Information Flow/Connections In The Retina

Vertical pathways produce RF _____ and lateral pathways produce RF _____.

• Surround; center

• Center; surround

H1 cells ______ info and H2 cells ______ info

• Concentrate; multiply

• Multiply; concentrate

• Multiply; multiply

What cell is responsible for the feedback loop in the retina?

• Biplexiform cells

• Ganglion cells

• Interplexiform cells

In an ON CENTER RF, when light is turned on:

• The center will produce more action potentials

• The surround will produce more action potentials

• The center will produce less action potentials

• The surround will produce less action potentials

• B and c

• A and d

In an OFF CENTER RF, turning on light will result in less action potentials from the center and less action potentials from the surround

• True

• False

What is the purpose of having several different rod pathways?

• More rods so need more pathways

• Allow greater response over greater range of light levels

• Able to differentiate between different wavelengths better

The OPL is divided into 2 sublamina A and B

• True

• False

Sublamina A is associated with the ON pathway

• True

• False

How many types of horizontal cells are there in primate retina?

• 1

• 2

• 3

Horizontal cell inhibition of BPs only occurs in the OFF pathway.

• True

• False

Biplexiform cells receive mostly rod input and their function is unknown.

• True

• False

There are 25 different amacrine cells each with a known visual function

• True

• False

The 'best' response we get from a GC (regardless of being an ON or OFF GC) is when:

• Stimulate center only

• Stimulate surround only

• Stimulate entire RF

How do Horizontal cells contribute to receptive fields?

• Produce the RF center of GCs

• Produce the RF surround of GCs

• Can produce both the RF center and surround

A2 cells mediate ___ vision and contain _____ as a neurotransmitter

• Rod; glycine

• Rod; glutamate

• Cone; glycine

• Cone; glutamate

What cell is thought to be involved in the changes that occur in the receptive field during dark adaptation.

• Biplexiform cells

• Ganglion cells

• Interplexiform cells

Where are BP cells found?

• ONL

• ELM

• INL

Midget GCs receive as much input from amacrine cells as they do from BPs

• True

• False

How much of the brain is used to process visual information?

• 20%

• 50%

• 60%

Amacrine cells have long axons which allows them to contact many different BPs

• True

• False

Indicate what changes occur in the receptive field during dark adaptation.

• Reduced color vision

• More sensitive to low light levels

• Reduced VA

• RF center gets larger

Horizontal cells have cell bodies in the _____ and synapses in the _____.

• OPL; INL

• INL; IPL

• INL; OPL

In the rod pathways, the rod A2 amacrine cell is involved in connections between:

• Rod ON BP and cone ON BP

• Rod BP and OFF GC

• Rod OFF BP and cone OFF BP

• A and b

• B and c

Sublamina A of the IPL is more ______ or closer to the ___ cells

• Distal; GC

• Distal; BP

• Proximal; GC

• Proximal; BP

A biplexiform cell is a bipolar cell that receives info directly from the photoreceptors.

• True

• False

Decribe how we know that horizontal cells are not involved with carrying color vision information.

Describe how amacrine cells are involved in GC's response to high temporal frequency changes in the environment

Describe the ON PATHWAY in terms of cells involved and cellular responses.

Describe the OFF PATHWAY.