Insulin - High Yield Topic

Insulin resistance leads to more production of insulin.

Glargine is not an ultra short acting insulin. It is actually a long-acting insulin that provides a steady level of insulin in the body over a longer period of time. Ultra short acting insulins, such as Lispro, Aspart, and Glulisine, have a rapid onset of action and are used to control blood sugar levels during meals. Glargine, on the other hand, is used to provide a basal level of insulin throughout the day and night.

Insulin is a hormone that regulates glucose uptake in the body. In the case of insulin-dependent glucose uptake, it occurs in muscles. When insulin is released into the bloodstream, it binds to receptors on muscle cells, allowing glucose to enter the cells and be used for energy. This process is essential for maintaining normal blood sugar levels and providing energy for muscle contraction and movement.

Insulin is a peptide hormone composed of two polypeptide chains, an A chain and a B chain, linked by disulfide bonds. The A chain has 21 amino acids, while the B chain has 30 amino acids. Therefore, the total number of amino acids in insulin is 51.

Insulin is not used for the treatment of hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood. Insulin is primarily used to manage diabetes by helping to regulate blood sugar levels. It works by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. In the context of hypokalemia, other treatments such as potassium supplements or changes in diet may be used to address the low potassium levels.

Rebound hyperglycemia is a true statement about the Somogyi effect. This phenomenon occurs when there is a rapid drop in blood sugar levels during the night, leading to the release of counter-regulatory hormones such as glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone. These hormones stimulate the liver to produce glucose, causing a rebound increase in blood sugar levels. As a result, the dose of insulin may need to be raised to prevent further episodes of rebound hyperglycemia.

Banting & Best discovered insulin. Karry B mullis developed PCR.

Reason for the second option is release of incretins.

Honeymoon phase is requirement of less exogenous insulin in type I DM.

The euglycemic clamp is considered the gold standard method for measuring insulin resistance. This method involves infusing insulin into the bloodstream at a constant rate to maintain a stable blood glucose level. By measuring the amount of glucose needed to maintain this stable level, the body's response to insulin can be assessed. This method provides a direct and accurate measurement of insulin resistance and is commonly used in research and clinical settings.