1.
Gastrectomy
Correct Answer
A. Gastric resection
Explanation
Gastric resection refers to the surgical removal of a part or all of the stomach. This procedure is commonly performed to treat stomach cancer, ulcers, or other conditions that cannot be managed with medication or other non-surgical interventions. The term "gastrectomy" is often used interchangeably with gastric resection. Therefore, the correct answer in this case is "Gastric resection".
2.
Cystoscopy
Correct Answer
E. Visual examination of the urinary bladder
Explanation
Cystoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the visual examination of the urinary bladder. It is performed using a cystoscope, a thin tube with a camera and light at the end, which is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. This allows doctors to visually inspect the bladder for any abnormalities, such as tumors, stones, or inflammation. Cystoscopy is a commonly used diagnostic tool for evaluating urinary tract conditions and can also be used to guide certain treatments, such as the removal of bladder stones or the biopsy of suspicious tissues.
3.
Hepatoma
Correct Answer
B. Tumor of the liver
Explanation
The correct answer is "Tumor of the liver." Hepatoma refers to a type of liver cancer, specifically a malignant tumor that originates from liver cells. It is important to note that hepatoma is synonymous with hepatocellular carcinoma, which is the most common type of liver cancer. This explanation aligns with the given options and accurately describes the meaning of hepatoma.
4.
Electroencephalogram
Correct Answer
A. Record of the electricity in the brain
Explanation
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain. It involves placing electrodes on the scalp to detect the electrical signals produced by the brain cells. These signals are then amplified and recorded, creating a graphical representation of the brain's electrical activity. Therefore, an EEG is a record of the electricity in the brain.
5.
Diagnosis
Correct Answer
D. Made on the basis of the complete knowledge about the patients condition
Explanation
The correct answer is "Made on the basis of the complete knowledge about the patients condition." A diagnosis is made by a healthcare professional after gathering all the necessary information about the patient's symptoms, medical history, and conducting relevant tests. It involves analyzing and interpreting the collected data to identify the specific disease or condition that the patient is suffering from. The diagnosis is crucial as it helps in determining the appropriate treatment plan for the patient.
6.
Cancerous tumor
Correct Answer
C. Carcinoma
Explanation
Carcinoma is the correct answer because it refers to a type of cancerous tumor that originates from the epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the organs and tissues in the body. Carcinomas are the most common type of cancer and can occur in various parts of the body, including the skin, lungs, breast, prostate, and colon. They can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Other options such as hematoma, adenoma, and neurotomy are not related to cancerous tumors. Carcinogenic refers to substances or agents that can cause cancer.
7.
Microscopic examination of living tissue
Correct Answer
C. Biopsy
Explanation
Biopsy is the correct answer because it involves the microscopic examination of living tissue. A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body for examination under a microscope to diagnose or monitor a condition. It is commonly done to investigate the presence of cancer or other diseases. Unlike an autopsy, which is performed after death, a biopsy is performed on living tissue to provide a more accurate diagnosis.
8.
Removal of a gland
Correct Answer
E. Adenectomy
Explanation
Adenectomy refers to the surgical removal of a gland. This term is derived from "aden," which means gland, and "ectomy," which means removal. Therefore, adenectomy is the correct answer as it directly relates to the given term "removal of a gland." Gastrotomy refers to the surgical incision into the stomach, gastric refers to anything related to the stomach, hepatic resection refers to the surgical removal of a part of the liver, and nephric section refers to the surgical removal of a part of the kidney.
9.
Pathologist is one who:
Correct Answer
C. Performs autopsies and reads biopsies
Explanation
A pathologist is a medical professional who specializes in examining and diagnosing diseases by analyzing tissue samples obtained from autopsies and biopsies. They are trained to study the structure and function of cells and tissues under a microscope, allowing them to identify any abnormalities or diseases present. This expertise enables them to provide valuable information to other healthcare professionals for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients.
10.
Pain in a joint:
Correct Answer
E. Arthralgia
Explanation
Arthralgia refers to pain in a joint. It is a medical term used to describe joint pain, which can be caused by various factors such as injury, inflammation, or infection. Arthralgia is not a specific condition or disease, but rather a symptom of an underlying problem affecting the joint. It is important to identify the cause of arthralgia in order to determine the appropriate treatment.
11.
Inflammation of the nose:
Correct Answer
E. Rhinitis
Explanation
Rhinitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the nose. It is a common condition that is usually caused by allergies or infections. Symptoms of rhinitis include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, itching, and congestion. Treatment options for rhinitis include over-the-counter medications, nasal sprays, and allergy shots.
12.
Pertaining to through the liver:
Correct Answer
C. Transhepatic
Explanation
The term "transhepatic" refers to something that occurs through or across the liver. This could be in reference to a medical procedure or the movement of substances within the body. It is the most suitable option among the given choices as it directly relates to the liver. The other options, such as subrenal (below the kidneys), transdermal (through the skin), subhepatic (below the liver), and hepatoma (a type of liver cancer), do not specifically pertain to the liver in the same way as "transhepatic" does.
13.
High level of sugar in the blood:
Correct Answer
D. Hyperglycemic
Explanation
Hyperglycemic refers to a high level of sugar in the blood. This condition typically occurs in individuals with diabetes when their body is unable to effectively regulate blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia can lead to various symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. It is important to manage hyperglycemia to prevent complications such as kidney damage, nerve damage, and cardiovascular problems. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medication, and insulin therapy to maintain blood sugar levels within a healthy range.
14.
Pertaining to produced by treatment
Correct Answer
A. Iatrogenic
Explanation
Iatrogenic is the correct answer. This term refers to any condition or illness that is caused by medical treatment or intervention. It is commonly used to describe negative side effects or complications that arise as a result of medical procedures, medications, or therapies.
15.
Cancerous tumor
Correct Answer
A. Carcinoma
Explanation
The correct answer is "carcinoma." Carcinoma is a type of cancerous tumor that originates in the epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the organs and tissues of the body. It is one of the most common types of cancer and can occur in various parts of the body, including the breast, lung, prostate, and colon. The other options provided, "carsinoma" and "karsinoma," are likely misspellings or variations of the correct term.
16.
High blood sugar
Correct Answer
C. Hyperglycemia
Explanation
Hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels in the body. It occurs when the body is unable to produce enough insulin or properly use insulin to regulate blood sugar. This can be caused by factors such as diabetes, certain medications, stress, or a poor diet. Symptoms of hyperglycemia include frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow healing of wounds. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as nerve damage, cardiovascular disease, and kidney problems. Therefore, hyperglycemia is the correct answer in this case.
17.
Disease of the intestines
Correct Answer
C. Enteropathy
Explanation
Enteropathy is the correct answer because it refers to a disease or disorder of the intestines. The term "enteropathy" is derived from the Greek words "enteron" meaning intestine and "pathos" meaning disease. It is a general term that encompasses various conditions affecting the intestines, such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease, and microscopic colitis. Therefore, enteropathy accurately describes a disease of the intestines.
18.
Arhtr/o
Correct Answer
C. Joint
Explanation
The term "Arhtr/o" refers to joints in medical terminology. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "joint".
19.
Cyst/o
Correct Answer
A. Urinary bladder
Explanation
The term "cyst/o" refers to the urinary bladder. This is because "cyst/o" is a combining form that is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate the bladder. Therefore, the correct answer is "urinary bladder."
20.
Encephal/o
Correct Answer
B. Brain
Explanation
The term "encephal/o" refers to the brain. It is derived from the Greek word "enkephalos" which means "brain". This prefix is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate something related to the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is "brain".
21.
Aden/o
Correct Answer
B. Gland
Explanation
The term "aden/o" refers to a gland. This prefix is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate the presence or involvement of a gland. Therefore, the correct answer is gland.
22.
Carcin/o
Correct Answer
A. Cancer
Explanation
The term "carcin/o" refers to cancer, which is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. It is a condition that affects various parts of the body and can lead to serious health complications if not treated. The other options, "to secrete" and "heart," do not relate to the term "carcin/o" and are not associated with cancer. Therefore, the correct answer is cancer.
23.
Cephal/o
Correct Answer
B. Head
Explanation
The term "Cephal/o" refers to the head. The other options, such as intestines and cell, do not have any relation to the term "Cephal/o". Therefore, the correct answer is head.
24.
Hepat/o
Correct Answer
A. Liver
Explanation
The term "hepat/o" is a combining form that specifically refers to the liver. It is derived from the Greek word "hepar," which means liver. Therefore, when "hepat/o" is used in medical terminology, it indicates a relationship or involvement with the liver. In this context, the correct answer is "liver" because "hepat/o" is directly related to the liver.
25.
Ped/o
Correct Answer
B. Child
Explanation
The term "ped/o" is a combining form derived from the Greek word "paido" which means child. It is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to anything related to children or childhood. In this context, "ped/o" is used to indicate the word "child" in relation to the term "bone disease". Therefore, the correct answer is child.
26.
Ren/o
Correct Answer
B. Kidney
Explanation
The word "Ren/o" is a root that refers to the kidney. This is evident in medical terms such as "renal" and "nephrology" which are related to the kidney. Therefore, the correct answer is kidney.
27.
Peri-
Correct Answer
B. Surrounding, around
Explanation
The prefix "peri-" means surrounding or around. It is used to indicate that something is located or happening around a particular area or object. For example, in words like perimeter or periscope, the "peri-" prefix signifies the idea of being around or surrounding something. Therefore, the correct answer is "surrounding, around".
28.
Trans-
Correct Answer
A. Across, through
Explanation
The prefix "trans-" means "across" or "through." It can be used to indicate movement from one side to the other or passing through something. Therefore, the correct answer is "across, through."
29.
Hypo-
Correct Answer
B. Deficient, below, under, less than normal
Explanation
The term "hypo-" is a prefix that means "below" or "under." Therefore, when combined with the word "deficient," it suggests that something is below or under the normal level. Similarly, the words "below" and "under" also indicate a level that is less than normal. Therefore, the correct answer is "deficient, below, under, less than normal."
30.
Skin
Correct Answer
A. Derm/o
Explanation
The term "derm/o" refers to the skin. It is derived from the Greek word "derma," which means skin. This prefix is commonly used in medical terminology to describe conditions or procedures related to the skin, such as dermatology (the study of skin diseases) or dermatitis (inflammation of the skin). Therefore, "derm/o" is the correct answer in this case as it directly relates to the topic of skin.
31.
Flesh
Correct Answer
H. Sarc/o
Explanation
The term "sarc/o" refers to flesh or connective tissue. It is a combining form used in medical terminology to indicate conditions or structures related to the flesh. This can include diseases or disorders affecting the muscles, tendons, or other connective tissues in the body.
32.
Bone
Correct Answer
K. Oste/o
Explanation
The correct answer is "oste/o". This is because "oste/o" is a combining form that means bone. It is used in medical terms related to bones, such as osteoporosis (porous bones) and osteotomy (surgical cutting of bone).
33.
To cut
Correct Answer
L. Sect/o
Explanation
The term "sect/o" refers to the act of cutting or dividing. This term is commonly used in medical terminology to describe surgical procedures that involve cutting or separating tissues or organs. It is derived from the Latin word "sectio," which means "a cutting." Therefore, "sect/o" is the correct answer as it relates to the action of cutting.
34.
Pain of nerves
Correct Answer
B. Neuralgia
Explanation
Neuralgia refers to severe, shooting, or stabbing pain along the course of a nerve. It is often caused by irritation or damage to the nerve, which can occur due to various factors such as infection, inflammation, or injury. In the given options, nephrectomy refers to the surgical removal of a kidney, and osteitis refers to inflammation of the bone. While both can cause pain, they do not specifically refer to nerve pain. Therefore, neuralgia is the most appropriate answer in the context of pain related to nerves.
35.
Blood cell that carries oxygen
Correct Answer
A. Erythrocyte
Explanation
An erythrocyte is a blood cell that carries oxygen. It is also known as a red blood cell. These cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body's tissues and organs. Erythrocytes contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and allows it to be transported throughout the body. This process is essential for maintaining proper oxygen levels in the body and ensuring that all cells receive the oxygen they need to function properly.
36.
Resection of a kidney
Correct Answer
M. Nephrectomy
Explanation
Nephrectomy refers to the surgical removal of a kidney. It is the correct answer because it is the only term in the list that specifically relates to a medical procedure. The other terms are related to various medical conditions, tools, or processes, but only nephrectomy refers to the actual removal of a kidney.
37.
Pertaining to an abnormal condition produced by a treatment
Correct Answer
A. Iatrogenic
Explanation
Iatrogenic refers to an abnormal condition that is caused by a medical treatment or intervention. It is often used to describe complications or side effects that arise as a result of medical procedures, medications, or therapies. This term is important in the field of medicine as it helps healthcare professionals identify and understand the potential risks and consequences of various treatments. It reminds us that while medical interventions aim to heal and improve health, they can also inadvertently cause harm or additional health problems.
38.
Incision of the stomach
Correct Answer
B. Gastrotomy
Explanation
Gastrotomy is the correct answer because it refers to the surgical incision of the stomach. This procedure is performed to gain access to the stomach for various purposes such as removing foreign objects, repairing stomach ulcers, or performing gastric bypass surgery. Cystoscopy, hematoma, hyperglycemia, adenopathy, and biopsy do not involve the incision of the stomach and are unrelated to the given question.
39.
Mass or collection of blood
Correct Answer
E. Hemotoma
Explanation
A hematoma is a mass or collection of blood that forms outside of a blood vessel, usually as a result of an injury or trauma. It occurs when blood leaks from damaged blood vessels and pools in the surrounding tissues. Hematomas can vary in size and severity, and they often cause swelling, pain, and discoloration of the skin. Treatment for a hematoma may involve applying ice, elevating the affected area, and in some cases, draining the accumulated blood.
40.
Slight increase in numbers of white blood cells as response to infection
Correct Answer
E. Leukocytosis
Explanation
Leukocytosis refers to a slight increase in the number of white blood cells in the body, which is a normal response to an infection. It is not related to carcinogenic (causing cancer), leukemia (a type of blood cancer), neuralgia (nerve pain), or osteitis (inflammation of the bone). The correct answer is leukocytosis because it accurately describes the given scenario of an increase in white blood cells in response to an infection.
41.
Arthrotomy
Correct Answer
B. Ro
Explanation
The term "arthrotomy" is broken down into three parts: "arth," "ro," and "tomy." "Arth" refers to the joint, "ro" refers to a combining form meaning "flow" or "discharge," and "tomy" refers to a surgical incision or cutting. Therefore, "ro" is the correct answer as it represents the combining form meaning "flow" or "discharge."
42.
Cystoscopy
Correct Answer
B. Tos
43.
Gastrectomy
Correct Answer
B. Trec
44.
Cytology
Correct Answer
B. Tol
45.
Select the term that is spelled correctly:
Correct Answer
A. Erythrocyte
Explanation
Erythrocyte is the correct spelling for a type of red blood cell. The term refers to the cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. The incorrect spelling "erthyrocyte" is missing the letter "r" in the middle of the word.
46.
Select the term that is spelled correctly:
Correct Answer
B. Ophthalmoscopy
Explanation
The term "ophthalmoscopy" is spelled correctly. Ophthalmoscopy refers to the examination of the interior of the eye, particularly the retina, using an instrument called an ophthalmoscope. The correct spelling of the term follows the standard spelling conventions for medical terminology, where "ophthalmo-" refers to the eye and "-scopy" refers to the examination or observation of a body part.
47.
Select the term that is spelled correctly:
Correct Answer
A. Thrombocyte
Explanation
The term "thrombocyte" is spelled correctly. It refers to a type of blood cell that is involved in blood clotting. The alternative term "thrombocyt" is not a recognized medical term and is therefore spelled incorrectly.
48.
Select the term that is spelled correctly:
Correct Answer
B. Sarcoma
Explanation
The term "sarcoma" is spelled correctly. Sacroma is not a recognized term.
49.
Select the term that is spelled correctly:
Correct Answer
B. Biopsy
Explanation
The term "biopsy" is spelled correctly. It refers to a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body for examination and diagnosis. The term "biospy" is misspelled and does not exist.
50.
Part of the cell where formation of proteins occurs:
Correct Answer
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation
The endoplasmic reticulum is a cell organelle involved in the synthesis and modification of proteins. It consists of a network of membranes that are responsible for the transport of proteins within the cell. The ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum are involved in the synthesis of proteins, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the metabolism of lipids and detoxification of drugs. Therefore, the endoplasmic reticulum is the correct answer as it is the site where the formation of proteins occurs in a cell.