1.
En una molécula orgánica, los átomos de carbono se clasifican de acuerdo con el número de Átomos de carbono a los que se encuentran enlazados, como se muestra a continuación
De acuerdo con lo anterior, es válido afirmar que existe carbono de tipo cuaternario en la estructura de
Correct Answer
C. 2,2 - dimetíl hexano.
Explanation
The correct answer is 2,2 - dimetíl hexano. This is because in the given structure, the carbon atoms are classified based on the number of carbon atoms they are bonded to. In 2,2 - dimetíl hexano, there is a carbon atom that is bonded to four other carbon atoms, making it a quaternary carbon. This is not the case in the other options, where the carbon atoms are bonded to fewer than four carbon atoms.
2.
. Una reacción de halogenación ocurre cuando reacciona un hidrocarburo con un halógeno para producir halogenuros de alquilo, tal y como se muestra en el siguiente ejemplo:
Si en una reacción de halogenación se obtiene cloropentano (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2Cl) y ácido clorhídrico (HCl), los reactantes son
Correct Answer
B. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 + Cl2
Explanation
In a halogenation reaction, a hydrocarbon reacts with a halogen to produce alkyl halides. In this example, the reactants are CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 (pentane) and Cl2 (chlorine gas), which result in the formation of cloropentano (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2Cl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl).
3.
La fórmula estructural Corresponde a
Correct Answer
D. 4 - metilpenteno
Explanation
The correct answer is 4-methylpentene. The name indicates that the compound is a pentene (a five-carbon alkene) with a methyl group (CH3) attached to the fourth carbon atom.
4.
la producción de dióxido de carbono (CO2) y agua se lleva acabo por la combustión del gas propano (C3H8). La ecuación que describe este proceso es
Correct Answer
A. C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
Explanation
The correct answer is C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O. This equation represents the combustion of propane gas, which produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as byproducts.
5.
La reaccion
hv
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl se conoce respectivamente, Como
Correct Answer
C. Halogenacion y sustitución
Explanation
The reaction shown involves the addition of chlorine (Cl2) to a hydrocarbon (CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3), resulting in the substitution of a hydrogen atom with a chlorine atom (CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Cl). This process is known as halogenation and substitution.
6.
Responde las preguntas 6 a 8 con base en la siguiente información:
El siguiente diagrama de flujo presenta las reacciones que se producen entre sustancias que tienen las siguientes características:
SUSTANCIA
CARACTERISTICA
A
ES DESCONOCIDA
B
SE CONOCE COMO CLOROETANO
C
CORRESPONDE AL ETENO
la sustancia A corresponde al:
Correct Answer
D. Etano
Explanation
Based on the given information, substance A is described as "ES DESCONOCIDA" which means it is unknown. Therefore, the correct answer is "etano" as it is not mentioned in the characteristics of any other substances.
7.
Cuando el etano CH3 – CH3 reacciona con el Cl2 , en presencia de luz ultravioleta, se produce
Correct Answer
A. Cloroetano
Explanation
When ethane (CH3-CH3) reacts with Cl2 in the presence of ultraviolet light, chloroethane (Cloroetano) is produced.
8.
Se deduce que la sustancia B es un halogenuro de alquilo, por que proviene de
Correct Answer
B. Un alcano que reacciona con un halógeno en presencia de luz ultravioleta
Explanation
The correct answer suggests that substance B is an alkyl halide because it is formed from an alkane reacting with a halogen in the presence of ultraviolet light. This reaction is known as halogenation, where a halogen atom replaces a hydrogen atom in the alkane molecule. The use of ultraviolet light helps initiate the reaction by providing the necessary energy to break the halogen bond and form the alkyl halide.
9.
La distribución electrónica 1S² 2S¹2PX¹ 2PY¹ 2PZ¹ corresponde a la hibridación.
Correct Answer
B. Tetragonal.
Explanation
The given electronic distribution indicates that there are two electrons in the 1s orbital, one electron in the 2s orbital, and one electron in each of the three 2p orbitals (2px, 2py, 2pz). This distribution corresponds to the sp3 hybridization, which is tetragonal in shape.
10.
El gráfico representa la hibridación trigonal.
Porque se forman tres orbitales
Correct Answer
A. 2s, 2px y 2py
Explanation
The correct answer is 2s, 2px, and 2py because in trigonal hybridization, three orbitals are formed by combining one s orbital and two p orbitals. These three orbitals are arranged in a trigonal planar geometry.