IB Biology: Cell Theory

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  • 1/103 Questions

    A person pulling fingers back from a hot stove is an example of which of the functions of life?

    • Homeostasis
    • Response
    • Reproduction
    • All of the above
    • None of the above
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About This Quiz

Cell theory, functions of life, sizes of common biological structures, magnification, limitations to cell size

IB Biology: Cell Theory - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following is considered a function of life?

    • Growth

    • Response

    • Reproduction

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All of the options listed - growth, response, and reproduction - are considered functions of life. Growth refers to the increase in size or number of cells in an organism, response refers to the ability to react to stimuli in the environment, and reproduction refers to the ability to produce offspring. All three of these functions are fundamental characteristics of living organisms and are essential for their survival and continuation of the species.

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  • 3. 

    Which of the following is considered a function of life?

    • Metabolism

    • Growth

    • Reproduction

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All of the options listed - metabolism, growth, and reproduction - are considered functions of life. Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur within an organism to maintain life, such as the conversion of food into energy. Growth is the process of increasing in size or complexity. Reproduction involves the production of offspring, ensuring the continuation of a species. Therefore, all of these functions are essential for the maintenance and perpetuation of life.

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  • 4. 

    Which of the functions of life involves hereditary molecules that can be passed to offspring?

    • Reproduction

    • Response

    • Growth

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Reproduction
    Explanation
    Reproduction involves the production of offspring and the passing of hereditary molecules, such as DNA, to the next generation. This process ensures that genetic information is transmitted from parent to offspring, allowing for the continuation of species and the inheritance of traits. Reproduction is a fundamental function of life that ensures the survival and diversity of organisms.

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  • 5. 

    The regulation of internal temperature is an example of which of the functions of life?

    • Homeostasis

    • Metabolism

    • Nutrition

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Homeostasis
    Explanation
    Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. The regulation of internal temperature is a crucial aspect of homeostasis as it ensures that the body maintains a constant temperature suitable for proper functioning. This process involves various mechanisms such as sweating or shivering to adjust the body temperature as needed. Therefore, the regulation of internal temperature falls under the function of homeostasis.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following is a factor which limits cell size?

    • Amount of DNA

    • Surface to volume ratio

    • Amount of heat generated

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Surface to volume ratio
    Explanation
    The surface to volume ratio is a factor that limits cell size because as a cell grows, its volume increases at a faster rate than its surface area. This means that the cell's ability to exchange materials and waste with its surroundings becomes less efficient. Therefore, cells need to maintain a high surface to volume ratio to ensure proper nutrient uptake and waste removal.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following is considered a function of life?

    • Homeostasis

    • Response

    • Metabolism

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All of the options listed - homeostasis, response, and metabolism - are considered functions of life. Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment. Response refers to the ability to react to stimuli from the external environment. Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur within an organism to sustain life. Therefore, all of these options can be considered functions of life.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following is a factor which limits cell size?

    • Surface to volume ratio

    • Membrane permeability

    • Cytoskeleton support

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Surface to volume ratio
    Explanation
    The surface to volume ratio is a factor that limits cell size because as a cell grows larger, its volume increases faster than its surface area. This means that the cell's ability to exchange nutrients, waste, and gases through its surface becomes less efficient. Therefore, cells need to maintain a high surface to volume ratio to ensure proper exchange of materials, which limits their size. Membrane permeability and cytoskeleton support are not directly related to cell size limitation.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following is a factor which limits cell size?

    • Amount of waste generated

    • Amount of heat generated

    • Surface to volume ratio

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Surface to volume ratio
    Explanation
    The surface to volume ratio is a factor that limits cell size because as a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area. This means that the cell's ability to exchange nutrients and waste products with its environment becomes less efficient. Therefore, cells need to maintain a high surface to volume ratio to ensure that they can adequately exchange materials with their surroundings. The other options, such as the amount of waste and heat generated, may also be factors that can affect cell size, but the surface to volume ratio is the most significant factor.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following is considered a function of life?

    • Response

    • Homeostasis

    • Nutrition

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All of the above options are considered functions of life. Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment, while nutrition is the process of obtaining and using food for energy and growth. Both homeostasis and nutrition are essential for the survival and functioning of living organisms. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following is a factor which limits cell size?

    • Amount of food available

    • Osmotic pressure

    • Surface to volume ratio

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Surface to volume ratio
    Explanation
    The surface to volume ratio is a factor that limits cell size. This is because as a cell grows larger, its volume increases at a faster rate than its surface area. This means that the cell may struggle to efficiently exchange nutrients, waste, and gases across its membrane. Therefore, cells must maintain a high surface to volume ratio to ensure proper functioning and survival.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following is maintained through homeostasis?

    • Reproduction

    • Growth

    • Temperature

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Temperature
    Explanation
    Temperature is maintained through homeostasis because the body constantly works to regulate its internal temperature within a narrow range. This is achieved through various mechanisms such as sweating or shivering to cool or warm the body, respectively. Homeostasis ensures that the body's temperature remains stable despite external temperature fluctuations, allowing cells and organs to function optimally. Reproduction and growth, on the other hand, are not directly regulated by homeostasis.

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  • 13. 

    An embryo developing a heart valve is an example of which of the functions of life?

    • Homeostasis

    • Growth

    • Response

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Growth
    Explanation
    The development of a heart valve in an embryo is an example of growth. Growth refers to the increase in size or complexity of an organism over time, and the development of a heart valve in an embryo represents an increase in complexity.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following is a factor which limits cell size?

    • Amount of food available

    • Amount of waste generated

    • Surface to volume ratio

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Surface to volume ratio
    Explanation
    The surface to volume ratio is a factor that limits cell size because as a cell grows, its volume increases at a faster rate than its surface area. This means that the cell's ability to exchange nutrients and waste products with its environment becomes less efficient. Therefore, cells need to maintain a certain surface to volume ratio to ensure proper exchange of materials, which ultimately limits their size.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following could be considered an extention or exception to the cell theory?

    • The leaves of a bush

    • The roots of a tree

    • The hyphae of a fungus

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The hyphae of a fungus
    Explanation
    The cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. The hyphae of a fungus can be considered an extension or exception to the cell theory because they are long, thread-like structures that make up the body of a fungus. Unlike typical cells, hyphae are not divided into distinct compartments by cell membranes and can have multiple nuclei. Therefore, the hyphae of a fungus challenge the idea that all organisms are composed of cells with a single nucleus.

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  • 16. 

    Which of the functions of life involves the reaction of organisms to environmental stimuli?

    • Reproduction

    • Response

    • Homeostasis

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Response
    Explanation
    The function of life that involves the reaction of organisms to environmental stimuli is called response. Organisms have the ability to detect and respond to changes in their environment, such as temperature, light, or sound. This response can be in the form of movement, changes in behavior, or physiological changes. Reproduction is the function of life related to the production of offspring, while homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment. Therefore, the correct answer is response.

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  • 17. 

    Which of the following could be considered an extention or exception to the cell theory?

    • A slime mold in a pond

    • The hyphae of a fungus

    • Bacteria in a hydrothermal vent

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The hyphae of a fungus
    Explanation
    The hyphae of a fungus could be considered an extension or exception to the cell theory because unlike most other organisms, fungi have a unique cellular structure composed of long, branching filaments called hyphae. These hyphae are made up of multiple cells that are connected, allowing the fungus to grow and spread. This is different from the typical definition of a cell in the cell theory, which states that organisms are made up of one or more cells. Therefore, the presence of hyphae in fungi challenges the traditional understanding of cellular organization and is an exception to the cell theory.

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  • 18. 

    Who first observed cells in 1665 while observing cork with a microscope he built himself?

    • Mathias Schlieden

    • Robert Hooke

    • Antione van Leeuvenhoek

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Robert Hooke
    Explanation
    Robert Hooke is the correct answer because he was the first person to observe cells in 1665 while examining a piece of cork using a microscope he constructed. His observations led to the discovery of cells and the development of the cell theory.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following is a statement which comprises part of the modern cell theory?

    • Cells were created in prebiotic Earth by chemical reactions catalyzed by lightning

    • Cells are made up of a number of different subunits

    • Cells are the smallest units of life

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Cells are the smallest units of life
    Explanation
    The statement "Cells are the smallest units of life" is a part of the modern cell theory. This theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms, and new cells arise from pre-existing cells. Therefore, the statement aligns with the concept that cells are the fundamental building blocks of life.

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  • 20. 

    Why is skeletal muscle sometimes considered an exception to the cell theory?

    • Because muscle cells contain a large amount of calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

    • Because muscle cells react to electrical signals from neurons

    • Because muscle cells have several nuclei

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Because muscle cells have several nuclei
    Explanation
    Skeletal muscle cells are considered an exception to the cell theory because they have several nuclei. Most cells in the body have only one nucleus, but skeletal muscle cells are unique in that they have multiple nuclei. This is because during development, multiple myoblasts fuse together to form a single skeletal muscle cell, resulting in multiple nuclei being present in the mature muscle cell. This characteristic sets skeletal muscle cells apart from other cells and makes them an exception to the general rule of one nucleus per cell.

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  • 21. 

    Which of the following is a statement which comprises part of the modern cell theory?

    • All cells come from pre-existing cells

    • Cells maintain homeostasis to stay alive

    • Cell reproduction involves hereditary molecules that can be passed to offspring

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All cells come from pre-existing cells
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All cells come from pre-existing cells." This statement is part of the modern cell theory, which states that all cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division. This concept is known as biogenesis and is a fundamental principle in biology. It contradicts the previously held belief of spontaneous generation, which stated that living organisms could arise from non-living matter. The modern cell theory also includes other statements such as cells being the basic unit of life and all living organisms being composed of cells.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following is larger than a bacterium?

    • Plant cell

    • Animal cell

    • Organelle

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All of the above options are larger than a bacterium. A bacterium is a single-celled microorganism, while a plant cell and an animal cell are both multicellular structures that are composed of many individual cells. Additionally, an organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that performs a specific function, and it is also larger than a bacterium. Therefore, all of the given options are larger than a bacterium.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following could be considered an extention or exception to the cell theory?

    • The hyphae of a fungus

    • Intestinal bacteria

    • Lichens on a rock

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The hyphae of a fungus
    Explanation
    The cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells. However, the hyphae of a fungus are a network of thread-like structures, which are not considered individual cells but rather a collection of cells. Therefore, the hyphae of a fungus can be considered an extension or exception to the cell theory.

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  • 24. 

    Which function of life iincludes all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism?

    • Homeostasis

    • Metabolism

    • Nutrition

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Metabolism
    Explanation
    Metabolism includes all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. It involves processes such as breaking down food to obtain energy, synthesizing molecules for growth and repair, and eliminating waste products. Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment, while nutrition refers to the process of obtaining and using food. Therefore, both homeostasis and nutrition are not comprehensive enough to encompass all the chemical reactions within an organism, making metabolism the correct answer.

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  • 25. 

    A venus flytrap closing its trap in response to a fly is an example of which of the functions of life?

    • Response

    • Metabolism

    • Nutrition

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Response
    Explanation
    The venus flytrap closing its trap in response to a fly is an example of the function of life called "response". This function refers to the ability of an organism to react to stimuli from its environment. In this case, the flytrap is responding to the presence of a fly by closing its trap, which is an adaptive behavior that allows it to capture and consume its prey. This response is a vital aspect of the flytrap's survival and is characteristic of living organisms.

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following could be considered an extention or exception to the cell theory?

    • The hyphae of a fungus

    • The axons of a neuron

    • The hair on your head

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The hyphae of a fungus
    Explanation
    The cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells. The hyphae of a fungus, however, are not composed of cells but rather consist of long, branching filaments called hyphae. These hyphae are made up of interconnected cells, but they are not individual cells themselves. Therefore, the hyphae of a fungus can be considered an extension or exception to the cell theory.

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  • 27. 

    Which of the following is a statement which comprises part of the modern cell theory?

    • All organisms are composed of one or more cells

    • Cells are the smallest units of life

    • All cells come from pre-existing cells

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The modern cell theory states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. This means that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic building blocks of life, and new cells are produced through cell division. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

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  • 28. 

    Who first observed cells in 1665 while observing cork with a microscope he built himself?

    • Theodore Schwann

    • Robert Hooke

    • Antione van Leeuvenhoek

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Robert Hooke
    Explanation
    Robert Hooke is the correct answer because he was the first person to observe cells in 1665 while examining a thin slice of cork under a microscope that he had constructed. He coined the term "cell" to describe the small, box-like structures he observed, which reminded him of the cells (rooms) in a monastery. This discovery laid the foundation for the field of cell biology and our understanding of the basic unit of life.

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  • 29. 

    Which of the following could be considered an extention or exception to the cell theory?

    • Skin cells

    • Skeletal muscle cells

    • Neurons

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Skeletal muscle cells
    Explanation
    Skeletal muscle cells could be considered an extension or exception to the cell theory because they are multinucleated, meaning they have multiple nuclei instead of the typical single nucleus found in most cells. This is different from the original cell theory which states that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. Skeletal muscle cells challenge this aspect of the cell theory by having multiple nuclei.

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  • 30. 

    Why are the hyphae of a fungus sometimes considered an exception to the cell theory?

    • Because they have a large central vacuole

    • Because they contain few chloroplasts

    • Because they contain many nuclei

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Because they contain many nuclei
    Explanation
    The hyphae of a fungus are considered an exception to the cell theory because they contain many nuclei. In most cells, there is only one nucleus, which is responsible for controlling the cell's activities. However, in the hyphae of a fungus, there can be multiple nuclei present. This is known as a multinucleate condition and is not commonly observed in other types of cells. Therefore, the presence of many nuclei in the hyphae of a fungus makes them an exception to the cell theory.

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  • 31. 

    Why is skeletal muscle sometimes considered an exception to the cell theory?

    • Because each muscle cell can contract and change its size

    • Because each muscle cell has several nuclei

    • Because each muscle cell contains a large amount of protein

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Because each muscle cell has several nuclei
    Explanation
    Skeletal muscle is considered an exception to the cell theory because each muscle cell has several nuclei. In most cells, including those in other types of muscle tissue, there is usually only one nucleus per cell. However, in skeletal muscle cells, multiple nuclei are present. This is due to the fusion of individual cells during development, resulting in a multinucleated structure. The presence of multiple nuclei allows for efficient protein synthesis and the ability of skeletal muscle cells to grow and repair themselves.

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  • 32. 

    If something has its growth limited, is it still considered alive?

    • Yes

    • No

    • Only while it is growing

    • It depends on the circumstances

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Yes
    Explanation
    If something has its growth limited, it can still be considered alive because being alive does not solely depend on growth. Growth is just one aspect of life, and there are other factors such as metabolism, reproduction, and response to stimuli that determine whether something is alive or not. Therefore, even if growth is limited, the entity can still exhibit other characteristics of life and be considered alive.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following would be a reasonable size for a virus?

    • 100 mm

    • 100 nm

    • 100 pm

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. 100 nm
    Explanation
    A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that can only be seen under a microscope. It is much smaller than other organisms and can range in size from about 20 to 400 nanometers (nm). Therefore, 100 nm would be a reasonable size for a virus. Options like 100 mm and 100 pm are not suitable sizes for a virus as they are either too large or too small to be considered reasonable.

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  • 34. 

    Why are the hyphae of a fungus sometimes considered an exception to the cell theory?

    • Because they contain many nuclei

    • Because they are saprotrophic

    • Because they contain large amounts of extracellular material

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Because they contain many nuclei
    Explanation
    The hyphae of a fungus are sometimes considered an exception to the cell theory because they contain many nuclei. In most organisms, including plants and animals, each cell contains only one nucleus. However, in the hyphae of a fungus, multiple nuclei can be present within a single cell. This is known as coenocytic hyphae, where the cell walls break down and multiple nuclei are able to exist within the same cytoplasm. This unique characteristic of fungi sets them apart from other organisms and makes them an exception to the cell theory.

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  • 35. 

    Which of the following could be considered an extention or exception to the cell theory?

    • White blood cells

    • Red blood cells

    • Skeletal muscle cells

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Skeletal muscle cells
    Explanation
    Skeletal muscle cells can be considered an extension or exception to the cell theory because they are multinucleated, meaning they have multiple nuclei instead of the typical single nucleus found in most cells. This is in contrast to the principle of the cell theory which states that cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

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  • 36. 

    Why are the hyphae of a fungus sometimes considered an exception to the cell theory?

    • Because they contain many nuclei

    • Because they have abnormal cell walls

    • Because they are not photosynthetic

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Because they contain many nuclei
    Explanation
    The hyphae of a fungus are considered an exception to the cell theory because they contain many nuclei. Normally, according to the cell theory, a cell should have only one nucleus. However, in the case of fungal hyphae, they can have multiple nuclei within a single cell. This is known as aseptate or coenocytic hyphae. This unique characteristic of fungal hyphae sets them apart from other cells and makes them an exception to the cell theory.

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  • 37. 

    Which of the following is added to a micrograph or a drawing to help show the actual size of the structures pictured?

    • Ruler

    • Magnification power

    • Scale bar

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Scale bar
    Explanation
    A scale bar is added to a micrograph or drawing to help show the actual size of the structures pictured. It is a visual representation of a known length that is placed in the image, allowing viewers to accurately determine the size of the structures being observed. This is important because micrographs and drawings are often magnified or reduced in size, making it difficult to accurately judge the actual dimensions without a scale bar.

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following is maintained through homeostasis?

    • Internal temperature

    • External temperature

    • Temperature gradients

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Internal temperature
    Explanation
    Homeostasis is the process by which an organism maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes. Internal temperature is a crucial aspect of homeostasis as it needs to be maintained within a narrow range for proper functioning of the body's enzymes and metabolic processes. External temperature and temperature gradients, on the other hand, are not directly regulated by homeostasis as they are external factors that can influence the internal temperature but are not maintained by the body itself. Therefore, the correct answer is internal temperature.

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  • 39. 

    A baby learning to walk is an example of which of the functions of life?

    • Growth

    • Response

    • Homeostasis

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Growth
    Explanation
    A baby learning to walk is an example of the function of growth because it involves the physical development and increase in size of the baby's muscles, bones, and coordination skills.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following would be a reasonable size for a cell?

    • 100 mm

    • 100 um

    • 100 nm

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. 100 um
    Explanation
    A reasonable size for a cell would be 100 um (micrometers) because it falls within the typical range of cell sizes. Cells can vary in size, but most eukaryotic cells range from 10 to 100 um. This size allows for the necessary cellular structures and organelles to be present, while still allowing for efficient nutrient exchange and waste removal. The other options, 100 mm (millimeters) and 100 nm (nanometers), are either too large or too small to be considered reasonable sizes for a cell.

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  • 41. 

    Which of the following is maintained through homeostasis?

    • Temperature

    • Salt-water balance

    • PH

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment. Temperature, salt-water balance, and pH are all regulated through homeostasis. The body works to keep the temperature within a narrow range, maintain the balance of salt and water in the body, and regulate the pH levels to ensure proper functioning of cells and organs. Therefore, all of the given options are maintained through homeostasis.

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  • 42. 

    An embryo developing fingers from flippers is an example of which of the functions of life?

    • Response

    • Homeostasis

    • Metabolism

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. None of the above
    Explanation
    The development of fingers from flippers in an embryo is an example of growth and development, which is not included in the given options. Homeostasis refers to the ability to maintain a stable internal environment, while metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur within an organism. Therefore, the correct answer is None of the above.

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  • 43. 

    Which of the following could be considered an extention or exception to the cell theory?

    • Euglena and their pond environment

    • Receptor cells and their specialized sensors

    • Bone cells and their extracellular matrix

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Bone cells and their extracellular matrix
    Explanation
    Bone cells and their extracellular matrix can be considered an extension or exception to the cell theory because the cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms, but bone cells are unique in that they are surrounded by an extracellular matrix. This matrix, composed of proteins and minerals, provides support and structure to the bone tissue. Therefore, bone cells cannot be fully understood or explained without considering the role of the extracellular matrix, making it an exception to the cell theory.

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  • 44. 

    Which of the functions of life involves providing a source of compounds which provide an organism with energy and chemical compounds to maintain life?

    • Metabolism

    • Nutrition

    • Homeostasis

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Nutrition
    Explanation
    Nutrition is the correct answer because it refers to the process by which organisms obtain and use food to support their growth, metabolism, and overall health. It involves the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and utilization of nutrients from food sources. Nutrition provides the necessary compounds, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which are broken down and converted into energy and other chemical compounds needed for the organism to maintain life.

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  • 45. 

    Who observed the first living cells and referred to them as "animalcules" (little animals)?

    • Theodore Schwann

    • Louis Pasteur

    • Antione van Leeuvenhoek

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Antione van Leeuvenhoek
    Explanation
    Antione van Leeuvenhoek observed the first living cells and referred to them as "animalcules" (little animals). He was a Dutch scientist who was the first to use a microscope to observe and describe single-celled organisms. His observations laid the foundation for the field of microbiology and greatly contributed to our understanding of the microscopic world.

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  • 46. 

    Which of the following would be a reasonable size for a membrane?

    • 100 nm

    • 10 nm

    • 1 nm

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. 10 nm
    Explanation
    A reasonable size for a membrane would be 10 nm because it falls within the typical range of membrane thicknesses. Membranes are thin structures that separate different compartments or environments, and they are often on the nanoscale. 100 nm and 1 nm are not as reasonable because 100 nm is relatively thick for a membrane, while 1 nm is extremely thin and may not provide sufficient barrier properties. Therefore, 10 nm is the most reasonable option.

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  • 47. 

    Which of the following could be considered an extention or exception to the cell theory?

    • Bone, with its extracellular material

    • Skin, with its layers

    • Neural tissue, with its connections

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Bone, with its extracellular material
    Explanation
    Bone, with its extracellular material, can be considered an extension or exception to the cell theory because it contains a significant amount of extracellular matrix, which is not accounted for in the traditional cell theory. While cells are the basic unit of life and the building blocks of tissues, bone is a specialized connective tissue that has a unique structure with cells embedded within a solid extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibers and minerals. This extracellular material plays a crucial role in providing strength and support to the bone, which goes beyond the traditional understanding of cells as the sole functional units.

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  • 48. 

    A lizard basking on a rock to warm up is an example of which of the functions of life?

    • Metabolism

    • Response

    • Homeostasis

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Homeostasis
    Explanation
    The lizard basking on a rock to warm up is an example of homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable condition. In this case, the lizard is using the external environment (the sun-warmed rock) to regulate its body temperature and maintain a stable internal temperature. This is an important function of life as it allows organisms to survive and function properly in their environment.

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  • 49. 

    Which of the following could be considered an extention or exception to the cell theory?

    • The environment of thermoacidophiles

    • The extracellular material of bone

    • The symbiosis of lichens

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The extracellular material of bone
    Explanation
    The extracellular material of bone can be considered an extension or exception to the cell theory because it is a non-living component that plays a crucial role in the structure and function of bone tissue. While the cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of life and organisms are composed of cells, the extracellular material of bone, known as the matrix, is made up of minerals and proteins that provide strength and support to the bone. Therefore, the presence of this non-living material in bone challenges the idea that all components of an organism must be composed of cells.

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  • Aug 25, 2023
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  • Jan 04, 2012
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    Drtaylor

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