Hybrid Book - Chapter 7

A MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) is a type of power transistor commonly used in power inverters. It is known for its ability to handle high voltage and current levels, making it suitable for power applications. MOSFETs have low on-resistance, fast switching speeds, and good thermal characteristics, which make them efficient and reliable for converting DC power to AC power in inverters.

An IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) contains both MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) and bipolar transistor technologies. The MOSFET is responsible for the input and output characteristics of the IGBT, while the bipolar transistor is responsible for the high voltage and current handling capabilities. This combination allows the IGBT to have the advantages of both technologies, such as high input impedance and fast switching speeds from the MOSFET, and high current and voltage capabilities from the bipolar transistor.

The power inverter in a Toyota Prius is located in the engine compartment.

PWM stands for Pulse Width Modulation, which is a technique used to create a sine wave in electric machines. It involves rapidly switching the voltage on and off at a fixed frequency, with the duration of each on and off period varying to create the desired waveform. By adjusting the width of the pulses, the average voltage can be controlled, resulting in a smooth sine wave output. PWM is commonly used in applications such as motor control and power electronics to efficiently control the speed and power output of electric machines.

Reactive power is generated during regenerative braking mode when the magnetic fields of the rotor cut across the stator pole windings. During regenerative braking, the electric motor acts as a generator, converting the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy. This process involves the creation of magnetic fields, which cut across the stator pole windings and result in the generation of reactive power. This reactive power is necessary for the proper functioning of the electrical system during regenerative braking.

The flyback diode in an IGBT package is primarily used to steer electrical current during regenerative mode. In regenerative mode, the IGBT switches from conducting to blocking mode, causing the energy stored in the inductive load to be released back into the circuit. This can generate a reverse voltage spike, which can damage the IGBT. The flyback diode provides a path for this reverse current, protecting the IGBT from damage by redirecting the energy back into the circuit.

To increase the electrical current to the electric machine stator coils, the power inverter needs to command an increase in the sine wave amplitude. This means that the power inverter must increase the magnitude of the sine wave signal it generates, which in turn will result in a higher electrical current flowing through the stator coils of the electric machine.

In a basic power inverter system, 6 transistors are used to drive a 3-phase electric machine. This is because a 3-phase electric machine requires 6 switches to control the flow of current in its three windings. Each phase of the machine needs two transistors, one for the positive half cycle and one for the negative half cycle, resulting in a total of 6 transistors.

The power inverter in a Honda Civic Hybrid can be found behind the rear seat.

Voltage boosting of the power inverter is used by Toyota and Lexus. This means that Toyota and Lexus vehicles have a power inverter that is capable of increasing the voltage of the electrical system. This can be useful for various purposes, such as powering high-voltage devices or improving the efficiency of the electrical system. Other car manufacturers, such as GM and Honda, may not have this feature in their vehicles. Ford and Lexus are not mentioned in relation to voltage boosting of the power inverter.

A six-pack motor drive typically consists of six IGBTs. These IGBTs are used to control the power flow to the motor, allowing for precise control and efficient operation. Therefore, the correct answer is 6.

The sum of power concept is based on the voltage difference between the rotor and stator. This voltage difference is essential for the transfer of electrical energy from the stator to the rotor, enabling the generation of power in electrical machines such as generators and motors. Without a voltage difference, there would be no power transfer and the machines would not function.

Increasing the voltage to the electric machine will increase the power output, which directly affects all of the given options. Increasing the voltage will result in an increase in horsepower, as more power is being delivered to the machine. It will also increase torque, as torque is directly proportional to the power output. Finally, increasing the voltage will increase the speed of the electric machine, as more power allows it to operate at higher RPMs. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

The power inverter needs to sense the battery-pack state of charge in order to control the amount of regenerative power generated during braking or vehicle coast. This is because the state of charge of the battery pack indicates how much energy is available for regeneration. By monitoring the state of charge, the power inverter can adjust the amount of regenerative power generated to optimize energy efficiency and ensure that the battery pack is not overcharged or depleted.

Overmodulation is a technique used to increase the available voltage to a motor by using waveforms other than sine waves. By exceeding the normal limits of modulation, the amplitude of the waveform is increased, resulting in a higher voltage output. This can be beneficial in certain applications where higher voltage is required to drive the motor efficiently.

The power inverter controller needs to increase the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) to increase the voltage level to the electric machine. PWM is a technique used to control the average voltage delivered to a load by varying the width of the pulses in a digital signal. By increasing the PWM, the controller can increase the voltage level, allowing for higher power output to the electric machine.

The slip control algorithm achieves torque control by controlling the phase electrical current in the stator coils and by controlling the slip frequency. The slip frequency is the difference between the electrical frequency of the stator and the mechanical frequency of the rotor. By adjusting the slip frequency, the control algorithm can regulate the torque output of the motor. This allows for precise control of the motor's performance and ensures that the desired torque is achieved.

A power inverter control system uses different waveforms to power an electric machine in order to maintain the bus voltage level. This is important because the bus voltage level needs to be regulated and kept within a certain range to ensure the proper functioning of the electric machine. By using different waveforms, the power inverter control system can adjust the voltage output to match the required bus voltage level, thus maintaining its stability and preventing any potential damage or malfunctioning.

There are four basic waveforms for electric machine control.

IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) are electronic devices used for switching applications in power electronics. In this context, when referring to a wye-connected stator, it means a three-phase AC induction motor. A wye-connected stator has three phases, and each phase requires a separate IGBT to control the current flow. Therefore, two IGBTs are required to turn on two phases of a wye-connected stator, while the third phase is controlled separately.

The boost converter is primarily used in the power inverter to increase the voltage level of the input power source. This higher voltage is then used to increase the horsepower and torque of the motor. Therefore, the correct answer is "increase horsepower and torque".

When the power inverter controller requests an increase in speed (or rpm), the stator frequency must also increase. The stator frequency determines the speed at which the magnetic field rotates in the motor. By increasing the stator frequency, the motor can spin faster and achieve the desired increase in speed. Therefore, the stator frequency is directly related to the speed of the motor and needs to be increased when a speed increase is requested.

The sum of power concept refers to the total amount of power being generated or consumed in a system. In this context, the charging system indicator bulb is similar to the sum of power concept because it provides a visual indication of the charging system's functionality. Just like the sum of power concept gives an overall understanding of the power flow in a system, the charging system indicator bulb gives an indication of whether the charging system is working properly or not. Both provide a way to monitor and assess the power-related aspects of a system.