Can You Pass The Leaving CERT Biology Quiz?

The correct answer is cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills the cell and is responsible for holding organelles in place. It is where many cellular processes take place, such as metabolism and protein synthesis. Ectoplasm and cytokinesis are not correct answers as they refer to different cellular processes.

The correct answer is "Organisation, Nutrition, excretion, response, reproduction." These characteristics are commonly associated with living organisms. Organization refers to the complex structure and arrangement of cells and tissues. Nutrition involves the intake and processing of nutrients for energy and growth. Excretion is the elimination of waste products from the body. Response refers to the ability to react to stimuli in the environment. Reproduction is the ability to produce offspring and pass on genetic information.

The correct answer is Observing, Hypothesis, Experiment, Collection, Conclusion. This sequence represents the steps in the scientific method. First, observations are made to gather information. Then, a hypothesis is formulated to explain the observations. An experiment is conducted to test the hypothesis, and data is collected during the experiment. Finally, a conclusion is drawn based on the collected data, either supporting or disproving the hypothesis.

Ribosomes are responsible for making proteins. They are small structures found in cells and are involved in the process of protein synthesis. Ribosomes read the information in the messenger RNA (mRNA) and use it to assemble amino acids into a chain, which then folds into a functional protein. Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials, mitochondria are involved in energy production, and the option "none" is incorrect as ribosomes play a crucial role in protein synthesis.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) has more potential energy compared to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). This is because ATP has three phosphate groups, while ADP has only two. The additional phosphate group in ATP allows for more energy storage in the high-energy bonds between the phosphate groups. When ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP, one phosphate group is removed, releasing energy that can be used by cells for various metabolic processes. Therefore, ATP is the compound with more potential energy.

Photosynthesis occurs in plants. It is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. This process takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in the chlorophyll pigment. Through photosynthesis, plants are able to produce their own food and release oxygen as a byproduct. Respiration occurs in both plants and animals, and it is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Hence, as the question asks for what occurs in plants, so the correct answer is both respiration and photosynthesis.

Lactic acid fermentation takes place in human muscle cells when oxygen is absent. This process occurs when the body needs to produce energy quickly and there is not enough oxygen available. During intense exercise, the muscles require energy at a faster rate than oxygen can be supplied, leading to the production of lactic acid as a byproduct. This process allows the muscles to continue functioning temporarily without oxygen, but it also leads to the buildup of lactic acid, which can cause muscle fatigue and soreness.

Calcium hydroxide is used to detect carbon dioxide because it reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate. This reaction can be observed by the formation of a white precipitate. Therefore, calcium hydroxide is commonly used in carbon dioxide detectors or absorbents to indicate the presence of carbon dioxide. Sodium hydroxide, ammonia, and chlorine are not typically used for this purpose.

During photosynthesis, water molecules are split in a process known as photolysis, which occurs in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. This process takes place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. The splitting of water molecules releases oxygen (O₂) as a byproduct.