Lom Chap 1-chap 4

Iatrogenic is the correct answer. This term refers to any condition or illness that is caused by medical treatment or intervention. It is commonly used to describe negative side effects or complications that arise as a result of medical procedures, medications, or therapies.

The correct answer is "carcinoma." Carcinoma is a type of cancerous tumor that originates in the epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the organs and tissues of the body. It is one of the most common types of cancer and can occur in various parts of the body, including the breast, lung, prostate, and colon. The other options provided, "carsinoma" and "karsinoma," are likely misspellings or variations of the correct term.

The term "encephal/o" refers to the brain. It is derived from the Greek word "enkephalos" which means "brain". This prefix is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate something related to the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is "brain".

The term "aden/o" refers to a gland. This prefix is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate the presence or involvement of a gland. Therefore, the correct answer is gland.

The term "sarc/o" refers to flesh or connective tissue. It is a combining form used in medical terminology to indicate conditions or structures related to the flesh. This can include diseases or disorders affecting the muscles, tendons, or other connective tissues in the body.

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain. It involves placing electrodes on the scalp to detect the electrical signals produced by the brain cells. These signals are then amplified and recorded, creating a graphical representation of the brain's electrical activity. Therefore, an EEG is a record of the electricity in the brain.

Carcinoma is the correct answer because it refers to a type of cancerous tumor that originates from the epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the organs and tissues in the body. Carcinomas are the most common type of cancer and can occur in various parts of the body, including the skin, lungs, breast, prostate, and colon. They can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Other options such as hematoma, adenoma, and neurotomy are not related to cancerous tumors. Carcinogenic refers to substances or agents that can cause cancer.

Adenectomy refers to the surgical removal of a gland. This term is derived from "aden," which means gland, and "ectomy," which means removal. Therefore, adenectomy is the correct answer as it directly relates to the given term "removal of a gland." Gastrotomy refers to the surgical incision into the stomach, gastric refers to anything related to the stomach, hepatic resection refers to the surgical removal of a part of the liver, and nephric section refers to the surgical removal of a part of the kidney.

The prefix "neo-" means new or recent. It is used to indicate something that is modern or innovative. In the context of the given options, "neo-" is the most appropriate choice as it aligns with the theme of newness or novelty. "Macro-" refers to something large or on a large scale, "para-" means beside or alongside, and "para-" is not a commonly used prefix. Therefore, "neo-" is the correct answer.

A congenital anomaly refers to an irregularity or abnormality that is present at birth. It is a condition or defect that occurs during fetal development in the womb and is present in the baby at the time of birth. This can include structural abnormalities, functional impairments, or genetic disorders. The term "congenital" indicates that the anomaly is present from birth, distinguishing it from conditions that develop later in life. Therefore, the given answer "congenital anomaly" is the correct explanation for the term "irregularity at birth".

The prefix "tachy-" refers to something that is fast or accelerated. It is commonly used in medical terms to indicate a rapid or fast condition. Therefore, the correct answer is "tachy-".

The term "dyspnea" refers to difficult or labored breathing. It is a symptom that can be caused by various medical conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, or heart failure. When a person experiences dyspnea, they may feel a sensation of not being able to breathe properly or fully. This can be accompanied by feelings of tightness in the chest or shortness of breath. Difficulty breathing can significantly impact a person's ability to perform daily activities and may require medical intervention to address the underlying cause.

The given list consists of adjectives that describe the speed or pace of something. "Slow" is the only word in the list that fits this category, as it directly describes a slow speed or pace. The other words do not convey the same meaning and are unrelated to speed.

A laryngectomy is the surgical removal of the voice box, also known as the larynx. This procedure is typically performed to treat cancer of the larynx or severe injury to the larynx. After a laryngectomy, the patient will no longer be able to speak using their vocal cords, but they may learn alternative methods of communication such as using a speech prosthesis or learning sign language.

The term "hepat/o" refers to the liver. It is a combining form used in medical terminology to indicate a relationship or involvement with the liver. For example, hepatomegaly refers to an enlarged liver, and hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver. Therefore, "hepat/o" is the correct answer in this case as it directly relates to the term "liver".

The term "my/o" refers to muscle. It is a combining form used to describe muscles or muscle-related terms. For example, myopathy is a condition that affects the muscles. The other options, "myel/o" and "morph/o," do not relate to muscles. "Myel/o" refers to bone marrow or spinal cord, while "morph/o" refers to form or shape. Therefore, the correct answer is "my/o" because it specifically pertains to muscles.

The opposite of -malacia is -sclerosis because -malacia refers to abnormal softening of a tissue or organ, while -sclerosis refers to abnormal hardening or thickening. These terms are often used to describe pathological conditions in the body. Therefore, -sclerosis is the opposite of -malacia as it represents the opposite process of tissue change.

The term "-stomy" refers to the surgical creation of a permanent opening to the outside of the body. This can be seen in medical procedures such as colostomy (creation of an opening in the colon) or tracheostomy (creation of an opening in the trachea). The other options, "-tomy" and "-ectomy," refer to surgical procedures involving cutting or removal of tissue, while "section" and "resection" simply refer to the act of cutting or removing a part of the body. Therefore, "-stomy" is the correct answer as it specifically relates to the creation of an opening.

A malignant tumor of flesh, specifically connective tissue, is known as sarcoma. The term sarcoma refers to a type of cancer that originates in the bones, muscles, cartilage, blood vessels, or other connective tissues of the body. It is important to note that sarcomas are different from carcinomas, which are cancers that develop in epithelial tissues such as the skin or the lining of organs. Therefore, sarcoma is the correct answer in this case.

The proximal end of the humerus is at the shoulder. The term "proximal" refers to a location that is closer to the center of the body or the point of attachment. In this case, the proximal end of the humerus is the end that is closer to the shoulder joint, which is the point of attachment for the arm bone. Therefore, the proximal end of the humerus is located at the shoulder.

The liver lies superior to the intestines because it is located above or higher in position than the intestines.

The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions. This plane runs from front to back, separating the body into symmetrical halves. It is commonly used in anatomical and medical studies to visualize structures and movements in a side-to-side perspective. The term "sagittal" is derived from the Latin word "sagitta," meaning arrow, which refers to the shape of this plane when viewed from the front or back.

The word "necrosis" is divided into two parts: "ne" and "cro". The term "cro" is the root of the word, which means "decay" or "death". "Ne" is a prefix that means "not" or "without". Therefore, when combined, "necrosis" refers to the death or decay of cells or tissues.

Gastrotomy is the correct answer because it refers to the surgical incision of the stomach. This procedure is performed to gain access to the stomach for various purposes such as removing foreign objects, repairing stomach ulcers, or performing gastric bypass surgery. Cystoscopy, hematoma, hyperglycemia, adenopathy, and biopsy do not involve the incision of the stomach and are unrelated to the given question.

The term "cervic/o" refers to the neck region. It is derived from the Latin word "cervix" which means neck. Therefore, when the term "cervic/o" is used, it is indicating the area of the body that pertains to the neck.

Leukocytosis refers to a slight increase in the number of white blood cells in the body, which is a normal response to an infection. It is not related to carcinogenic (causing cancer), leukemia (a type of blood cancer), neuralgia (nerve pain), or osteitis (inflammation of the bone). The correct answer is leukocytosis because it accurately describes the given scenario of an increase in white blood cells in response to an infection.

The term "chondr/o" refers to cartilage. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is flexible and provides support to various parts of the body, such as the joints, nose, and ears. It is a firm but flexible tissue that cushions the bones and helps them move smoothly. The presence of "chondr/o" in the options suggests that it is related to cartilage, making it the correct answer.

The prefix "inter-" means "between" or "among." Therefore, the correct answer is "between" as it accurately represents the meaning of the prefix.

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The word "Brady" is given, followed by three options: slow, fast, and with, together. Out of these options, "slow" is the correct answer because it is the opposite of "fast" and makes sense in the given context. The other options, "fast" and "with, together", do not fit the given word "Brady". Therefore, the correct answer is "slow".

Metastasis refers to the spread of a cancerous tumor from its original site to other parts of the body. It occurs when cancer cells break away from the primary tumor and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, allowing them to travel to distant organs or tissues. This process is beyond control as it is a natural progression of the disease and can occur even with the best medical interventions. Therefore, metastasis is the correct term to describe the spread of a cancerous tumor.

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Erythrocyte is the correct spelling for a type of red blood cell. The term refers to the cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. The incorrect spelling "erthyrocyte" is missing the letter "r" in the middle of the word.

The term "biopsy" is spelled correctly. It refers to a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body for examination and diagnosis. The term "biospy" is misspelled and does not exist.

The term "hepatomegaly" is spelled correctly. It refers to the abnormal enlargement of the liver. The correct spelling follows the standard medical terminology where "hepato-" refers to the liver and "-megaly" indicates enlargement. "Hepatomeagaly" is an incorrect spelling and does not follow the proper medical terminology.

The correct spelling is "tracheostomy." A tracheostomy is a medical procedure in which a small incision is made in the neck to create a direct airway to the trachea. This procedure is often performed in emergency situations or for patients who have difficulty breathing. The term "trachostomy" is not a recognized medical term and is therefore spelled incorrectly.

The trachea is the correct answer because it is commonly known as the windpipe. The trachea is a tube-like structure that connects the larynx to the bronchi, allowing air to pass in and out of the lungs. It is an important part of the respiratory system and plays a crucial role in the process of breathing.

The ureter is the tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder. It is responsible for carrying urine from the kidney to the bladder, allowing for the excretion of waste products from the body. The pleura is the membrane that surrounds the lungs, the trachea is the windpipe, and the urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

The correct answer is "oste/o". This is because "oste/o" is a combining form that means bone. It is used in medical terms related to bones, such as osteoporosis (porous bones) and osteotomy (surgical cutting of bone).

The correct answer is "laryngeal." The word "laryngeal" is the correct spelling of the term pertaining to the voice box, which is also known as the larynx. The other options, "larnygeal" and "laryngel," are misspellings and do not accurately represent the term.

The term "sect/o" refers to the act of cutting or dividing. This term is commonly used in medical terminology to describe surgical procedures that involve cutting or separating tissues or organs. It is derived from the Latin word "sectio," which means "a cutting." Therefore, "sect/o" is the correct answer as it relates to the action of cutting.

The correct answer is pleura. The pleura is a membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the chest cavity. It consists of two layers: the visceral pleura, which is attached to the surface of the lungs, and the parietal pleura, which lines the chest wall. The pleura helps to protect and cushion the lungs, as well as facilitate smooth movement during breathing.

An erythrocyte is a blood cell that carries oxygen. It is also known as a red blood cell. These cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body's tissues and organs. Erythrocytes contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and allows it to be transported throughout the body. This process is essential for maintaining proper oxygen levels in the body and ensuring that all cells receive the oxygen they need to function properly.

The prefix "epi-" means "above" or "on top of". Therefore, the correct answer is "above" as it accurately represents the meaning of the prefix.

The word "hypo-" is a prefix that means "under" or "below." It is used to indicate something that is deficient or insufficient in quantity or quality. Therefore, the correct answer is "deficient, under." This means that the word "hypo-" is the opposite of "excessive" and indicates a lack or insufficiency of something.

The prefix "poly-" means many or much. It is used to indicate a large quantity or number of something.

The suffix "-lysis" refers to the process of breakdown, destruction, or separation. It is commonly used in medical terms to describe the breaking down or destruction of cells, tissues, or substances in the body. This suffix indicates a process of disintegration or separation, such as in terms like hemolysis (the breakdown of red blood cells) or thrombolysis (the destruction of a blood clot). Therefore, the correct answer is breakdown, destruction, separation.

Exophthalmos refers to the protrusion of an eyeball, typically caused by an overactive thyroid gland. This condition leads to an enlargement of the eye socket, causing the eyeball to bulge forward. It can result in various symptoms such as eye irritation, dryness, and difficulty closing the eyelids. Exophthalmos is often associated with Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland. Treatment may involve managing the underlying thyroid condition or surgical intervention in severe cases.

Aminocentesis is a medical procedure that involves the surgical puncture of the sac around the embryo to remove fluid. This procedure is commonly performed during pregnancy to diagnose genetic disorders or other abnormalities in the fetus. The other options mentioned, such as incision of the abdomen or puncture of the chest region, are not related to aminocentesis and do not involve the removal of fluid from the sac around the embryo.

The given answer, "abnormal, beside, near," is a list of words that are related to the term "para." "Abnormal" suggests that something is not normal or deviates from the usual. "Beside" indicates being next to or alongside something. "Near" implies proximity or being close to something. These words all describe the concept of "para" in different ways, highlighting its various associations and meanings.

The term "metastasis" is spelled correctly. It refers to the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. The incorrect option "metastesis" is a misspelling of the term.

Ischemia refers to a condition where blood flow to a specific area of the body is restricted or completely blocked, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients. This can occur due to various reasons such as a blood clot, narrowed blood vessels, or damage to the blood vessels. In the given context, "blood is held back from an area," which aligns with the definition of ischemia. Thrombocyte refers to a platelet involved in blood clotting, anemia refers to a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, hematoma refers to a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, and hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells.

The suffix "-pathy" is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate a disease condition. It is derived from the Greek word "pathos" meaning suffering or disease. Therefore, when "-pathy" is added to the end of a word, it signifies a specific disease or disorder related to that particular organ or system. For example, "neuropathy" refers to a disease or condition affecting the nerves, while "cardiomyopathy" refers to a disease or condition affecting the heart muscle.

The correct answer is between the membranes around the lungs because the pleural cavity is the space located between the visceral and parietal pleura, which are the two membranes that surround the lungs. This cavity contains a small amount of fluid that helps reduce friction during breathing and allows the lungs to expand and contract smoothly.

The word "penia" is a suffix that means deficiency or lack of something. In this case, the word "penia" is combined with the prefix "de-" to form the word "deficiency," which means a lack or shortage of something. Therefore, the correct answer is deficiency.

Apnea refers to the temporary cessation or pause in breathing. It is characterized by the absence of airflow through the nose or mouth for a period of time. This can be caused by various factors such as obstruction in the airway, neurological disorders, or respiratory muscle weakness. During an episode of apnea, the individual may experience a lack of oxygen supply to the body, leading to symptoms like gasping or choking. Therefore, apnea is a suitable explanation for the given term "Not breathing".

The correct answer is "erythrocyte" because it is another term for a red blood cell. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues and removing carbon dioxide. They are the most abundant type of blood cell and have a distinct red color due to the presence of the protein hemoglobin.

The term "Arhtr/o" refers to joints in medical terminology. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "joint".

The term "hypo-" is a prefix that means "below" or "under." Therefore, when combined with the word "deficient," it suggests that something is below or under the normal level. Similarly, the words "below" and "under" also indicate a level that is less than normal. Therefore, the correct answer is "deficient, below, under, less than normal."

Cystoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the visual examination of the urinary bladder. It is performed using a cystoscope, a thin tube with a camera and light at the end, which is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. This allows doctors to visually inspect the bladder for any abnormalities, such as tumors, stones, or inflammation. Cystoscopy is a commonly used diagnostic tool for evaluating urinary tract conditions and can also be used to guide certain treatments, such as the removal of bladder stones or the biopsy of suspicious tissues.

Biopsy is the correct answer because it involves the microscopic examination of living tissue. A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body for examination under a microscope to diagnose or monitor a condition. It is commonly done to investigate the presence of cancer or other diseases. Unlike an autopsy, which is performed after death, a biopsy is performed on living tissue to provide a more accurate diagnosis.

The larynx, also known as the voice box, is the correct answer because it is the organ responsible for producing sound and allowing us to speak. It is located in the throat and contains the vocal cords, which vibrate when air passes through them, producing sound. The other options mentioned, such as the bronchial tube, pharynx, esophagus, and tongue, are not directly involved in the production of sound or speech.

The term "supine" refers to the position of lying on the back. This means that the person is lying face up, with the back resting against a surface. It is the opposite of the prone position, which is lying on the belly. The other options - conducting towards a structure, in front of the body, and pertaining to the side - do not accurately describe the meaning of "supine".

The RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant) is a region in the abdomen where the liver is located. The liver is the largest organ in the body and plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes, such as detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile production. Therefore, it is correct to say that the RUQ contains the liver.

The correct answer is "viscera." Viscera refers to the internal organs of the body, specifically those located in the abdominal cavity. It includes organs such as the liver, intestines, and stomach. The term "vicsera" and "vissera" are incorrect spellings and do not have any meaning in relation to internal organs.

Nephrectomy refers to the surgical removal of a kidney. It is the correct answer because it is the only term in the list that specifically relates to a medical procedure. The other terms are related to various medical conditions, tools, or processes, but only nephrectomy refers to the actual removal of a kidney.

Iatrogenic refers to an abnormal condition that is caused by a medical treatment or intervention. It is often used to describe complications or side effects that arise as a result of medical procedures, medications, or therapies. This term is important in the field of medicine as it helps healthcare professionals identify and understand the potential risks and consequences of various treatments. It reminds us that while medical interventions aim to heal and improve health, they can also inadvertently cause harm or additional health problems.

The term "ophthalmoscopy" is spelled correctly. Ophthalmoscopy refers to the examination of the interior of the eye, particularly the retina, using an instrument called an ophthalmoscope. The correct spelling of the term follows the standard spelling conventions for medical terminology, where "ophthalmo-" refers to the eye and "-scopy" refers to the examination or observation of a body part.

The term "sarcoma" is spelled correctly. Sacroma is not a recognized term.

The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that allows materials to pass into and out of the cell. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that regulate the movement of substances. This allows essential nutrients, ions, and waste products to enter and exit the cell, maintaining homeostasis. The cell membrane also plays a crucial role in cell signaling and communication with the external environment.

The space in the chest between the lungs is known as the mediastinum. It is an anatomical region that contains vital structures such as the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, and lymph nodes. The mediastinum acts as a central compartment that separates the lungs and houses these important organs and structures.

Viscera refers to the internal organs of the body. These organs are located within the cavities of the body, such as the abdominal and thoracic cavities. They include organs such as the heart, lungs, liver, and intestines. The term "viscera" specifically refers to the organs that are involved in the body's vital functions and are not visible from the outside. Therefore, the correct answer is "internal organs".

The word "metamorphosis" refers to a process of transformation or change in shape or form. It can be seen in various contexts such as the transformation of a caterpillar into a butterfly or the transformation of a tadpole into a frog. The other options mentioned in the question, such as paralysis of limbs, spread of a cancerous growth, precancerous, and death, do not accurately capture the meaning of metamorphosis. Therefore, the correct answer is the change in shape or form.

Contralateral refers to the opposite side of the body or a structure. In this context, it means pertaining to the opposite side. The term bilateral refers to both sides of the body or a structure. Anteflexion refers to the forward bending of an organ or body part. Antepartum refers to the period before childbirth. Therefore, the term that best fits the given description is contralateral.

The word "Dia-" means through or across, and "flow" refers to the movement of something. Therefore, "Dia-flow" suggests the complete movement or flow through something. The other options like "down," "against," and "near" do not convey the idea of completeness or movement through something. Hence, the correct answer is "complete, through."

The given answer consists of three words - abnormal, near, and beside. These words are examples of prepositions that can be used to indicate location or position. Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. In this case, the prepositions abnormal, near, and beside are used to describe the position or location of something in relation to something else.

The correct answer is surgical repair of a blood vessel. Angioplasty is a medical procedure that involves opening up blocked or narrowed blood vessels. It is done by inserting a small balloon into the vessel and inflating it to widen the space. This helps improve blood flow. However, angioplasty does not involve repairing the blood vessel itself. Surgical repair of a blood vessel, on the other hand, refers to a procedure where the damaged or diseased blood vessel is repaired through surgical intervention.

The correct answer is sarc/o. The term "sarc/o" refers to flesh or connective tissue. It is commonly used in medical terminology to describe conditions or structures related to the flesh or connective tissue. The other terms listed, "splen/o" and "sacr/o," do not have the same meaning and are not related to flesh.

Hypertrophy refers to the increase in the size or mass of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of individual cells. It is often a response to increased workload or stimulation. In the context of the given terms, excessive development, hypoplasia, dystrophy, and achondroplasia do not specifically refer to an increase in size. However, hypertrophy directly relates to the concept of enlargement, making it the most appropriate term among the options provided.

A thrombocyte is a clotting cell that plays a crucial role in blood clotting. It helps in the formation of blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding. Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are small cell fragments that are produced in the bone marrow. When there is an injury or damage to blood vessels, thrombocytes adhere to the site and release chemicals that initiate the clotting process. They also help in sealing the wound and promoting the healing process. Therefore, thrombocytes are essential for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system and preventing excessive blood loss.

Tachycardia refers to a condition characterized by an abnormally fast heart rate. The symptoms mentioned in the question, such as bad, painful swallowing and inability to swallow, are not directly related to tachycardia. However, rapid breathing and rapid heartbeat are commonly associated with tachycardia. Therefore, the correct answer is rapid heartbeat.

The suffix "-plasia" is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate the formation or development of a particular tissue or organ. It is derived from the Greek word "plassein," which means "to form." Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "formation," as "-plasia" signifies the process of forming or developing something.

The term "Crani/o" refers to the skull. It is derived from the Greek word "kranion" which means skull. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "skull".

The term "inguin/o" refers to the groin area, which is the crease or junction between the abdomen and the thigh. This area is located on either side of the pubic bone and is commonly associated with the muscles, tendons, and ligaments that support the lower abdominal organs. Therefore, "groin" is the correct answer as it accurately represents the anatomical term "inguin/o" and its corresponding location.

The term "sarc/o" refers to flesh or connective tissue, while "sacrum" is a bone located at the base of the spine. The combination of these two terms suggests that the answer "flesh" is the most appropriate choice. It indicates that the term "sarc/o" is related to the flesh or tissue surrounding the sacrum bone.

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The term "myelogram" is spelled correctly. A myelogram is a diagnostic procedure that involves injecting a contrast dye into the spinal canal to visualize the spinal cord and nerves. The term is derived from "myelo," which refers to the spinal cord, and "gram," which means a record or image. Therefore, "myelogram" is the correct spelling for this medical term.

The prefix "ante-" means "before". It is used to indicate something that occurs prior to or in front of something else. For example, "antebellum" means "before the war" and "antedate" means "to occur before a specified time". Therefore, the correct answer is "before".

The pharynx is the correct answer because it is a part of the throat. It is a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus and larynx. The pharynx plays a crucial role in the respiratory and digestive systems by allowing the passage of air and food. Adipose tissue, cartilage, and the larynx are all related to the throat, but they are not specifically synonymous with the term "throat" like the pharynx is.

The given answer "toward" is the correct choice because it is the opposite of "away from." It indicates movement or direction in the specific direction of something or someone.

The term "-centesis" refers to a surgical procedure that involves puncturing a body cavity or organ to remove fluid. This procedure is commonly used to drain excess fluid or to obtain a sample for diagnostic purposes. The other options, "formation" and "softening," do not accurately describe the meaning of "-centesis." Therefore, the correct answer is "surgical puncture to remove fluid."

The word "cephalic" is made up of the root "cephal" which means head, and the suffix "ic" which means relating to. Therefore, "cephalic" means relating to the head. The correct answer, "phal," is not a valid root or suffix in this context and does not contribute to the meaning of the word.

The term "seps/o" is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to infection. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "infection".

The term "ophthalmology" is spelled correctly. It refers to the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye. The incorrect spelling "opthalmology" is missing the letter "h" after the letter "p".

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Tonsillitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the lymph tissue in the throat, specifically the tonsils. Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, laryngitis is the inflammation of the voice box, and pharyngeal refers to the throat. While all of these conditions involve inflammation in the throat or respiratory system, only tonsillitis specifically involves inflammation of the lymph tissue in the throat.

The term "bifurcation" is spelled correctly. It refers to the division or splitting into two branches or parts. The other option "biforcation" is not a recognized word in the English language.

The correct answer is "necr/o". The prefix "necr/o" is derived from the Greek word "nekros" meaning death. It is commonly used in medical terminology to denote death or the death of cells or tissues. For example, terms like necrosis (death of cells or tissues) and necropsy (autopsy or examination of a dead body) contain this prefix.