Intravenous Therapy For Prehospital Providers - 30 Mins - EMT-p
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following is not an electrolyte that plays an important role in the body?
- A.
Bicarbonate
- B.
Calcium
- C.
Sodium
- D.
Hydrogen
Correct Answer
D. HydrogenExplanation
Hydrogen is not an electrolyte that plays an important role in the body. Electrolytes are substances that conduct electric current when dissolved in water and are essential for various bodily functions. Bicarbonate, calcium, and sodium are all electrolytes that are involved in processes such as maintaining pH balance, muscle contraction, and nerve function. However, hydrogen is not typically considered an electrolyte in the body and does not have a significant role in electrolyte balance or cellular function.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A hypotonic solution such as D5W may be needed for a patient on dialysis when diuretic therapy dehydrates the cells.
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
A. TRUEExplanation
A hypotonic solution like D5W is needed for a patient on dialysis when diuretic therapy dehydrates the cells because it helps to rehydrate the cells by providing water and electrolytes in lower concentrations than the body's cells. This helps to restore the balance of fluids and prevent further dehydration.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following describes the term “isotonic?”
- A.
A solution that has the same concentration of sodium as does the cell.
- B.
The natural tendency for substances to flow from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
- C.
A solution that has a higher concentration of potassium than does the cell.
- D.
A solution that has a lower concentration of sodium than the cell.
Correct Answer
A. A solution that has the same concentration of sodium as does the cell.Explanation
Isotonic refers to a solution that has the same concentration of sodium as the cell. This means that the concentration of sodium inside the cell is balanced with the concentration of sodium outside the cell. In an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water across the cell membrane, resulting in the cell maintaining its normal shape and size.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Indicate which of the following is the correct dosage administration of D50 for a child.
- A.
½ amp of D50 plus ½ amp normal saline
- B.
8 mL normal saline plus 2 mL of D50
- C.
1 full amp of D50
- D.
¾ amp of D50 plus ¼ amp of normal saline
Correct Answer
A. ½ amp of D50 plus ½ amp normal salineExplanation
The correct dosage administration of D50 for a child is ½ amp of D50 plus ½ amp normal saline. This combination ensures that the child receives both the necessary glucose from the D50 and the hydration from the normal saline. It is important to provide a balanced solution to prevent any imbalances in the child's electrolytes and maintain their overall fluid status.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What problem do the following signs indicate? ·fever ·allergic reaction ·acute, sharp lower back pain ·hemolytic reaction ·cyanosis
- A.
Jugular vein distention
- B.
Reaction to Rh factor
- C.
Transfusion reaction
- D.
Metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer
C. Transfusion reactionExplanation
The signs mentioned, such as fever, allergic reaction, acute lower back pain, hemolytic reaction, cyanosis, jugular vein distention, indicate a transfusion reaction. These signs are commonly associated with an adverse reaction to a blood transfusion, which can occur due to incompatible blood types or other complications during the transfusion process.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is a sign of the progressive phase of shock?
- A.
Patient appears to bounce back to normal
- B.
Development of postural hypotension
- C.
Pale, cool, clammy skin
- D.
750 mL blood loss
Correct Answer
C. Pale, cool, clammy skinExplanation
Pale, cool, clammy skin is a sign of the progressive phase of shock because it indicates that the body is diverting blood away from the skin and extremities to prioritize blood flow to vital organs. This vasoconstriction causes the skin to appear pale, cool, and clammy as the body tries to maintain core temperature. This is a characteristic sign of shock and indicates that the condition is worsening.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following should not be done in the event of an allergic reaction to an IV medication?
- A.
Slow the IV rate
- B.
Discontinue the IV and remove the solution
- C.
Leave the catheter in place
- D.
Monitor ABCs and vital signs
Correct Answer
A. Slow the IV rateExplanation
Slowing down the IV rate is not the correct action to take in the event of an allergic reaction to an IV medication. When an allergic reaction occurs, it is important to discontinue the IV and remove the solution to prevent further exposure to the allergen. Leaving the catheter in place can also increase the risk of complications. Monitoring ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) and vital signs is crucial to ensure the patient's safety and to detect any worsening symptoms. However, slowing the IV rate will not address the underlying allergic reaction and may delay the necessary interventions.Rate this question:
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- 8.
When administering IV therapy to a geriatric patient, you should:
- A.
Use a varicose vein
- B.
Use a small gauge catheter
- C.
Monitor closely to prevent fluid overloads
- D.
Avoid the use of tape
Correct Answer
C. Monitor closely to prevent fluid overloadsExplanation
When administering IV therapy to a geriatric patient, it is important to monitor closely to prevent fluid overloads. Geriatric patients may have compromised kidney function and may not be able to tolerate excessive fluid volume. Monitoring closely allows for early detection of any signs of fluid overload, such as shortness of breath or edema, and allows for prompt intervention to prevent complications. This is particularly important as geriatric patients may be more susceptible to fluid imbalances and may have a decreased ability to compensate for them.Rate this question:
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- 9.
“If a patient’s respiratory rate is too high, __________ is likely to develop.”
- A.
Hypokalemia
- B.
Acidosis
- C.
Hypercalcemia
- D.
Alkalosis
Correct Answer
D. AlkalosisExplanation
If a patient's respiratory rate is too high, it can lead to alkalosis. Alkalosis is a condition characterized by an excessive level of alkalinity in the blood, which can occur when there is an excessive elimination of carbon dioxide through rapid breathing. This can disrupt the balance of acid and base in the body, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, muscle twitching, and tingling sensations.Rate this question:
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- 10.
“Decreased urine output leads to __________, which leads to an increase in HCO3-, which leads to __________.”
- A.
An increase in H+, acidosis
- B.
An increase in CO2, acidosis
- C.
A decrease in H+, alkalosis
- D.
A decrease in CO2, acidosis
Correct Answer
A. An increase in H+, acidosisExplanation
Decreased urine output leads to the retention of metabolic waste products, including hydrogen ions (H+). This increase in H+ concentration in the body leads to acidosis, which is a condition characterized by an imbalance in the body's pH towards acidity. Acidosis can have various causes, and decreased urine output is one of them. The increase in HCO3- (bicarbonate) mentioned in the question is not directly related to decreased urine output and does not lead to alkalosis, as the answer suggests.Rate this question:
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- 11.
2 mL of isotonic crystalloid solution are needed to replace 1 mL of patient blood.
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
B. FALSEExplanation
The statement is false because isotonic crystalloid solutions are typically used to expand the volume of blood plasma, not to replace red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen and other important substances throughout the body, and they cannot be replaced with isotonic crystalloid solutions. Therefore, more than 2 mL of isotonic crystalloid solution would be needed to replace 1 mL of patient blood.Rate this question:
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- 12.
If a hematoma appears to be controlled and the flow of the IV is not affected, monitor the IV site and leave the line in place.
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
A. TRUEExplanation
If a hematoma appears to be controlled and the flow of the IV is not affected, it is safe to monitor the IV site and keep the line in place. This means that the bleeding has stopped or is under control, and the IV can continue to deliver fluids or medications without any issues. Removing the IV line in this situation may not be necessary and can cause unnecessary discomfort or disruption to the patient. Therefore, it is appropriate to leave the line in place and closely observe the IV site for any changes or complications.Rate this question:
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- 13.
In selecting an IV site, you should:
- A.
Avoid areas that have a round appearance
- B.
Avoid areas where the vein crosses over joints
- C.
Generally use large, protruding veins
- D.
Avoid veins that appear firm when palpated
Correct Answer
B. Avoid areas where the vein crosses over jointsExplanation
When selecting an IV site, it is important to avoid areas where the vein crosses over joints. This is because the movement of the joint can cause irritation and damage to the vein, making it more difficult to insert and maintain the IV. It is recommended to choose a site where the vein is not subjected to excessive movement or pressure to ensure successful and safe IV administration.Rate this question:
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