Journalism History Responsibilities And Duties

The correct answer is the 1st Amendment. The 1st Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantees the fundamental rights of freedom of speech, press, assembly, and religion. This amendment ensures that individuals have the right to express themselves freely, publish and distribute information, gather peacefully, and practice their chosen religion without interference from the government. It is a crucial element of the Bill of Rights and plays a vital role in protecting the democratic values of the United States.

Muckraking is the correct answer because it refers to the practice of investigative journalism that aims to expose social injustices and corruption. It involves journalists digging deep into societal issues and shedding light on them to bring about change. Yellow journalism, slander, and defamation are not relevant in this context as they involve sensationalism, false information, and damaging someone's reputation respectively. Muckraking, on the other hand, focuses on uncovering and addressing social wrongs through journalism.

Credibility is the quality that indicates how believable a journalist is. It refers to the trustworthiness and reliability of the journalist's information and reporting. A journalist with high credibility is seen as honest, accurate, and unbiased, making their work more trustworthy and respected by the audience. Justifiable and respected are not directly related to the believability of a journalist, so they are not the correct answer.

Printed defamation refers to the act of making false statements about someone in written form, such as in newspapers, magazines, or online publications. This form of defamation is known as libel. Libel is a legal term that specifically applies to written or printed false statements that harm a person's reputation. It is different from slander, which refers to spoken false statements. Banter and tautology are unrelated to defamation and do not involve false statements about someone's character or reputation.

Defamation refers to the act of intentionally spreading false information about someone with the intention of harming their reputation. This can be done through spoken or written words, and it is considered a harmful and unethical practice. Defamation can cause serious damage to a person's personal and professional life, as it tarnishes their image and credibility. It is important to differentiate between expressing opinions and making false statements that can harm someone's reputation.

Slander refers to spoken defamation, which involves making false statements about someone that can harm their reputation. Unlike libel, which is written defamation, slander specifically refers to spoken words that can damage a person's character or reputation. Banter and tautology are not related to defamation and do not involve making false statements about someone.

The trial of John Peter Zenger established the principle that truth is not considered libel. Zenger, a journalist, was accused of libel for publishing articles criticizing the British government. However, his defense argued that the articles were true, and therefore should not be considered libelous. The jury agreed with this argument, leading to the establishment of the principle that truth is a valid defense against libel accusations. This case was significant in the development of freedom of the press and the protection of journalists' rights to report the truth without fear of legal repercussions.

Yellow journalism refers to the practice of sensationalizing news stories and using exaggerated headlines to attract readers and increase newspaper sales. This style of journalism often prioritizes sensational information over accuracy and credibility. It is characterized by the use of eye-catching headlines, exaggerated stories, and the manipulation of facts to evoke strong emotions in readers. Yellow journalism is known for its tendency to prioritize entertainment value over journalistic integrity, often leading to the spread of misinformation and sensationalism in the media.

Objectivity refers to the practice of presenting information without personal bias or opinion. In journalism, it is essential for reporters to adhere to objectivity by reporting the facts accurately and impartially. By avoiding the injection of personal opinions, journalists can maintain credibility and provide readers with a fair and balanced account of events. This enables the audience to form their own opinions based on the information presented to them.

The correct answer is Public Occurences. Public Occurences was the first newspaper in the American Colonies, published in Boston in 1690. It was a short-lived publication, as it was shut down by the British authorities after just one issue. However, it paved the way for the establishment of the Boston News-Letter in 1704, which became the first continuously published newspaper in the colonies.