Adobe Photoshop AIPS

WBMP (Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format) is a
monochrome graphics file format optimized for mobile computing devices. WBMP
images are monochrome (black & white) so that the image size is kept to a
minimum. A black pixel is denoted by 0 and a white pixel is denoted by 1. This
format is generally used for mobile devices that are only capable of displaying either
black or white pixels.

The Elliptical Marquee tool is used to make selections in an oval and circular shape. To
select a circular area of an image, hold down the Shift key while dragging the selection.
If you want to draw a selection outward from the point you start, hold down the Alt key while
dragging the selection.
# The Magnetic Lasso tool is used to select an object with
complex edges against a high-contrast background. This tool identifies the edges of the
object by using contrast and follows them to make a selection.
#The Lasso tool is a freeform selection tool. With this tool,
you can draw straight-edged as well as freehand segments of a selection. The Lasso tool
enables you to make a selection in any shape or size.
# The Single Column Marquee tool is used to select a column
of exactly 1 pixel wide. This selection tool selects a column at the point where you click on
the image. The column selected in this way is extended from edge to edge on the image.

The following transform submenu commands exist in Adobe Photoshop:
Scale: It is used to enlarge or reduce an item relative to its reference point, the fixed
point around which transformations are performed. A user c an scale horizontally,
vertically, or both horizontally and vertically.
Rotate: It is used to turn an item around a reference point. By default, this point is at
the center of the object; however, it can be moved to another location.
Skew: I t is used to slant an item vertically and horizontally.
Distort: It is used to stretch an item in all directions.
Perspective: It is used to apply one-point perspective to an item.
Warp: It is used to manipulate the shape of an item.
Rotate 180, Rotate 90 CW, and Rotate 90 CCW: It is used to rotate the item by the
specified number of degrees, either clockwise or counterclockwise.
Flip: It is used to flip the item vertically or horizontally.

The Select Inverse command is used to apply the selection on image parts which are not
selected and make the selected part unselected. Sometimes the quickest way to select part of
an image is to select the part of the image you do notwant, and then choose Select, Inverse
to select only the part of the image that was not selected. For example, to select a multicolored
umbrella on a solid white background, you could use the Magic Wand tool to select the
white background, and then choose Select, Inverse to select only the umbrella.
# Reselect option is used to bring back a selection if you have used
the Deselct option.
# Select All option selects everything, this could be a selection
around your entire image, or a selection around everything in a selected layer.
# The Trim command crops an image by removing unwanted
image data in different ways.

The following options exist in the Magic Wand tool:
Tolerance: It is used to decide the similarity or difference between the pixels
selected. A value should be entered in pixels (0 to 255).
Anti-aliased: It is used to create a smoother-edged selection.
Contiguous: It is used to select only adjacent areas using the same colors.
Otherwise, all pixels in the entire image using the same colors are selected.
Sample All Layers: It is used to select colors using data from all visible
layers. Otherwise, the Magic Wand tool selects colors from the active layer
only.

The following selection tool options exist in Refine Edge:
Radius: It is used to decide the size of the region around the selection
boundary in which edge refinement occurs.
Contrast: It is used to sharpen selection edges and remove fuzzy artifacts.
Smooth: It is used to reduce irregular areas in the selection boundary,
creating a smoother outline.
Feather: It is used to create a soft-edged transition between the selection
and its surrounding pixels.
Contract/Expand: It is used to shrink or enlarge the selection boundary.

The Feather slider in the Refine Edge dialog box enables a user to soften or blur the
edges of an image by fading them to transparency. The feathering effect appears
when you move, cut, copy, or fill a feathered selection in an image.
Answer option C is incorrect. The Radius slider in the Refine Edge dialog box enables
a user to clean up a selection where fine or tiny details run along that selection's
edges to create a more exact selection boundary.
Answer option A is incorrect. The contrast slider in the Refine Edge dialog box
enables a user to make crisp, clean selection edges. Dragging the slider to the right
removes excessive noise near the selection edges and gives the selection a nice,
sharp edge.
Answer option B is incorrect. The Smooth slider in the Refine Edge dialog box
enables a user to get rid of irregular areas in the selection boundary. It creates a
smoother outline.

The Quick Selection tool is used to select areas with clearly defined. Using the Quick
Selection tool, click or drag over an a rea to select it. As you drag and select more areas of
the image, the Quick Selection tool detects similar areas within defined edges and adds
them to the selection.
Answer option D is incorrect. The Lasso tool is used to select irregularly shaped areas. To
select an area of a ny shape, select the Lasso tool and drag in one continuous motion
along the border of the area you want to select. When you release the mouse, Photoshop
will automatically connect the ending point with the starting point to complete the
selection.
Answer option A is incorrect. Makes a rectangular selection (or a square, when used with
the Shift key).
Answer option C is incorrect. The Magnetic Lasso tool is used to select irregularly shaped
image areas. As you drag with the Magnetic Lasso tool, the selection snaps to areas
where it detects high contrast. This to ol is useful for selecting image areas with complex
or irregular edges that contrast significantly with other areas.

The Rectangular and Elliptical Marquee tools are used to select rectangular or
elliptical areas, respectively. After a user drags the arrow to create a selection, a
marquee appears around it. (This animated marquee is sometimes referred to as
"marching ants" because of its appearance.) By default, the pointer for the marquee
tools appears as a cross. However, if the user points inside the selection with one of
the marquee tools, the pointer changes to a white arrowhead next to a dotted
rectangle, indicating that the user can drag to move the selection. When a selection
tool is selected, the user can also press the arrow keys to move the marquee in small
increments.
A user can press a modifier key to change how the Rectangular and Elliptical
Marquee tools work, as follows:
To constrain a selection to a perfect square or circle, press Shift while dragging.
To select from the center outward, press Alt while dragging.
To move the marquee while creating it, press Spacebar while dragging.
After the selection of an area, apply commands that affect only the pixels inside the
selection. If a user wants to apply a command to the entire image, he needs to
deselect the selection. To do so, choose Select> Deselect, or use the keyboard
shortcut Ctrl+D.

The Feather slider in the Refine Edge dialog box enables a user to soften or blur the
edges of an image by fading them to transparency. The feathering effect appears
when the user moves, cuts, copies, or fills a feathered selection in an image.
# The Radius slider in the Refine Edge dialog box enables
a user to clean up a selection where fine or tiny details run along that selection's
edges to create a more exact selection boundary.
# The Contrast slider in the Refine Edge dialog box
enables a user to make crisp and clean selection edges. Dragging the slider to the
right removes excessive noise near the selection edges and gives the selection a
nice and sharp edge.
# The Smooth slider in the Refine Edge dialog box
enables a user to get rid of irregular areas in the selection boundary. It creates a
smoother outline.

The Quick Mask view button in the Refine Edges dialog box is selected to view the
selection as quick mask. In this view, the area outside the selection covers with seethrough
red color.
Answer option D is incorrect. The Black Background view button in the Refine Edges
perviews the selected area over a black background.
Answer option B is incorrect. The White Background view button in the Refine Edges
perviews the selected area over a white background.
Answer option C is incorrect. The Mask view button in the Refine Edges is selected
to view the selection as Mask. In this view, the selected area changes into white
shape and the area outside the selection changes into black background.

Lasso tool is used to select irregularly shaped areas. To select an area of any shape,
select the Lasso tool and drag in one continuous motion along the border of the area
you want to select. When you release the mouse, Photoshop will automatically
connect the ending point with the starting point to complete the selection.
When making a selection with the Lasso tool, a user might also want to draw a
straight line as part of the selection. A user can combine the freehand selection and
straight-edged segments by doing the following:
With the Lasso tool selected, begin making a freehand selection.
When you want to begin a straight-edged segment, press Alt and release the
mouse button to temporarily select the Polygonal Lasso tool.
While holding Alt, point to where you want the straight-edged segment to end.
Click and hold the mouse button to complete the straight-edged segment.
Release Alt (while holding the mouse button) to continue drawing with the
Lasso tool.
If a user needs to pick up the mouse while making a selection; for example, if he is
drawing with the Lasso tool and reach the bottom of the mouse pad but needs to
draw farther down in the image, press Alt, release the mouse button and reposition
it on the mouse pad, click and hold the mouse button, and then release Alt and
continue drawing the selection.

The Quick Selection tool is used to paint a selection using a round brush tip. This tool
works by sampling pixels. As a user drags with the tool, the selection expands outward and
automatically finds and follows defined edges in the image. This process can be customized
with the Options bar and the Refine Edge dialog box.
# The Magnetic Lasso tool is used to select an object with
complex edges against a high-contrast background. This tool identifies the edges of the
object by using contrast and follows them to make a selection.
# The Magic Wand tool is a selection tool that is used to
select a similar color throughout an image. To select a similar color, Photoshop compares
each color channel value of the pixel clicked with the Magic Wand tool to all other pixels in
the image. A particular pixel will be included in the selection if each component color of the
pixel falls within the Tolerance range (range of sensitivity) of the Magic Wand tool. You can
specify a tolerance for the tool ranging from 0 to 255.
# . The Freeform Pen tool is used to draw freehand paths or
vector masks. Click and drag with the tool to draw path in the image window. The anchor
points are automatically added along the path.

The Magnetic Lasso tool is used to select an object with complex edges against
a high-contrast background. This tool identifies the edges of the object by using
contrast and follows them to make a selection.
The Lasso tool is a freeform selection tool. With
this tool, you can draw straight-edged as well as freehand segments of a selection.
The Lasso tool enables you to make a selection in any shape or size.
The Polygonal Lasso tool is used to make a
selection with straight sides. To select with this tool, click on the image to set the
starting point, move to the other point, and click again. To complete the selection,
either click on the beginning point as a small circle appears to the lower right of the
tools icon, or double-click, or press the Enter key.
The Magic Wand tool is a selection tool that is
used to select a similar color throughout an image. To select a similar color,
Photoshop compares each color channel value of the pixel clicked with the Magic
Wand tool to all other pixels in the image. A particular pixel will be included in the
selection if each component color of the pixel falls within the Tolerance range (range
of sensitivity) of the Magic Wand tool. You can specify a tolerance for the tool
ranging from 0 to 255.

The following options exist in the Magic Wand tool:
Tolerance: It is used to decide the similarity or difference between the pixels
selected. A value should be entered in pixels (0 to 255).
Anti-aliased: It is used to create a smoother-edged selection.
Contiguous: It is used to select only adjacent areas using the same colors.
Otherwise, all pixels in the entire image using the same colors are selected.
Sample All Layers: It is used to select colors using data from all visible
layers. Otherwise, the Magic Wand tool selects colors from the active layer
only.

The Magnetic lasso tool allows you to select parts of the image that are similar in color
range. Just click to select the first point and move with the mouse around the desired
selection area. This tool identifies the area by using contrast, and follows it to make a
selection.
Fact
What is the Magnetic Lasso tool?
The Magnetic Lasso tool is used to select an object with complex
edges against a high-contrast background. This tool identifies the edges of
the object by using contrast and follows them to make a selection.
# The Lasso tool allows you to select areas in the image by
clicking and dragging the mouse through the areas. It enables you to make a selection in
any shape or size, but it is not accurate enough to allow you to select the specific color
range.
# The Magic Wand tool selects the area in an image with the
same color range by just clicking on the area.
# The Rectangle Marquee tool allows you to select a rectangular
area in an image. However, this tool does not have any option to select color range in the
image.

The Color Reduction Method and Colors option is used to specify a method for
generating the color lookup table. It is also used to decide the number of colors on
the color lookup table. The color reduction methods are as follows:
1. Perceptual: It is used to create a custom color table of colors for which the
human eye has greater sensitivity.
2. Selective: It is used to create a color table similar to the Perceptual color
table, but favors broad areas of color and the preservation of web colors.
3. Adaptive: It is used to create a custom color table by sampling colors from
the predominant spectrum in the image.
4. Restrictive (Web): It uses the standard 216-color color table common to the
Windows and Mac OS 8-bit palettes. It is used to ensure that no browser
dither is applied to colors when the image is displayed using 8-bit color.
5. Custom: It uses a color palette that is created or modified by the user.

The options of the Refine Edge dialog box are as follows:
Setting Description
Radius Adjusts the area around the selection boundary in which edge refinement settings are
applied. Check Smart Radius to automatically adjust the selection for hard and soft areas in
the border to make selections around soft areas softer and make selections around hard
areas harder.
Smooth Reduces the jagged appearance of a selection edge.
Feather Blends a selection edge with its background by applying transparency to the selection's
surrounding pixels.
Contrast Sharpens the selection edge. For example, if the Radius setting is high, the selection edge
might appear fuzzy; you can increase the Contrast setting to reduce the "noise."
Shift Edge Reduces or enlarges the selection boundary.
Decontaminate Reduces color fringes by replacing them with the color from nearby pixels. The softness of
Colors the selection edge affects the strength of the color replacement.

The following transform submenu commands exist in Adobe Photoshop:
Scale: It is used to enlarge or reduce an item relative to its reference point,
the fixed point around which transformations are performed. A user can scale
horizontally, vertically, or both horizontally and vertically.
Rotate: It is used to turn an item around a reference point. By default, this
point is at the center of the object; however, it can be moved to another
location.
Skew: It is used to slant an item vertically and horizontally.
Distort: It is used to stretch an item in all directions.
Perspective: It is used to apply one-point perspective to an item.
Warp: It is used to manipulate the shape of an item.
Rotate 180, Rota te 90 CW, and Rotate 90 CCW: It is used to rotate the
item by the specified number of degrees, either clockwise or counterclockwise.
Flip: It is used to flip the item vertically or horizontally.
You can use the Rotate option to straighten a photo, tilt a photo in a collage, angle
text, or any number of things to create the look you want. You probably do notwant
to use this option to turn a photo that is lying on its side due to being taken by
turning your camera or scanning in a photo sideways.
The Skew transformation allows you to move the corner handles independently of
one another to pull or push the pixels in that corner closer to or away from the
reference point. This transformation actually morphs the pixels in the area that is
being pushed or pulled by merging them or doubling them so it looks as if the image
is still contained in its entirety in the skewed shape.
# Puppet Warp provides a visual mesh that lets you
drastically distort specific image areas, while leaving other areas intact. Applications
range from subtle image retouching (such as shaping hair) to total transformations
(such as repositioning arms or legs).
# The Trim command crops an image by removing
unwanted image data in different ways than the Crop command. You can crop an
image by trimming surrounding transparent pixels, or background pixels of the color
you specify.

By default, Photoshop's selection tools all apply Anti-aliasing to soften a selection's edges.
# By default, Photoshop's selection tools all apply anti-aliasing
to soften a selection's edges. However, anti-aliasing softens only the pixels at the very
edge of the selection. If you want to soften a larger area, you can apply feathering.
Feathering blends a selection with its background by applying transparency to the
selection's outer pixels. As the feathering extends outward, it becomes increasingly
transparent. The feathering is not apparent until you move, cut, copy, or fill the selection.
You can specify feathering for the lasso tools and marquee tools by entering a value in the
Feather field on the options bar. The Feather value you specify will not affect an existing
selection but will apply to new selections you make. The feathering extends equally inside
and outside the selection edge. The following image is an example of feathering:
#. The Select Inverse command is used to apply the selection on
image parts which are not selected and make the selected part unselected. Sometimes the
quickest way to select part of an image is to select the part of the image you do notwant,
and then choose Select, Inverse to select only the part of the image that was not selected.
For example, to select a multi-colored umbrella on a solid white background, you could use
the Magic Wand tool to select the white background, and then choose Select, Inverse to
select only the umbrella.
#To lerance: It is used to decide the similarity or difference
between the pixels selected. A value should be entered in pixels (0 to 255).

The Feather command softens or blurs the edges of an image by fading them to
transparency. The feathering effects appear when you move, cut, copy, or fill a
feathered selection in an image. When you copy (Edit > Copy) and paste (Edit >
Paste ) a feathered selection on a new layer or use the Layer > New > Layer via
Copy or the Layer > New > Layer via Cut command, the new layer fades in opacity
from the center outward.

The contrast slider in the Refine Edge dialog box enables a user to make crisp, clean
selection edges. Dragging the slider to the right removes excessive noise near
selection edges and gives the selection a nice, sharp edge.
#The Smooth slider in the Refine Edge dialog box
enables a user to get rid of irregular areas in the selection boundary. It creates a
smoother outline.
# The Feather slider in the Refine Edge dialog box
enables a user to soften or blur the edges of an image by fading them to
transparency. The feathering effect appears when you move, cut, copy, or fill a
feathered selection in an image.
# The Contract/Expand slider in the Refine Edge dialog
box enables a user to reduce or increase the size of the selection.

In Photoshop, you can save your selection as a new custom channel to use it again.
There are various methods to save your selection such as:
From the Select menu, choose Save Selection dialog box.
Right-click the selection and choose Save Selection from the pop-up menu.
Select an area and click on the Save Selection as Channel button at the
bottom of the Channels palette.

There are various methods to load a selection that you previously saved in
Photoshop. These methods are as follows:
Select Load Selection from the Select menu.
Select the channel that contains a selection, and click the Load Channel as a
Selection button at the bottom of the Channels panel.
# Double-clicking the channel that contains a selection in
the Channels panel allows you to set the properties of the channel.
# There is no such option as Load Saved Selection in the
Channels panel context menu.

Mark can see feathering effects when he moves, cuts, copies, or fills a selected area
in the image. The feathering effects will also appear when he uses the Layer > New
> Layer via Copy or the Layer > New > Layer via Cut command.

The following options exist in the Magnetic Lasso tool:
Width: For specifying a detection width, enter a pixel val ue for Width.
Contrast: For specifying the lasso's sensitivity to edges in the image, enter a
value between 1% and 100% for Contrast.
Frequency: For specifying the rate at which the lasso sets fastening points,
enter a value between 0 and 100 for Frequency.
Stylus Pressure: While working with a stylus tablet, select or deselect the
Stylus Pressure option. When the option is selected, an increase in stylus
pressure decreases the edge width.
Answer option B is incorrect. This option does not exist in the Magnetic Lasso tool.

Holding down the Ctrl + Shift (Windows) or the Command + Shift (Mac OS) keys
and clicking the alpha channel adds a saved selection to the existing selection. This
action selects a region that includes both existing as well as saved selection areas.
The alternate method for selecting a region that includes both an existing and a
saved selection is to choose Select > Load Selection. In the Load Selection dialog
box, choose the alpha channel from the Channel drop-down menu, and select the
Add to Selection radio button.
Answer option C is incorrect. These actions, i.e., clicking the Add to selection button
in the Options bar, holding down the Alt (Windows) or the Option (Mac OS) key, and
clicking the alpha channel will do nothing.
Answer option B is incorrect. If you hold down the Shift + Ctrl + Alt (Windows) or
Shift + Command + Option (Mac OS) keys and click the alpha channel, only the
intersecting areas of the existing selection and the already saved selection will be
selected.