Hypertension Nursing Quiz Questions And Answers

High blood pressure can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Drinking a lot of water helps to stay hydrated and maintain blood pressure. Regular exercise helps to keep the heart and blood vessels in good condition. Consuming less sodium (salt) is important as excessive sodium intake can lead to high blood pressure. Making a lifestyle change, such as quitting smoking, reducing stress, and maintaining a healthy weight, also helps in preventing high blood pressure.

Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding smoking are effective ways to prevent high blood pressure. Excess weight puts strain on the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of developing hypertension. Smoking damages blood vessels and raises blood pressure. By achieving a healthy weight and avoiding smoking, individuals can reduce their risk of developing high blood pressure and its associated complications.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can affect people of all ages, including children and adults. While it is more common in adults, it is not exclusive to them. Children can also develop hypertension due to various factors such as obesity, family history, certain medical conditions, and unhealthy lifestyle habits. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that only kids between the ages of 1 and 10 are prone to hypertension.

A blood pressure reading of 180/120 is significantly higher than the normal range, indicating severe hypertension. Additionally, the presence of end organ damage suggests that the high blood pressure has already caused damage to vital organs such as the heart, brain, or kidneys. This combination of extremely high blood pressure and organ damage classifies the condition as a hypertensive emergency. In such cases, immediate medical intervention is necessary to bring down the blood pressure and prevent further complications or life-threatening events.

African Americans have a higher prevalence of hypertension and are more likely to develop complications from uncontrolled blood pressure. Combination therapy, which involves using two or more medications with different mechanisms of action, is often necessary to effectively control blood pressure in this population. This approach helps to address the underlying physiological factors that contribute to hypertension in African Americans, such as increased salt sensitivity and decreased responsiveness to certain antihypertensive medications. Therefore, it is true that African Americans have an increased need for combination therapy to attain and maintain blood pressure goals.

The recommended exercise regimen for a client with hypertension should begin slowly and gradually increase in intensity. Starting with 20-30 minutes of aerobic exercise three times a week is a suitable starting point. This allows the client's body to adjust to the exercise and gradually improve cardiovascular fitness without putting too much strain on the heart. Increasing the duration or frequency too quickly could potentially be harmful for someone with hypertension.

This statement is false because high sodium intake is actually associated with an increased risk of developing high blood pressure. Consuming too much sodium can cause the body to retain water, leading to higher blood volume and increased pressure on the blood vessels. To prevent high blood pressure, it is recommended to limit sodium intake and follow a balanced diet that includes other important nutrients like potassium, magnesium, and calcium.

The blood pressure reading of 119/80 falls within the normal range for blood pressure. Pre-hypertension is defined as having a systolic pressure between 120-139 or a diastolic pressure between 80-89. Stage 1 hypertension is characterized by a systolic pressure between 140-159 or a diastolic pressure between 90-99. Stage 2 hypertension is indicated by a systolic pressure of 160 or higher or a diastolic pressure of 100 or higher. Since the given blood pressure reading does not fall within any of these ranges, the correct answer is "None of the above".

Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which means it blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, meaning it narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By blocking this conversion, lisinopril allows the blood vessels to remain dilated, resulting in improved blood flow and lower blood pressure.

Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle in the kidneys. By doing so, it increases the excretion of sodium and water in the urine, leading to a decrease in blood volume and ultimately lowering blood pressure. This is why furosemide is commonly used to treat hypertension. It does not dilate peripheral blood vessels, decrease sympathetic cardioacceleration, or inhibit angiotensin-converting enzymes, which are mechanisms of action for other antihypertensive medications.

Hypertension is officially diagnosed when the patient consistently shows a systolic blood pressure reading of 140 mm Hg or higher and a diastolic blood pressure reading of 90 mm Hg or higher. These elevated blood pressure levels indicate that the patient is experiencing high blood pressure over a sustained period of time.

Symptoms of hypertension are often not present. Hypertension is often referred to as the "silent killer" because it typically does not cause noticeable symptoms. This is why it is important for individuals to have their blood pressure checked regularly, as hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as stroke, heart attack, and kidney damage without any warning signs.

The statement is false because elderly patients are actually at a higher risk for orthostatic hypotension compared to younger patients. Orthostatic hypotension is a condition where a person's blood pressure drops significantly when they stand up from a sitting or lying position. This is more common in older individuals due to age-related changes in the cardiovascular system, such as decreased elasticity of blood vessels and reduced ability to regulate blood pressure. Younger patients generally have a more robust cardiovascular system and are less likely to experience orthostatic hypotension.

163/112 is considered to be Stage 2 Hypertension because the systolic blood pressure (163) falls in the range of 160-179 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure (112) falls in the range of 100-109 mmHg. Stage 2 Hypertension is characterized by high blood pressure levels that require prompt medical attention and lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of complications.

The meal selection of oatmeal, apple juice, dry toast, and coffee indicates that the client understands his new diet for regulating blood pressure. Oatmeal is a high-fiber food that can help lower blood pressure. Apple juice is a good choice as it is low in sodium and high in antioxidants. Dry toast is a healthier option compared to bacon or pancakes. Coffee, in moderation, is acceptable for most people with hypertension. This meal selection shows an understanding of choosing foods that are low in sodium and high in fiber and antioxidants, which are beneficial for managing blood pressure.

African Americans have a higher risk of developing hypertension compared to other ethnic groups. This is due to genetic factors and higher prevalence of risk factors such as obesity and diabetes within this population. Additionally, age is a risk factor for hypertension, with the risk increasing as individuals get older. Therefore, the 45 year-old African American attorney is at the greatest risk for developing hypertension compared to the other individuals mentioned.

The priority nursing diagnosis for a client diagnosed with hypertension would be "Ineffective health maintenance". This is because hypertension is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management and lifestyle modifications. The nurse's priority would be to assess the client's current health practices and provide education and support to promote effective self-care and management of their hypertension. This includes monitoring blood pressure, promoting a healthy diet, encouraging regular exercise, and educating the client about the importance of taking prescribed medications.

The correct answer is "Kidneys' excretion of sodium and water". The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure. When the kidneys excrete sodium and water, it helps to decrease the volume of fluid in the bloodstream, leading to a drop in blood pressure. This is because sodium attracts water, so when sodium is excreted, water follows, reducing the overall volume of fluid in the body. By excreting sodium and water, the kidneys help to maintain normal blood pressure levels.

Rebound hypertension refers to a situation where blood pressure, which is normally controlled through therapy, becomes uncontrolled and abnormally high when the therapy is discontinued. This can happen when someone abruptly stops taking their prescribed medication or treatment for hypertension. The term "rebound" in this context indicates the sudden and exaggerated increase in blood pressure that occurs as a result of discontinuing therapy.

The primary focus should be reaching the systolic blood pressure goal because systolic blood pressure is an important indicator of cardiovascular health and is associated with a higher risk of heart disease and stroke. By reaching the systolic blood pressure goal, individuals can reduce their risk of these health complications and improve their overall well-being. Therefore, it is true that the primary focus should be on reaching the systolic blood pressure goal.

The correct answer is 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate. This is the appropriate amount to treat hypoglycemia. Consuming a simple carbohydrate, such as glucose tablets, fruit juice, or regular soda, can quickly raise blood sugar levels. The amount recommended, 10 to 15 g, is enough to raise blood sugar without causing it to spike too high. It is important for the client to be aware of the appropriate amount to ingest in order to effectively manage hypoglycemic episodes.

The correct answer suggests that Lisa has developed hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. This is indicated by her symptoms of weakness, fatigue, and numbness, as well as her knowledge that K sparing diuretics can cause potassium to be excreted in the urine. The nurse's response implies that Lisa needs to be educated about her medication to prevent further complications from hyperkalemia.

The nurse should ask the client at what time their last drink was taken because the symptoms the client is experiencing are consistent with alcohol withdrawal. Knowing the time of the last drink can help determine the severity of withdrawal and guide the appropriate treatment plan.

The client admitted for alcohol detoxification is showing symptoms such as increased tremors, irritability, hypertension, and fever. These symptoms are indicative of delirium tremens, which is a severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Delirium tremens is characterized by severe agitation, confusion, hallucinations, and autonomic hyperactivity. It is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Korsakoff's syndrome is a chronic memory disorder associated with alcohol abuse, esophageal varices are enlarged veins in the esophagus that occur due to liver cirrhosis, and Wernicke's syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency. None of these conditions match the symptoms described in the question.

ACE inhibitors are a type of medication commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure and certain heart conditions. One of the most common side effects of ACE inhibitors is a persistent cough, which occurs due to the accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs. Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is another potential side effect of ACE inhibitors, as these medications work by dilating blood vessels. Lastly, angioedema, a condition characterized by swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, can occur as a rare but serious side effect of ACE inhibitors. Therefore, all of the listed side effects are associated with ACE inhibitors.

The nursing assessment findings of rigidity, fever, hypertension, and diaphoresis in a client with chronic schizophrenia who takes neuroleptic medication suggest neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a potentially life-threatening reaction to antipsychotic medication characterized by muscle rigidity, high fever, autonomic dysregulation (such as hypertension), and altered mental status. Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder associated with long-term use of neuroleptic medication, dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions, and akathisia is a condition characterized by restlessness and an inability to sit still.

The correct answer is "all the above." This means that all of the statements mentioned by Peggy are true. She may experience headaches as a side effect of switching to norvasc. Norvasc causes vasodilation, which leads to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and lowers blood pressure (B/P). Additionally, it may cause peripheral edema.

Nicole's reaction can be explained by the withdrawal phenomenon. This occurs when a person abruptly stops taking a medication that they have been taking for a long time. In Nicole's case, she stopped taking her central alpha2-agonist medication because she felt fine and couldn't afford it. However, abruptly discontinuing this medication can lead to withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include symptoms such as rebound hypertension, anxiety, insomnia, and agitation. Therefore, Nicole's reaction can be attributed to the withdrawal phenomenon caused by abruptly stopping her medication.

Methyldopa is considered the drug of choice for treating hypertension in pregnant patients. It is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that helps lower blood pressure without harming the fetus. Other antihypertensive medications may have potential risks to the developing baby, but methyldopa has been extensively studied and proven to be safe and effective during pregnancy. Therefore, it is recommended as the preferred choice for managing hypertension in pregnant patients.

Hydralazine is the correct answer because it is a medication that directly dilates the peripheral blood vessels. It works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure. This dilation of the peripheral vessels allows for increased blood flow and can help to reduce the workload on the heart. Tekturna, Furosemide, and Valsartan are not medications that directly dilate the peripheral vessels.

Aldactone is a medication commonly used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure and heart failure. One of the side effects of Aldactone is hyperkalemia, which refers to high levels of potassium in the blood. This occurs because Aldactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it helps the body retain potassium rather than excreting it through urine. Hyperkalemia can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and in severe cases, cardiac arrest. Therefore, it is important for patients taking Aldactone to have their potassium levels monitored regularly to avoid complications associated with hyperkalemia.

A patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension may exhibit symptoms such as proteinuria, which is the presence of excess protein in the urine, headaches, and double vision. These symptoms are commonly associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension and can indicate potential complications. Vaginal bleeding and uterine contractions are not typically associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Hydralazine works on hypertension by causing peripheral vasodilation. This means that it relaxes and widens the blood vessels in the body, which reduces resistance to blood flow and lowers blood pressure. By dilating the peripheral blood vessels, hydralazine helps to decrease the workload on the heart and improve blood flow to the organs.

The JNC Guidelines consider thiazide-type diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta blockers as first-line agents for hypertension. This means that these drugs are recommended as the initial treatment options for individuals with high blood pressure. Each of these drug classes has been shown to effectively lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, all of the options listed are considered appropriate choices for managing hypertension according to the JNC Guidelines.

Metoprolol works by selectively blocking beta 1 receptors. Beta 1 receptors are primarily found in the heart and blocking them reduces the effects of the stress hormone adrenaline on the heart. This leads to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure, making metoprolol an effective medication for conditions such as high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. By specifically targeting beta 1 receptors, metoprolol minimizes unwanted side effects that may be associated with blocking other types of beta receptors.

Norvasc is a calcium channel blocker. Calcium channel blockers work by blocking the entry of calcium into the smooth muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels. This helps to relax and widen the blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and improving blood flow. Norvasc is commonly used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain (angina).

Nitroprusside is the correct answer because it is used to treat hypertensive emergencies. Nitroprusside is a vasodilator that works by relaxing and widening blood vessels, thereby reducing blood pressure. It is commonly used in emergency situations when blood pressure needs to be quickly and effectively lowered to prevent organ damage or failure. Zyprexa is an antipsychotic medication used to treat mental disorders, Lasix is a diuretic used to treat fluid retention, and Sodium Chloride is a salt solution used for various medical purposes.

The statement "I need to reduce my daily intake to 1,200 calories a day" indicates that the client needs further teaching. During pregnancy, it is generally recommended that women consume an additional 300-500 calories per day to support the growth and development of the baby. Therefore, reducing the daily intake to 1,200 calories may not provide adequate nutrition for both the mother and the baby.

The given signs and symptoms of chest tightness, shortness of breath, tachypnea, and decreased level of consciousness indicate respiratory failure. Respiratory failure occurs when the lungs are unable to provide enough oxygen to the body or remove enough carbon dioxide, leading to impaired gas exchange. In this case, it is likely that the new drug Norma has started for hypertension has caused a severe adverse reaction, resulting in respiratory failure.

A blood pressure reading of 134/85 is considered to be pre-hypertension. Pre-hypertension is a condition where blood pressure levels are higher than normal but not yet in the range of stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension. It is an indication that the individual is at risk of developing high blood pressure and should take measures to prevent it from progressing further.

During the administration of Diazoxide (Hyperstat), the nurse should check the blood glucose level. Diazoxide is a medication used to treat hypertensive crises, but it can cause hyperglycemia as a side effect. Therefore, monitoring the client's blood glucose level is important to ensure that it does not become dangerously high. This information will help the nurse determine if any interventions are needed to manage the client's blood glucose level during the administration of Diazoxide.

Direct vasodilators work by causing peripheral vasodilation, which means they relax and widen the blood vessels. This can lead to an increase in heart rate (HR) as the body compensates for the drop in blood pressure. Additionally, direct vasodilators can cause sodium (Na) retention, which can lead to fluid retention and edema. Finally, some direct vasodilators have been associated with drug-induced lupus syndrome, a rare autoimmune disorder. Therefore, all of the above side effects should be included in patient education when using direct vasodilators.

Chronic hypertension, or high blood pressure, can lead to various complications. Retinopathy is one such complication, where the blood vessels in the retina become damaged, potentially leading to vision problems or even blindness. Kidney disease is another complication, as the high pressure in the blood vessels can damage the kidneys' filtering system, leading to kidney failure. Depression and Alzheimer's, however, are not directly caused by chronic hypertension and are not considered complications of this condition.

Glenn's symptoms of olguria (decreased urine output) can be attributed to the use of a loop diuretic. Loop diuretics are commonly prescribed for conditions such as hypertension and heart failure, and they work by increasing urine production. However, excessive use or dehydration can lead to decreased urine output and other complications. In Glenn's case, working in the hot sun and becoming dizzy suggests that he may have experienced dehydration, which could have exacerbated the effects of the loop diuretic and caused his problem.

Verapamil is the correct answer because it is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle. By blocking the entry of calcium ions into the muscle cells, verapamil reduces the contractility of the smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. Atenolol is a beta blocker that works by blocking the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline, while hydralazine is a direct-acting vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscle in blood vessels. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that increases urine production and helps lower blood pressure.

The nurse should give priority to assessing the client for facial swelling because it is a common symptom of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a serious condition that can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby, including high blood pressure, organ damage, and restricted blood flow to the placenta. Facial swelling can be an early sign of preeclampsia and should be closely monitored to ensure prompt intervention and management of the condition.

Loop diuretics are the first choice for diabetic and renal failure patients with hypertension because they help to remove excess fluid from the body by increasing urine production. This can help to lower blood pressure and reduce the strain on the kidneys. Loop diuretics are particularly effective in patients with renal failure because they work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle in the kidneys, leading to increased urine output. Additionally, loop diuretics may also have some beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, making them a suitable choice for diabetic patients.

The immediate objective of nursing care for an overweight, mildly hypertensive male client with ureteral colic and hematuria is to decrease pain. Ureteral colic is a condition characterized by severe pain caused by the presence of kidney stones in the ureter. Managing and relieving the client's pain is the priority in this situation, as it can be extremely distressing and debilitating. By addressing and alleviating the pain, the client's overall comfort and well-being can be improved. Weight, hematuria, and hypertension may also be addressed in the nursing care plan, but pain reduction takes precedence as the immediate objective.

Administering lisinopril and furosemide concomitantly is an appropriate action for the nurse to take. Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that helps lower blood pressure, while furosemide is a loop diuretic that helps remove excess fluid from the body. These two medications are commonly prescribed together to treat hypertension. By administering them together, the nurse can maximize their effectiveness and provide the client with optimal blood pressure control. Therefore, questioning the order, administering the medications separately, or contacting the pharmacy is unnecessary in this situation.

The nurse should hold the medication if the patient's heart rate (HR) is abnormal. Atenolol is a beta blocker that helps to lower blood pressure and slow down the heart rate. If the patient's HR is already low or if there are any irregularities in the HR, it can be dangerous to administer the medication as it may further slow down the heart rate and cause complications. Therefore, it is important to hold the medication in such cases and consult the healthcare provider for further instructions.