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1. When a programmer writes a program, the code is known as __________.

Source code

Object code

Object module

Load moduile

When a programmer writes a program, the code that they write is known as source code. Source code is the human-readable version of the program that can be understood and modified by programmers. It is written in a programming language and serves as the input for the compiler or interpreter to generate the executable object code or binary file that can be executed by the computer.

Explanation

When a programmer writes a program, the code that they write is known as source code. Source code is the human-readable version of the program that can be understood and modified by programmers. It is written in a programming language and serves as the input for the compiler or interpreter to generate the executable object code or binary file that can be executed by the computer.

2. A linkage editor (linker) converts a set of object modules into a ______________.

Structured design

Source module

Lunar module

Load module, also known as an executable program

A linkage editor (linker) is a program that takes multiple object modules and combines them into a single load module. A load module is an executable program that can be run by the computer. Therefore, the correct answer is load module, also known as an executable program.

Explanation

A linkage editor (linker) is a program that takes multiple object modules and combines them into a single load module. A load module is an executable program that can be run by the computer. Therefore, the correct answer is load module, also known as an executable program.

3. This computer component links the other internal components, providing a pathway for data between the components.

Memory

Interface board

Bus

CPU

The bus is the correct answer because it is a computer component that links the other internal components, providing a pathway for data between them. It acts as a communication channel, allowing the CPU, memory, and other devices to exchange information and instructions. Without the bus, the different components of a computer would not be able to communicate with each other effectively, hindering the overall performance and functionality of the system.

Explanation

The bus is the correct answer because it is a computer component that links the other internal components, providing a pathway for data between them. It acts as a communication channel, allowing the CPU, memory, and other devices to exchange information and instructions. Without the bus, the different components of a computer would not be able to communicate with each other effectively, hindering the overall performance and functionality of the system.

4. A record is composed of one or more __________ which hold the data values.

Files

Grooves

Fields

Nodes

In the context of records, a field refers to a specific piece of data within the record. It holds the actual data values that make up the record. Therefore, a record is composed of one or more fields which hold the data values. The other options, such as files, grooves, and nodes, do not accurately describe the components of a record.

Explanation

In the context of records, a field refers to a specific piece of data within the record. It holds the actual data values that make up the record. Therefore, a record is composed of one or more fields which hold the data values. The other options, such as files, grooves, and nodes, do not accurately describe the components of a record.

5. The act of physically transferring a unit of data between the memory and a peripheral device.

Logical I/O

Physical I/O

Access I/O

Peripheral I/O

Physical I/O refers to the act of physically transferring a unit of data between the memory and a peripheral device. This involves the actual movement of data between the computer's memory and an external device, such as a hard drive or a printer. It encompasses the physical processes and mechanisms required to transfer data, including reading from or writing to a peripheral device. Logical I/O, access I/O, and peripheral I/O do not specifically refer to the physical transfer of data between memory and a peripheral device, making them incorrect answers.

Explanation

Physical I/O refers to the act of physically transferring a unit of data between the memory and a peripheral device. This involves the actual movement of data between the computer's memory and an external device, such as a hard drive or a printer. It encompasses the physical processes and mechanisms required to transfer data, including reading from or writing to a peripheral device. Logical I/O, access I/O, and peripheral I/O do not specifically refer to the physical transfer of data between memory and a peripheral device, making them incorrect answers.

6. When modifying a queue, new elements are added only to the _____________ of the queue, and elements are removed only from the __________ of the queue.

Front, front

Front, rear

Rear, rear

Rear, front

When modifying a queue, new elements are added only to the rear of the queue, and elements are removed only from the front of the queue. This is because a queue follows the FIFO (First-In-First-Out) principle, where the first element that was added to the queue is the first one to be removed. Therefore, the correct answer is "rear, front".

Explanation

When modifying a queue, new elements are added only to the rear of the queue, and elements are removed only from the front of the queue. This is because a queue follows the FIFO (First-In-First-Out) principle, where the first element that was added to the queue is the first one to be removed. Therefore, the correct answer is "rear, front".

7. The advantage of a linked list over a basic list (array) is:

It is easier to dynamically add and delete elements from a linked list.

The linked list occupies less memory

The linked list can be saved to disk easily

There is no advantage over the basic list.

A linked list is advantageous over a basic list (array) because it allows for easier dynamic addition and deletion of elements. In a linked list, each element is stored in a separate node, and these nodes are connected through pointers. This allows for efficient insertion and removal of elements by simply adjusting the pointers, without the need for shifting elements in memory like in an array. Therefore, a linked list provides flexibility in modifying its size, which is not as straightforward in a basic list.

Explanation

A linked list is advantageous over a basic list (array) because it allows for easier dynamic addition and deletion of elements. In a linked list, each element is stored in a separate node, and these nodes are connected through pointers. This allows for efficient insertion and removal of elements by simply adjusting the pointers, without the need for shifting elements in memory like in an array. Therefore, a linked list provides flexibility in modifying its size, which is not as straightforward in a basic list.

8. In a microcomputer, the responsibility for performing device specific tasks is assigned to a software routine called a ____________.

Channel

Device driver

Object module

Service

A device driver is a software routine that is responsible for performing device-specific tasks in a microcomputer. It acts as an interface between the hardware device and the operating system, allowing the operating system to communicate with and control the device. The device driver handles tasks such as initializing the device, sending and receiving data, and managing device resources. It ensures that the device functions properly and can be accessed by other software programs running on the computer.

Explanation

A device driver is a software routine that is responsible for performing device-specific tasks in a microcomputer. It acts as an interface between the hardware device and the operating system, allowing the operating system to communicate with and control the device. The device driver handles tasks such as initializing the device, sending and receiving data, and managing device resources. It ensures that the device functions properly and can be accessed by other software programs running on the computer.

9. What are the two components of a machine language instruction?

Operation code and operands

ASCII code and operands

Relative address and physical I/O

Interpreter and assembler

The two components of a machine language instruction are the operation code, which specifies the operation to be performed, and the operands, which are the data or memory locations on which the operation is to be performed. The operation code determines the type of operation, such as addition or subtraction, while the operands provide the specific data or memory locations to be used in the operation. The other options, such as ASCII code and operands or relative address and physical I/O, do not accurately represent the components of a machine language instruction.

Explanation

The two components of a machine language instruction are the operation code, which specifies the operation to be performed, and the operands, which are the data or memory locations on which the operation is to be performed. The operation code determines the type of operation, such as addition or subtraction, while the operands provide the specific data or memory locations to be used in the operation. The other options, such as ASCII code and operands or relative address and physical I/O, do not accurately represent the components of a machine language instruction.

10. A compiler (or an assembler) converts source code into a ____________.

Load module

Excutable program

Object module

Source code

A compiler (or an assembler) converts source code into an object module. An object module is an intermediate form of the program that contains the translated machine instructions and data. It is not directly executable but can be further processed and linked with other object modules to create an executable program.

Explanation

A compiler (or an assembler) converts source code into an object module. An object module is an intermediate form of the program that contains the translated machine instructions and data. It is not directly executable but can be further processed and linked with other object modules to create an executable program.