Chemistry Exam Chap 1-4

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Chemistry Exam Chap 1-4 - Quiz


Questions and Answers
  • 1. 

    Which of the following best describe freezing?

    • A.

      Particles in a solid start to change into a gas.

    • B.

      Particles in a solid start to change into a liquid.

    • C.

      Particles in a gas start to change into a liquid.

    • D.

      Particles in a liquid start to change into a solid.

    Correct Answer
    D. Particles in a liquid start to change into a solid.
    Explanation
    Freezing is the process in which particles in a liquid start to change into a solid. This occurs when the temperature of the liquid decreases below its freezing point, causing the particles to slow down and come closer together, forming a solid structure.

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following best describes the arrangement of particles in a solid?

    • A.

      The particles are arranged randomly and none are touching.

    • B.

      The particles are arranged randomly and are all touching.

    • C.

      The particles are arranged regularly and none are touching.

    • D.

      The particles are arranged regularly and are all touching.

    Correct Answer
    D. The particles are arranged regularly and are all touching.
    Explanation
    In a solid, the particles are arranged regularly in a fixed pattern, forming a crystal lattice structure. This means that the particles are positioned in a specific order and are closely packed together, with each particle in contact with its neighboring particles. This arrangement gives solids their definite shape and volume.

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  • 3. 

    Some scientists are testing a spacecraft in different chambers to simulate the effect of a planet’s temperature on nitrogen, which has a melting point of -2100C and a boiling point of -1960C. The Jupiter chamber has a temperature of -1100C, the Saturn Chamber has a temperature of -1400C and the Neptune chamber has a temperature of -2050C. Assuming that the pressure in all chambers is the same as room pressure which of the following statements is true?

    • A.

      Nitrogen is found as a liquid on Jupiter.

    • B.

      Nitrogen is found as a solid on Neptune.

    • C.

      Nitrogen is found as a liquid on Saturn.

    • D.

      Nitrogen is found as a liquid on Neptune.

    Correct Answer
    D. Nitrogen is found as a liquid on Neptune.
  • 4. 

    When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid what is the name of the process?

    • A.

      Evaporation

    • B.

      Boiling.

    • C.

      Melting.

    • D.

      Sublimation.

    Correct Answer
    C. Melting.
    Explanation
    When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid, the process is called melting. This occurs when the substance's temperature increases and reaches its melting point, causing the solid particles to gain enough energy to break their rigid structure and transition into a liquid state. Evaporation refers to the process of a liquid turning into a gas, boiling specifically refers to the rapid vaporization that occurs when a liquid reaches its boiling point, and sublimation is the process in which a solid directly turns into a gas without passing through the liquid state.

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  • 5. 

    Some magnesium chloride powder is dissolved in distilled water. Which of the following sentences is correct?

    • A.

      The magnesium chloride is a solute, the distilled water is the solvent and together they form a magnesium chloride solution.

    • B.

      The magnesium chloride is a solvent, the distilled water is the solvent and together they form a magnesium chloride solute.

    • C.

      The magnesium chloride is a solute, the distilled water is the solution and together they form a magnesium chloride solvent.

    • D.

      The magnesium chloride is a solution, the distilled water is the solvent and together they form a magnesium chloride solute.

    Correct Answer
    A. The magnesium chloride is a solute, the distilled water is the solvent and together they form a magnesium chloride solution.
    Explanation
    In this question, the correct answer is "The magnesium chloride is a solute, the distilled water is the solvent and together they form a magnesium chloride solution." This answer is correct because in a solution, the solute is the substance that is dissolved, while the solvent is the substance that does the dissolving. In this case, the magnesium chloride is being dissolved in the distilled water, making it the solute, and the water is doing the dissolving, making it the solvent. Together, they form a solution of magnesium chloride in water.

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  • 6. 

    In fractional distillation crude oil is separated into the different compounds that it is made up from. To do this the compounds must be changed from liquids into gases. Which of the following will help change the liquids into gases?

    • A.

      By cooling the crude oil.

    • B.

      By keeping the crude oil at room temperature

    • C.

      By heating the crude oil.

    • D.

      By adding water to the crude oil.

    Correct Answer
    C. By heating the crude oil.
    Explanation
    Heating the crude oil will help change the liquids into gases. This is because heating increases the temperature of the crude oil, causing the molecules to gain energy and move more rapidly. As a result, the intermolecular forces holding the liquid molecules together weaken, allowing them to escape into the gas phase. This process is known as vaporization or evaporation. By heating the crude oil, the different compounds can be separated based on their boiling points, as each compound will vaporize at a different temperature.

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  • 7. 

    Some students were conducting an experiment to investigate how quickly a gas diffused along a tube. They wanted to change a variable to see how it affected the speed at which the gas diffused. Which of the following would not affect how fast the gas diffused?

    • A.

      The concentration of gas they used.

    • B.

      The temperature of the room they did the investigation in.

    • C.

      The type of gas they used.

    • D.

      The time of day they did the investigation.

    Correct Answer
    D. The time of day they did the investigation.
    Explanation
    The time of day they did the investigation would not affect how fast the gas diffused. The diffusion of gas is primarily influenced by the concentration of gas, temperature, and the type of gas used. The time of day has no direct impact on the diffusion process.

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  • 8. 

    Oxygen is one of the gases that make up the air around us. Which of the following describes the arrangement of the particles inside oxygen?

    • A.

      The particles are arranged randomly and none are touching.

    • B.

      The particles are arranged randomly and are all touching.

    • C.

      The particles are arranged in regularly and none are touching.

    • D.

      The particles are arranged in regularly and are all touching.

    Correct Answer
    A. The particles are arranged randomly and none are touching.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "The particles are arranged randomly and none are touching." This means that the particles of oxygen are not organized in any specific pattern and they do not come into contact with each other.

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  • 9. 

    Look at the table below and identify the impure substance. Substance Melting point /0C a 45 b 89 c 121-128 d 156

    • A.

      A

    • B.

      B

    • C.

      C

    • D.

      D

    Correct Answer
    C. C
    Explanation
    The impure substance can be identified as substance c because it has a range of melting points (121-128 °C) instead of a specific melting point. This indicates that it is a mixture of different substances rather than a pure substance with a fixed melting point.

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  • 10. 

    Which separation technique is most suitable for obtaining a dissolved solid from a solvent?

    • A.

      Chromatography.

    • B.

      Distillation

    • C.

      Crystallisation.

    • D.

      Filtration.

    Correct Answer
    C. Crystallisation.
    Explanation
    Crystallisation is the most suitable separation technique for obtaining a dissolved solid from a solvent because it involves the formation of crystals from a supersaturated solution. By cooling or evaporating the solvent, the solute molecules come together and form solid crystals, which can then be separated from the remaining liquid. This method is particularly effective for substances with high solubility in a solvent and allows for the purification and isolation of the solid compound.

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  • 11. 

    A soft drinks company have had many complaints about the drink they sell leaving sugar in the bottom of the glass when served with ice. When the drink is made in the factory, sugar is added until a saturated solution is formed at room temperature. What is the most likely explanation for the solid sugar appearing in the drink?

    • A.

      When heated the sugar solution becomes more dilute.

    • B.

      When cooled by the ice the solution cannot dissolve as much sugar and so a saturated solution is formed.

    • C.

      When cooled by the ice the liquid sugar condenses and turns back into solid sugar.

    • D.

      Different liquids have different melting and boiling points.

    Correct Answer
    B. When cooled by the ice the solution cannot dissolve as much sugar and so a saturated solution is formed.
    Explanation
    When the drink is made in the factory, sugar is added to the point where a saturated solution is formed at room temperature. However, when the drink is served with ice, the temperature decreases, causing the solution to cool down. As the temperature decreases, the solubility of sugar in the solution decreases, meaning that the solution cannot dissolve as much sugar as before. This leads to the excess sugar precipitating out of the solution and appearing as solid sugar in the drink.

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  • 12. 

    A number of solids were added to water until they formed a saturated solution. Which of the following solids is the most soluble in water?

    • A.

      100g of solid A dissolves in 50cm3 of water.

    • B.

      25g of solid B dissolves in 10 cm3 of water.

    • C.

      50g of solid C dissolves in 25 cm3 of water.

    • D.

      19g of solid D dissolves in 35 cm3 of water.

    Correct Answer
    B. 25g of solid B dissolves in 10 cm3 of water.
    Explanation
    Solid B is the most soluble in water because it dissolves in the smallest volume of water compared to the other solids. The amount of solid that dissolves in a given volume of water is a measure of its solubility. Therefore, since solid B dissolves in 10 cm3 of water, which is the smallest volume among the given options, it is the most soluble in water.

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  • 13. 

    Some students were investigating the diffusion of different gases. The relative masses of the following gases are: Gas Relative mass Nitrogen 14 Neon 20 Hydrogen chloride 36 Sulfur dioxide 64 Which gas will diffuse most quickly?

    • A.

      Nitrogen.

    • B.

      Neon.

    • C.

      Hydrogen chloride

    • D.

      Sulfur dioxide.

    Correct Answer
    A. Nitrogen.
    Explanation
    Nitrogen will diffuse most quickly because it has the smallest relative mass among the given gases. Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the mass of the particles. Since nitrogen has the smallest relative mass (14), it will have the highest rate of diffusion compared to the other gases with larger relative masses (neon - 20, hydrogen chloride - 36, sulfur dioxide - 64).

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following statements about elements is not true?

    • A.

      Elements contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.

    • B.

      Elements contain equal numbers of neutrons and electrons.

    • C.

      Elements contain protons and neutrons in their nucleus.

    • D.

      Elements contain electrons that orbit around the nucleus.

    Correct Answer
    B. Elements contain equal numbers of neutrons and electrons.
    Explanation
    The statement "Elements contain equal numbers of neutrons and electrons" is not true. Elements do not necessarily contain equal numbers of neutrons and electrons. The number of neutrons in an element can vary, resulting in different isotopes of the same element. However, the number of protons and electrons in an element is always the same, as it determines the element's atomic number and overall charge.

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  • 15. 

    You may need a copy of the periodic table to answer this question. Which one of the following electronic structures represents potassium?

    • A.

      2,8,2

    • B.

      2,8,8

    • C.

      2,8,8,1

    • D.

      2,8,6,2

    Correct Answer
    C. 2,8,8,1
    Explanation
    The electronic structure of an element represents the arrangement of electrons in its atoms. Potassium is an element with atomic number 19, which means it has 19 electrons. The electronic structure 2,8,8,1 represents a total of 19 electrons, which matches the number of electrons in potassium. Therefore, the electronic structure 2,8,8,1 represents potassium.

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  • 16. 

    You may need a copy of the periodic table to answer this question. Which of the following electronic structure represents a noble gas?

    • A.

      2,2

    • B.

      2,8,1

    • C.

      2,8,7

    • D.

      2,8

    Correct Answer
    D. 2,8
    Explanation
    The electronic structure 2,8 represents a noble gas. Noble gases have a full outer electron shell, which is stable and does not readily react with other elements. The electronic structure 2,8 indicates that there are 2 electrons in the first energy level and 8 electrons in the second energy level, resulting in a full outer shell. This is characteristic of noble gases such as helium, neon, and argon.

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  • 17. 

    You may need a copy of the periodic table to answer this question. How many electrons are there in the outer electron shell of aluminium?

    • A.

      3  

    • B.

      6

    • C.

      7

    • D.

      2

    Correct Answer
    A. 3  
    Explanation
    Aluminium is a chemical element with atomic number 13, which means it has 13 electrons. The electron configuration of aluminium is 2-8-3, indicating that it has 3 electrons in its outermost electron shell. Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

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  • 18. 

    A particle has a nucleus that contains 10 protons and around the outside it has 8 electrons. What is the overall charge of the particle?

    • A.

      O

    • B.

      +2

    • C.

      -2

    • D.

      +18

    Correct Answer
    B. +2
    Explanation
    The overall charge of an atom is determined by the number of protons and electrons it has. Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge. In this case, the particle has 10 protons (positive charge) and 8 electrons (negative charge). Since the number of protons is greater than the number of electrons, the particle has an overall positive charge. The correct answer is +2.

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  • 19. 

    You may need a copy of the periodic table to answer this question. Which of the following statements about silicon is not true?

    • A.

      It has a relative mass of 28.

    • B.

      It has the electronic configuration 2,8,4.

    • C.

      It has 4 electrons in its outer electron shell.

    • D.

      It has 15 protons in its nucleus.

    Correct Answer
    D. It has 15 protons in its nucleus.
    Explanation
    Silicon is an element with the atomic number 14, which means it has 14 protons in its nucleus. Therefore, the statement that "It has 15 protons in its nucleus" is not true. The other statements about silicon are correct: it has a relative mass of 28, an electronic configuration of 2,8,4, and 4 electrons in its outer electron shell.

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  • 20. 

    You may need a copy of the periodic table to answer this question.Sodium loses an electron to become the ion Na+. Which of the following atoms or ions has the same electronic structure as the sodium ion?

    • A.

      Mg2+

    • B.

      F

    • C.

      K+

    • D.

      Ne

    Correct Answer
    D. Ne
    Explanation
    The sodium ion, Na+, has lost one electron, resulting in a complete electron configuration of 2,8. Among the given options, the only atom or ion that has the same electronic structure is Ne (Neon). Neon has a complete electron configuration of 2,8, making it the correct answer. Mg2+ has a configuration of 2,8,2, F has a configuration of 2,7, and K+ has a configuration of 2,8,8.

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  • 21. 

    You may need a copy of the periodic table to answer this question. Read the statements below carefully. Which one of them correctly describes the bond formed when potassium combines with chlorine to produce potassium chloride.

    • A.

      One potassium atom and one chlorine atom share a one pair of electrons each.

    • B.

      Two potassium atoms give chlorine two electrons

    • C.

      One chlorine atom gives one potassium atom one electron

    • D.

      One potassium atom gives one electron to one chlorine atom.

    Correct Answer
    D. One potassium atom gives one electron to one chlorine atom.
    Explanation
    When potassium combines with chlorine to produce potassium chloride, the bond formed is an ionic bond. In an ionic bond, one atom transfers electrons to another atom. In this case, one potassium atom transfers one electron to one chlorine atom, resulting in the formation of an ionic bond between them.

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  • 22. 

    Two nitrogen atoms are joined together to form the molecule N2. Which statement correctly describes the bond formed.

    • A.

      A triple covalent bond.

    • B.

      A single covalent bond.

    • C.

      A double covalent bond.

    • D.

      An ionic bond.

    Correct Answer
    A. A triple covalent bond.
    Explanation
    When two nitrogen atoms combine to form the molecule N2, they share three pairs of electrons, resulting in a triple covalent bond. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, and in this case, the sharing of three pairs of electrons creates a strong bond between the nitrogen atoms. This triple covalent bond is responsible for the stability and strength of the N2 molecule.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following is not a property of metals?

    • A.

      Good conductors of heat.

    • B.

      Brittle.

    • C.

      Ductile.

    • D.

      Malleable.

    Correct Answer
    B. Brittle.
    Explanation
    Metals are known for their ability to conduct heat, their ductility (ability to be drawn into wires), and their malleability (ability to be hammered into thin sheets). However, brittleness is not a property of metals. Brittle materials tend to break or shatter easily when subjected to stress or pressure, whereas metals are generally known for their strength and ability to withstand deformation without breaking. Therefore, the correct answer is "Brittle."

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  • 24. 

    Which of the following substances is most likely to be a giant covalent structure?

    • A.

      A green gas.

    • B.

      A brown solid that melts at 1200C and boils at 1850C

    • C.

      A white solid that melts at 7500C and boils at 13600C.

    • D.

      A clear liquid that boils at 780C.

    Correct Answer
    C. A white solid that melts at 7500C and boils at 13600C.
    Explanation
    The given answer suggests that a white solid that melts at a high temperature and boils at an even higher temperature is most likely to be a giant covalent structure. Giant covalent structures are characterized by strong covalent bonds that extend throughout the entire structure, resulting in high melting and boiling points. The high melting and boiling points mentioned in the answer indicate a strong and extensive network of covalent bonds, which is a characteristic feature of giant covalent structures.

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  • 25. 

    Which one of the following statements best describes the difference between graphite and diamond?

    • A.

      In graphite, each carbon atom bonds to three other carbon atoms forming sheets of hexagons, which can slide over each other. In diamond, each carbon atom bonds to four other carbon atoms to give a strong structure in three dimensions.

    • B.

      In diamond, each carbon atom bonds to three other carbon atoms forming sheets of hexagons, which can slide over each other. In graphite, each carbon atom bonds to four other carbon atoms to give a strong structure in three dimensions.

    • C.

      In graphite, each carbon atom bonds to three oxygen atoms forming sheets of hexagons, which can slide over each other. In diamond, each carbon atom bonds to four other carbon atoms to give a strong structure in three dimensions.

    • D.

      In diamond, each carbon atom bonds to one other carbon atom forming sheets of hexagons, which can slide over each other. In diamond, each carbon atom bonds to one other carbon atom to give a strong structure in three dimensions.

    Correct Answer
    A. In grapHite, each carbon atom bonds to three other carbon atoms forming sheets of hexagons, which can slide over each other. In diamond, each carbon atom bonds to four other carbon atoms to give a strong structure in three dimensions.
    Explanation
    Graphite and diamond are both forms of carbon, but they have different structures due to the way the carbon atoms bond with each other. In graphite, each carbon atom forms three bonds with other carbon atoms, creating sheets of hexagons. These sheets can slide over each other, giving graphite its slippery and soft nature. On the other hand, in diamond, each carbon atom forms four bonds with other carbon atoms, creating a strong three-dimensional structure. This makes diamond extremely hard and durable.

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following covalent compounds does not have a simple molecular structure?

    • A.

      H2O

    • B.

      CO2

    • C.

      CH4

    • D.

      SiO2

    Correct Answer
    D. SiO2
    Explanation
    SiO2 does not have a simple molecular structure because it is a network covalent compound. In SiO2, each silicon atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms, and each oxygen atom is bonded to two silicon atoms. This results in a three-dimensional network of covalent bonds throughout the entire compound, rather than discrete molecules. In contrast, H2O, CO2, and CH4 have simple molecular structures, where the atoms are held together by covalent bonds within individual molecules.

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  • 27. 

    Two students are attempting to identify an unknown white crystalline powder. Look at their results below and then decide which type of structure the unknown powder has. Melting point Soluble in water Conducts electricity when solid Conducts electricity when solid 8010C Yes No Yes

    • A.

      Giant ionic.

    • B.

      Metallic.

    • C.

      Giant covalent.

    • D.

      Simple covalent.

    Correct Answer
    A. Giant ionic.
    Explanation
    Based on the information provided, the unknown white crystalline powder has a melting point of 8010C, is soluble in water, and conducts electricity when solid. These characteristics suggest that the powder has a giant ionic structure. Giant ionic structures are formed by the strong electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions, and they typically have high melting points, are soluble in water, and conduct electricity when the ions are free to move.

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  • 28. 

    Propane (C3H8) is often used as a fuel. It has a covalent compound with a simple molecular structure. Which of the following statements is likely to be true?

    • A.

      It has low melting and boiling points.

    • B.

      It is a solid at room temperature.

    • C.

      It is a good conductor of electricity.

    • D.

      It has a strong attraction between its molecules.

    Correct Answer
    A. It has low melting and boiling points.
    Explanation
    Propane is a covalent compound with a simple molecular structure, meaning that its molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces. These weak forces result in low melting and boiling points for propane. Therefore, it is likely that the statement "It has low melting and boiling points" is true.

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  • 29. 

    You may use a Periodic Table for this question. What charge does a magnesium ion have?

    • A.

      2-

    • B.

      0

    • C.

      +1

    • D.

      +2

    Correct Answer
    D. +2
    Explanation
    Magnesium (Mg) is a metal that belongs to group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. It has 12 protons in its nucleus and normally has 12 electrons in its electron cloud, giving it a neutral charge. However, when magnesium loses 2 electrons, it forms a magnesium ion (Mg2+) with a positive charge of +2. This is because the loss of 2 negatively charged electrons leaves the ion with a net positive charge, equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.

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  • 30. 

    Which of the following shows the correct formula for an ammonium ion?

    • A.

      NH3+

    • B.

      NH4+

    • C.

      NH4-

    • D.

      NH3+

    Correct Answer
    B. NH4+
    Explanation
    The correct formula for an ammonium ion is NH4+. This is because ammonium ion is formed when ammonia (NH3) accepts a proton (H+) to form NH4+. The positive charge on the ion indicates the addition of the proton, making it NH4+.

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  • 31. 

    Zinc can be added to sulfuric acid to form zinc sulfate. What is the chemical formula for zinc sulfate?

    • A.

      ZnSO2

    • B.

      ZnH2SO4

    • C.

      Zn2SO4

    • D.

      ZnSO4

    Correct Answer
    D. ZnSO4
    Explanation
    Zinc can react with sulfuric acid to form zinc sulfate. The chemical formula for zinc sulfate is ZnSO4.

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  • 32. 

    You many need a Periodic Table to answer this question. Look at the diagram below and identify which groups X and Y are from. Only the outer electron shell electrons are shown.  

    • A.

      X is from group 2, Y is from group 6

    • B.

      X is from group 1, Y is from group 6

    • C.

      X is from group 2, Y is from group 7

    • D.

      X is from group 1, Y is from group 7

    Correct Answer
    D. X is from group 1, Y is from group 7
    Explanation
    X is from group 1, Y is from group 7. This can be determined by looking at the diagram and identifying the number of outer electron shell electrons for each element. Group 1 elements have 1 outer electron, while group 7 elements have 7 outer electrons. Therefore, X must be from group 1 and Y must be from group 7.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following elements does not form a diatomic molecule?

    • A.

      Chlorine.

    • B.

      Nitrogen

    • C.

      Neon

    • D.

      Hydrogen

    Correct Answer
    C. Neon
    Explanation
    Neon does not form a diatomic molecule because it is a noble gas. Noble gases are characterized by having a full outer electron shell, making them stable and unreactive. As a result, they do not readily form bonds with other atoms to create diatomic molecules.

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  • 34. 

    Why do covalent compounds generally not conduct electricity?

    • A.

      Covalent compounds do not have an overall charge so there are not any charged particles to move around

    • B.

      Covalent compounds have a full outer electron shell.

    • C.

      Covalent compounds are generally unreactive

    • D.

      Covalent compound shave weak attraction between the molecules

    Correct Answer
    A. Covalent compounds do not have an overall charge so there are not any charged particles to move around
    Explanation
    Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in a stable molecular structure. Unlike ionic compounds, which have charged particles (ions) that can move and conduct electricity, covalent compounds do not have an overall charge. This means that there are no free charged particles available to carry an electric current. Therefore, covalent compounds generally do not conduct electricity.

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  • 35. 

    Which type of ions do metals form?

    • A.

      Negative ions

    • B.

      Cations

    • C.

      Anions

    • D.

      They do not for ions

    Correct Answer
    B. Cations
    Explanation
    Metals form cations. Cations are positively charged ions that are formed when metals lose electrons. This occurs because metals have low ionization energies, allowing them to easily lose electrons and achieve a stable electron configuration. As a result, metals tend to form cations in order to achieve a more stable state.

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  • 36. 

    You may need a copy of the periodic table to answer this question. Look at the diagram below. Which element has the electronic structure show?

    • A.

      Carbon

    • B.

      Nitrogen

    • C.

      Oxygen

    • D.

      Sodium

    Correct Answer
    C. Oxygen
    Explanation
    The diagram shows the electronic structure of an element, and the element that matches the diagram is oxygen. Oxygen has 8 electrons, with 2 in the first energy level and 6 in the second energy level. This matches the diagram, which shows 2 electrons in the innermost shell and 6 electrons in the outermost shell. Carbon, nitrogen, and sodium have different numbers of electrons and do not match the diagram.

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