Pathology Of Liver Tumors

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer. This type of cancer originates in the hepatocytes, which are the main type of liver cells. It is typically associated with chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis B or C, alcoholic liver disease, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, and jaundice. It is important to diagnose and treat this cancer early, as it can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body. Treatment options include surgery, liver transplantation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.

The given statement is false. Metastatic liver cancer is actually more common than primary liver cancer. Primary liver cancer refers to cancer that originates in the liver, while metastatic liver cancer refers to cancer that has spread to the liver from another part of the body. Metastatic liver cancer is more common because it can occur as a result of cancer spreading from other organs such as the colon, lung, or breast.

Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant liver tumor in children and infants. It is a rare cancer that usually affects children under the age of 3. Hepatoblastoma originates from immature liver cells and can cause symptoms such as abdominal swelling, weight loss, and jaundice. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis of hepatoblastoma.

Cirrhosis is not a cause of prehepatic portal hypertension. Prehepatic portal hypertension refers to an increase in blood pressure within the portal vein before it reaches the liver. This condition is usually caused by factors outside of the liver, such as portal vein thrombosis or splenic vein thrombosis. Cirrhosis, on the other hand, is a condition that occurs within the liver and is characterized by scarring and damage to liver tissue. While cirrhosis can lead to portal hypertension, it is not considered a cause of prehepatic portal hypertension.

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Angiosarcoma is a rare liver tumor that originates from blood vessels. It is associated with exposure to substances such as Thorotrast, arsenic, and polyvinyl chloride. This tumor is characterized by the proliferation of malignant endothelial cells, which form irregular vascular channels. It can present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, and hepatomegaly. Due to its aggressive nature and tendency for metastasis, angiosarcoma has a poor prognosis. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Hepatic adenoma will have few or absence of bile ducts and Kupffer cells

Cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the liver. It is a vascular tumor that consists of dilated blood vessels. These tumors are usually asymptomatic and are often discovered incidentally during imaging tests. They are typically small and do not require treatment unless they cause symptoms or grow in size. Cavernous hemangiomas are usually benign and have a low risk of becoming cancerous.

Constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy can cause post-hepatic portal hypertension. This is because these conditions can lead to increased pressure in the hepatic veins, which are responsible for draining blood from the liver. When the hepatic veins are obstructed or compressed, blood flow out of the liver is impeded, resulting in increased pressure in the portal vein and portal hypertension.

Hepatic adenoma is a correct answer because it is a type of liver tumor that can develop in men who use anabolic steroids. Anabolic steroids are known to increase the risk of hepatic adenoma formation. This tumor is usually benign but can become malignant in rare cases. It is important to note the association between anabolic steroid use and hepatic adenoma to educate individuals about the potential risks of using these substances.

Cancer originating in the GB, colon, breast, and lung can spread to the liver through the portal veins. The portal veins are responsible for carrying blood from the digestive organs to the liver. When cancer cells break away from the primary tumor, they can enter the bloodstream and travel through the portal veins to reach the liver. This is a common route of metastasis for cancers that are located near or connected to the liver.

Budd-Chiari syndrome is a condition characterized by the blockage or occlusion of the hepatic veins, which are responsible for draining blood from the liver. This obstruction can lead to liver damage and dysfunction. Hepatocellular carcinoma, also known as liver cancer, is a known association with Budd-Chiari syndrome. The liver damage caused by the occlusion of hepatic veins can increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, hepatocellular carcinoma is the correct answer in this context.

Focal nodular hyperplasia is a correct answer because it is a benign liver tumor that is composed of abnormally arranged hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, bile ducts, and fibrous connective tissue. This tumor is typically well-circumscribed and can cause a central scar. It is important to differentiate focal nodular hyperplasia from other liver tumors, such as hepatic adenoma, cavernous hemangioma, and angiomyolipoma, which have different histological features and clinical implications.

Budd-Chiari syndrome is a condition characterized by the obstruction of the hepatic veins, which carry blood out of the liver. This obstruction can occur at various levels, including the hepatic veins, the inferior vena cava, or the right atrium. As a result, blood flow out of the liver is impaired, leading to increased pressure within the hepatic portal system. Since Budd-Chiari syndrome involves obstruction beyond the liver, it is classified as a post-hepatic cause of portal hypertension.

Breast cancer is the correct answer because it typically spreads to other parts of the body through the bloodstream, rather than through the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and lymph nodes that helps to remove waste and fight infections. While breast cancer can spread to lymph nodes in the armpit, it is less likely to spread to the liver through the lymphatic system compared to other types of cancer such as stomach, pancreas, or ovarian cancer.

Peliosis hepatis is a condition characterized by blood-filled cavities within the liver. It is commonly observed in individuals who have undergone liver transplants, as well as those with a history of drug use and HIV infection. This condition can be aggressive and potentially fatal. Angiocarcinoma refers to a cancerous tumor of blood vessels, which is not consistent with the description provided. Hemangioma is a benign tumor made up of blood vessels, which does not match the aggressive and fatal nature mentioned. Hepatoblastoma is a rare liver cancer that primarily affects children, and it is also not in line with the given description. Therefore, peliosis hepatis is the most appropriate answer.

Cavernous hemangioma is not associated with oral contraceptive use. This is because cavernous hemangiomas are benign tumors that result from an abnormal collection of blood vessels, and their development is not influenced by the use of oral contraceptives. On the other hand, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenoma, and other liver tumors are known to be associated with oral contraceptive use.

Jaundice is not a sign of prehepatic portal hypertension. Prehepatic portal hypertension refers to increased pressure in the portal vein before it reaches the liver. It is commonly caused by conditions such as portal vein thrombosis or splenic vein thrombosis. Signs of prehepatic portal hypertension include ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdomen), splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), and normal liver biopsy results. Jaundice, on the other hand, is a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes that occurs due to liver dysfunction, and it is not specifically associated with prehepatic portal hypertension.

Portal hypertension is a condition characterized by increased blood pressure in the portal vein, which carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver. In this condition, the portal vein is dilated to 13 millimeters. This dilation is a result of increased resistance to blood flow within the liver, leading to the enlargement of the vein.

The given description is consistent with hepatic adenoma. Hepatic adenoma is a benign liver tumor composed of normal or slightly atypical hepatocytes. It can exhibit areas of bile stasis, hemorrhage, or necrosis. This description does not match the other options: cavernous hemangioma, von Meyenburg Complex, or bile duct harmatoma.