Hydrocarbon Compounds 5/17/11

1. Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called

Hydroxcide

Carbonoxcide

Hydrocarbons

2. Butane

Has 1 carbon atoms

Has 4 carbon atoms

Has 2 carbon atoms

3. Alkanes contain only _____________ covalent bonds.

Single

Two

Three

4. Nonane has

Has 9 carbon atoms

Has 7 carbon atoms

Has 4 carbon atoms

5. The names of all alkanes end with the suffix ______________________ .

-kan

Alk

-ane

6. Heptane

Has10 carbon atoms

Has 5 carbon atoms

Has 7 carbon atoms

7. The ______________________ system names organic compounds according to their structure.

UPIAC

PACIU

IUPAC

8. How many structural isomers are there for C4H10?

2

5

3

9. Alkyl groups are named by removing the-ane ending of the parent hydrocarbon and adding ______________________ to indicate that one ______________________ has been removed.

Ly, radon

Ing, oxygen

-yl ,hydrogen

10. Name the structural isomers of C4H10.

Heptane and 2-methylpropane

Butane and 2-methylpropane

Octane and 2-methylpropane

11. What is organic chemistry?

It is the study of the chemistry of oxygen compounds

It is the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds.

It is the study of the chemistry of hydrogen compounds.

12. Propane

Has 8 carbon atoms

Has 4 carbon atoms

Has 3 carbon atoms

13. Name the structural isomers of C4H10.

1-hexyne and 2-methylpropane

Heptane and 3 octane

Butane and 2-methylpropane

14. What is the simplest alkane?

Hydrogen

Carbon

Methane

15. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3(CH2)3CH3 C — C — C — C — C

Formula for carbon

Formula for methane

Formula for pentane

16. Molecules that differ only in the spatial configuration of their substituted groups are called ______________________ isomers.

Geometric

Number

Alphabet

17. Which 2 statements are true about carbon's ability to form bonds.?

Carbon atoms have four valence electrons.Carbon atoms can form stable bonds with each other.

Carbon atoms always form three covalent bonds.Carbon atoms can form stable bonds with each other.

18. A(n) ______________________ is an atom or group of atoms that replaces hydrogen in a hydrocarbon.

Substituent

Emerged

Not substituent

19. Hydrocarbons that contain one or more ______________________ covalent bonds between carbons are called alkynes.

Four

Double

Triple

20. Cyclic hydrocarbons that contain only single carbon–carbon bonds are called ___________________.

Alkanes

Cycloalkanes

Cycloxygen

21. ______________________ is the simplest alkyne, and is also known by the common name ______________________ . common name ______________________ .

Dimethyl, pentene

Acetylene, ethyne

Ethyne,acetylene

22. In general, what determines which structural isomer will have the lowest boiling point?

In general, the more highly branched structure will have the lowest boiling point.

In general, the more highly branched structure will have the highest boiling point.

In general, the more highly branched structure will have the medium boiling point.

23. The simplest arene is ______________________ , which has a chemical formula of C6H6.

Benzene

Arenes

Carbon

24. What are structural isomers?

They are compounds that have the same molecular formula but same molecular structures.

They are compounds that have the different molecular formula but differentmolecular structures.

They are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differentmolecular structures.

25. A double bond and at least one substituent on each carbon of the double bond

Two things need to be present for the type of electrons

Two things need to be present for the type of atoms

Two things need to be present for the type of isomerism

26. The most abundant cyclic hydrocarbons contain ______________________ or ______________________ carbons.

5, 6

3, 5

2, 7

27. Methane, ethane, propane, and butane

The four fossil components of natural gas

The four main electron components of natural gas

The four main alkane components of natural gas

28. What is a branched-chain alkane?

It is an alkane with one or more alkyl groups.

It is an alkane with two or more alkyl groups

It is an alkane with three or more alkyl groups

29. What are structural isomers?

They are compounds that have the different molecular formula but differentmolecular structures.

They are mixtures that have the same molecular formula but differentmolecular structures.

They are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differentmolecular structures.

30. Match the terms for naming a disubstituted benzene with the substituent positions they represent. para

1,3

1,2

1,4

31. The straight-chain alkanes are a(n) ______________________________ because there is an incremental change of —CH2— from one compound in the series to the next.

Homologous series

Heterogous series

Mologous series

32. Which family of hydrocarbons are always saturated compounds?

Hydrocarbon

Alkanes

Ethyne

33. Molecules that differ only in the spatial configuration of their substituted groups are called ______________________ isomers.

Numerical

Geometric

Figure

34. What is a cyclic hydrocarbon?

It is a compound that contains a carbon ring.

It is a mixture that contains a hydrocarbon ring.

It is a compound that contains a hydrocarbon ring.

35. What is an alkene?

It is a hydrowater containing one or more carbon–carbon double covalent bonds.

It is a carbon containing one or more carbon–carbon double covalent bonds.

It is a hydrocarbon containing one or more carbon–carbon double covalent bonds.

36. How many structural isomers are there for C4H10?

2

3

4

37. Molecules that have an asymmetric ________ have handedness.

Carbon

Water

Oxygen

38. Molecules that exhibit resonance are more ______________________ than similar molecules

Unstable

Stable

More stable

39. When ______________________ is a substituent on an alkane, it is called a phenyl group.

Benzene

None benzene

Ethylhexene

40. What are straight-chain alkanes?

41. ______________________ is the simplest alkyne, and is also known by the common name ______________________ . common name ______________________ .

Ethyne, acetylene

Hydrocarbons,acetylene

Ethyne,Hydrocarbons

42. ______________________ objects will produce a reflection that is indistinguishable from the original.

Multi-Symmetrical

Symmetrical

Non-Symmetrical

43. Any substance that has carbon–carbon bonding like that of benzene is called an _________ compound.

Aliphatic

Unsaturated

Aromatic

44. What are fossil fuels?

They are fuels derived from the decay of organisms that died hundreds of years ago.

They are fuels derived from the decay of organisms that died thousands of years ago.

They are fuels derived from the decay of organisms that died millions of years ago.

45. In general, what determines which structural isomer will have the lowest boiling point?

In general, the more highly branched structure will have the lowest boiling point.

In general, the more highly branched structure will have the highest boiling point.

In general, the more highly branched structure will have the medium boiling point.

46. What toxic gas is formed during incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

Carbon monoxide

Carbon dioxide

Carbon zioxide

47. Hydrocarbons and other nonpolar molecules are not attracted to

Radon

Water

Oxygen

48. Why are these two molecules stereoisomers?

They have the same molecular structure but differ in the arrangement of the atomsin space.

They have the same molecular structure but differ in the arrangement of the protonsin space.

They have the same molecular structure but differ in the arrangement of the electrons in space.

49. What is the chemical formula for a phenyl group? ______________________

C8H5—

C6H7—

C6H5—

50. Circle the letter of the name of the compound shown CH2CH3 CH2CH3

Ethylhexene

Dimethylbenzene

Ethylbenzene

51. What is another name for the dimethylbenzenes?

Xylenes

Benzenes

Isomers

52. Pressure, bacterial action, heat heat , , bacterial action

Three possible combinations of positionsPetroleum and natural gas

For the two substituents.

Three factors needed to produce fossil fuels from organic residue.

53. Which noble gas is found in natural gas?

Helium

Carbon monoxide

Hydrocarbon

54. Coal consists primarily of ______________________ compounds of extremely high molar mass.

Box

Square

Ring

55. Which of these products can be distilled further?

Sand

Coal tar

Stone

56. Structural isomers have the ____________ physical properties.

Multiple

Same

Different

57. What is an asymmetric carbon?

It is a carbon with three different groups attached to it.

It is a carbon with five different groups attached to it.

It is a carbon with four different groups attached to it.

58. Derivatives of benzene that have ______________________ substituents are called disubstituted benzenes.

4

3

2

59. ______________________ combustion of a hydrocarbon produces a blue flame; ______________________ combustion produces a yellow flame.

Complete, incomplete

Liquid , Heating

Solid, Gas

60. How is crude oil refined?

It is refined by fractional distillation. Compounds are collected according to boiling point.

It is refined by fractional distillation. Compounds are collected according to freezing point.

It is refined by fractional distillation. Mixtures are collected according to boiling point.

61. Using a catalyst and heat to break hydrocarbons down into smaller molecules is called ______________________ .

Cracking

Gas

Solid

62. Lignite; about 50% bituminous; 70–80% anthracite; 80%

Three types of sands and the carbon content of each

Three types of coal and the carbon content of each

Three types of stones and the carbon content of each

63. Why were the arenes originally called aromatic compounds?

Many arenes have pleasant odors.

Many arenes have bad odors.

Many arenes have many different odors.

64. What does it mean to say that benzene exhibits resonance?

Three equally valid structures can be written for benzene.

Two equally valid structures can be written for benzene.

Four equally valid structures can be written for benzene.

65. Propane and butane are sold in ______________________ form to be used as ______________________ fuels.

Heating, gas

Solid, gas

Liquid , heating

66. What are the major attractive forces between alkane, alkene, or alkyne molecules? What physical properties can be explained by these forces?

67. Why are hydrocarbon molecules such as alkanes nonpolar?

68. Organic compounds that contain fewer than the maximum number of hydrogens in their structures are called ______________________ compounds.

Unsaturated

Saturated

Multisaturated

69. Match the terms for naming a disubstituted benzene with the substituent positions they represent. ortho

1,2

1,4

1,3

70. What major air pollutants are produced by burning coal that contains sulfur?

SO4and SO6

SO2 and SO3

SO6 and SO2

71. A double bond and at least one substituent on each carbon of the double bond

Two things need to be present for the type of hydrocarbons

Two things need to be present for the type of isomerism

Two things need to be present for the type of molecules

72. Match the terms for naming a disubstituted benzene with the substituent positions they represent. meta

1,2

1,4

1,3

73. Crude oil is commercially useful _____________refining.

Sometimes

Without

With

74. ______________________ is the intermediate material that is the first stage in coal formation. coal formation.

Soil

Sand

Peat

75. Mirror images that cannot be placed on top of each other to form a matching pair are called __________________________

Nonsuperimposable

Superimposable

Imposable

76. Petroleum and natural gas contain mostly ______________________________ hydrocarbons. hydrocarbons.

Aliphatic (straight-chain)

Helium(straight-chain)

Butane(straight-chain)

77. The first oil well was drilled in ______________________ in the late 1850s.

Tenn.

Texas

Pennsylvania

78. What are the major attractive forces between alkane, alkene, or alkyne molecules? What physical properties can be explained by these forces?

79. Natural gas and petroleum are often found together in ______________ geological formations.

Sphere-shaped

Triangle-shaped

Dome-shaped

80. The letter of the distillation fraction that represents the highest percent of crude oil. of crude oil.

Natural gas

Gasoline

Kerosene

81. Aromatic compounds produce more ______________________ when burned than do ______________________ fuels.

Soot,aliphatic

Coal tar,coke

Sand, stones

82. Structural isomers have the _____________physical properties.

Same

Diflerent

Multiple

83. Gas, coke, coal tar, ammonia

Four products that can be obtained by distilling coal

Four products that can be obtained by distilling water

Four products that can be obtained by distilling oil

84. ______________________ are a special group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons.

Aromatic

Benzene

Arenes