Estuary Last Test Ch 18,19, 20

50 Questions | By Mikeria561 | Updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Attempts: 85

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1.

**Which one of the following applies to a valley glacier that lengthens (extends its terminus downslope) over a period of many years?
- A.
  
  Wastage exceeds accumulation
- B.
  
  Accumulation exceeds wastage
- C.
  
  Accumulation and wastage are about equal
- D.
  
  None of the above.
2.

What type of moraine is formed by the merging of two lateral moraines at a junction of two valley glaciers?
- A.
  
  Kettle
- B.
  
  Ground
- C.
  
  Terminal
- D.
  
  Medial
3.

__________ is one of the two, major flow mechanisms in a glacier.
- A.
  
  Frost heaving
- B.
  
  Crevassal Slip
- C.
  
  Morainal Sliding
- D.
  
  Basal Slip (Sliding)
4.

The_______ was the most recent Pleistocene glacial episode in North America.
- A.
  
  Kansan
- B.
  
  Indianan
- C.
  
  Wisconsinan
- D.
  
  Dakotan
5.

_____ are erosional features produced by valley/alpine glaciers.
- A.
  
  Drumlins
- B.
  
  Cirques
- C.
  
  Moraines
- D.
  
  Eskers
6.

The two types of glaciers are ________.
- A.
  
  Valley and mountain
- B.
  
  Continental and polar
- C.
  
  Valley (alpine) and continental
- D.
  
  Polar and mountain
7.

The cross-valley profile of a valley eroded by an alpine glacier is:
- A.
  
  “U” shaped
- B.
  
  “V” shaped
- C.
  
  “S” shaped
- D.
  
  “A” shaped
- E.
  
  None of the above
8.

_______ first developed the theory that small variations in the Earth-Sun distance were responsible for short-term climate oscillations (1000-100,000).
- A.
  
  H. Goering
- B.
  
  Louis Agassiz
- C.
  
  M. Milankovich
- D.
  
  H. Marcee
9.

A(n)______ is similar in appearance to a sinkhole of a karst area.
- A.
  
  Kettle
- B.
  
  Esker
- C.
  
  Cirque
- D.
  
  Moraine
- E.
  
  None of the above
10.

Where is the world’s second largest continental ice sheet?
- A.
  
  Iceland
- B.
  
  Siberia
- C.
  
  Antarctica
- D.
  
  Greenland
- E.
  
  None of the above
11.

_______ have rainfall amounts and soil moisture contents between those of true deserts and humid lands.
- A.
  
  Steppes
- B.
  
  Tundras
- C.
  
  Sundras
- D.
  
  Sabkhas
12.

All of the following statements concerning dry lands are true except for:
- A.
  
  Precipitation totals are low; dew points are lower in the summer than winter.
- B.
  
  Evaporation potential exceeds actual precipitation.
- C.
  
  Storms are infrequent and rainfall amounts are highly variable.
- D.
  
  Wind is the dominant agent of erosion and sediment transport.
13.

A ________ is an intermittent stream channel in the dry land areas of the western United States.
- A.
  
  Wash
- B.
  
  Playa
- C.
  
  Rivulet
- D.
  
  Rill
14.

Most dry lands lie between_________degrees north and south of the equator.
- A.
  
  5 and 10
- B.
  
  20 and 30
- C.
  
  40 and 50
- D.
  
  0 and 5
15.

Which of the following best describes the climatic factors that cause low latitude deserts like the Sahara in Africa?
- A.
  
  Cool, dry air aloft is descending; surface winds are blowing toward the equator.
- B.
  
  Warm, humid air aloft is descending; surface winds blow away from the equator
- C.
  
  Warm, humid air is rising; surface winds are calm.
- D.
  
  Cool, dry air at the surface is rising, causing winds to blow away from the equator.
16.

Clay and silt left over from dunes or glacial rock flour that were transported long distances by winds are called:
- A.
  
  Cross beds
- B.
  
  Dunes
- C.
  
  Till
- D.
  
  Loess
17.

What controls erosion and deposition in eolian environments?
- A.
  
  Wind speed
- B.
  
  Barometric pressure
- C.
  
  Temperatures
- D.
  
  Latitude and longitude
18.

Desertification:
- A.
  
  Is increasingly becoming a problem
- B.
  
  Is a natural process
- C.
  
  Is exacerbated by human processes
- D.
  
  Results in droughts and famine
- E.
  
  All of the above
19.

How is desert pavement formed?
- A.
  
  Blowing wind removes fine-size particles; coarser particles abrades to sand size
- B.
  
  Intense chemical weathering removes the sand and silt particles, leaving coarse rock debris covering the land surface
- C.
  
  Running water deposits gravel and sand over finer sized particles.
- D.
  
  Deflation and sheet wash remove fine sized particles leaving coarse weathered rock fragments concentrated at the surface.
20.

Type of dune is illustrated below? (looks like a wavy star shaped pattern)
- A.
  
  Longitudinal
- B.
  
  Transverse
- C.
  
  Star
- D.
  
  Parabolic
21.

______ tide is an incoming or rising tide.
- A.
  
  Flood
- B.
  
  Rip
- C.
  
  Drift
- D.
  
  Ebb
22.

Over the past few thousand years, how, if at all, has sea level been changing?
- A.
  
  It has fallen about 10 inches per century
- B.
  
  It has remained about the same
- C.
  
  It has risen about 10 centimeters per century
- D.
  
  None of the above
23.

****Large estuaries are more common on a _______ coastline.
- A.
  
  Emergent
- B.
  
  Submergent
- C.
  
  Stable
- D.
  
  Retreating
- E.
  
  None of the above
24.

Longshore drift:
- A.
  
  Causes mass movement of sediment downshore
- B.
  
  Creates a loss of sediment from some beaches
- C.
  
  Creates an increase in sediment on some beaches
- D.
  
  Can be stabilized by groins and jetties
- E.
  
  All of the above
25.

**Incoming waves slow down and rotate towards the orientation of being parallel to the shoreline. This process is known as______.
- A.
  
  Relaxing
- B.
  
  Reflection
- C.
  
  Refraction
- D.
  
  Refluxing
- E.
  
  Recalcitrating