Phospholipids have __ functional groups, in the head there is ____...
Steroids, being lipids, are ______ and have __ hydrocarbon linked...
Waxes are long chains of _____ ____ that are attached to ________ or a...
Amino acids are called amino acids because they have both ___ groups...
Amino acids are joined together by a _____ ____ to form a __________,...
In a polypeptide there is always one end with a free ________ group...
In tertiary structure the polypeptide chain continues to _____ and...
A nucleotide is made up of a _________ sugar, a ________ group and a...
DNA nucleotides are joined together at the ________ group, attached to...
In addition to phosphodiester bonds, ______ bonds, unite strands of...
State the formula for glucose
In animals, glucose is the main ______ sugar in the blood, _____...
Sucrose is a _______ that is formed when _______ is bonded to _______,...
Lactose is a ______ that is formed when  ______ is bonded to...
Polysaccharides are long chains of _____________ joined together by...
Triglycerides are comprised of ______ and ___________
The hydrocarbon chain in a fatty acid can be from __ to __ units long...
DNA and RNA are
Fatty acids are used for ________, ______, and _________, in fatty...
When glycerols _____ group and the fatty acids _______ group react a...
Proteins have an central carbon atom called the ____ ____ and have 3...
At a low pH an amino acid is _________, at a neutral pH there is __...
In secondary structure of proteins, ________ bonds form between the...
The combination of two or more ____________ _______ forms a protein....
___________ direct the growth and development of every living...
DNA and RNA are made up of ______ units called _________. _________...
IN DNA, Purines have ___ ring(s) and include ________ and ______;...
DNA is ____ stranded whereas RNA is ____ stranded. DNA's job is to...
Disaccharides are formed when(state what disachharides are composed...
Starch is broken down into ______ by the enzyme ____________ can be...
Starch is a ______ that is made up of _____ and _____. _____ is an...
Glycogen is formed when excess ____ molecules are linked to form...
Cellulose is a straight chain polymer of ___ _______ molecules held...
If there are no c=c bonds in the hydrocarbon chain that it is a...
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