Humanities Final, Practice Quiz

The image is a letter that is considered "Jesus Christ, Son of God and Savior" by the Greek alphabet. This suggests that the letter or symbol used in the image is a Greek letter that represents Jesus Christ. The Greek alphabet is known for its use in the Greek language and is commonly used in religious texts and symbols associated with Christianity.

Amos was a prophet who lived in the 8th century. Prophets were individuals who were believed to have a direct line of communication with a divine entity and were chosen to deliver messages or prophecies from that entity to the people. Amos, specifically, was known for his messages of social justice and his criticism of the wealthy and powerful. He is considered one of the minor prophets in the Hebrew Bible and his writings have had a significant impact on religious and social thought.

Justinian, out of religious conviction, shut down the last surviving platonic academy.

The Qur'an insists that Muhammad brought back the pure monotheism of Moses. This means that Muhammad's teachings and revelations were in line with the monotheistic beliefs and practices that Moses had preached. The Qur'an emphasizes the importance of believing in one God and following His commandments, just as Moses had done. Muhammad is seen as a continuation of the prophetic tradition that started with Moses, reaffirming the core principles of monotheism.

Charlemagne, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, mandated the use of a specific type of chant in all churches within his realm. This chant, known as Gregorian chant, became the standard form of liturgical music in the Western Church. It is characterized by its monophonic texture, free rhythm, and modal melodies. The term "Gregorian" refers to Pope Gregory I, who is traditionally believed to have codified and organized this form of chant in the 6th century. The Gregorian chant played a significant role in the development of Western music and remains an important part of liturgical traditions today.

Kyrie Eleison is a Greek phrase that is commonly used in Christian liturgy. It translates to "Lord have mercy on us" in English. It is a plea for God's mercy and forgiveness. In religious services, it is often sung or recited as a prayer, acknowledging human sinfulness and asking for God's compassion and forgiveness. The phrase has been used for centuries and is deeply rooted in Christian tradition.

The correct answer is Mary because Notre Dame de Belle Verrière is a stained glass window located in Chartres Cathedral in France, depicting the Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus. The figure in the stained glass is clearly identified as Mary, based on her traditional portrayal and the context of the religious setting.

Carmina Burana is a student poem that has been set to music. This means that the original text of the poem has been transformed into a musical composition, with melodies, harmonies, and possibly even lyrics added to enhance the overall artistic experience. This process of setting poetry to music is a common practice in the world of classical music, and it allows for a unique and dynamic interpretation of the original written work.

Aquinas was greatly influenced by the work of Aristotle. Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who made significant contributions to various fields, including logic, ethics, and metaphysics. Aquinas, a medieval philosopher, drew heavily from Aristotle's ideas and incorporated them into his own philosophical framework. Aquinas admired Aristotle's emphasis on reason and believed that his teachings could be harmonized with Christian theology. He incorporated Aristotelian concepts such as teleology and the concept of natural law into his own philosophy, making Aristotle a major influence on Aquinas' thought.

The given answer, "Canterbury," fits logically in the blank space because it is the name of a famous collection of tales called "The Canterbury Tales." This collection is written by Geoffrey Chaucer and includes various types of stories, such as legends about saints, rival tales, exemplum, and animal tales. Therefore, "Canterbury" is the appropriate answer to complete the sentence.

Simone Martini was willing to sacrifice naturalism to courtly elegance. This means that Martini prioritized and valued the refined and sophisticated style associated with the courtly aesthetic over portraying things in a realistic or naturalistic manner. He was more interested in capturing the grace and elegance of the courtly world rather than focusing on depicting things as they appear in reality.

The word "Flagellants" refers to a group of people who engage in religious practices involving self-flagellation or whipping themselves as an act of penance or devotion. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Flagellants were religious fanatics who were deeply committed to their religious beliefs and practices.

The given statement is true. The Florentine representative of the Medici bank in Bruges was indeed Giovanni Arnolfini.

Donatello's "Saint Mary Magdalene" represents a meditation of the vanities of life. This means that the sculpture serves as a reflection or contemplation on the fleeting and superficial aspects of human existence. It could be interpreted as a reminder of the impermanence and emptiness of worldly pleasures and possessions. The artwork may prompt viewers to consider the transitory nature of material wealth and the importance of focusing on more meaningful and lasting aspects of life.

The "Last Supper" is notable for capturing a psychological movement because it depicts the emotions and reactions of the disciples when Jesus reveals that one of them will betray him. The painting shows their shock, confusion, and disbelief, which reflects the psychological turmoil they are experiencing in that moment. Leonardo da Vinci masterfully portrays these emotions through the facial expressions and body language of the figures, making the painting a powerful representation of the psychological dynamics at play during the Last Supper.

The correct answer is government. The theme of "The Prince" is the restriction of secular government to central control. This means that the book discusses the idea of limiting the power and control of the government to a central authority.

Machiavelli might be called a pragmatist because he believed in practicality and the use of any means necessary to achieve political goals. He emphasized the importance of maintaining power and stability, even if it meant engaging in deceit or immoral actions. Machiavelli's ideas were based on a realistic understanding of human nature and the complexities of politics, rather than idealistic or moralistic principles. He advocated for leaders to prioritize their own interests and the interests of the state above all else, making him a pragmatic thinker.

Ockeghem is notable for his combination of intellectual feeling. This suggests that his music is characterized by a deep sense of thoughtfulness and complexity. It implies that his compositions go beyond just evoking emotions, but also engage the listener's intellect. Ockeghem's music likely contains intricate musical structures and intellectual depth that sets it apart from other composers of his time.

The most striking feature of the "Decomposition" is its shocking colors. This suggests that the artwork or object being referred to has colors that are particularly vivid, intense, or unexpected. The use of the word "shocking" implies that the colors are attention-grabbing and may evoke strong emotions or reactions from viewers. The colors may be bold, contrasting, or unconventional, making them stand out and leave a lasting impression.

The given correct answer is Vatican. The question states that "The Disputá", The Sistine Chapel, "The School of Athens", and "The Last Judgment" are all in the Vatican. This indicates that these artworks or locations can be found in the Vatican. The Vatican is a city-state within Rome, Italy, and is known for being the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. It is home to numerous famous artworks and landmarks, including the ones mentioned in the question.

In the 1500s, Spain and Austria were ruled by the Hapsburg dynasty. The Hapsburgs were a powerful royal family that controlled vast territories and held significant political influence during this time period. They played a crucial role in shaping the political landscape of Europe and were known for their ambitious expansionist policies. The Hapsburgs were particularly influential in Spain, where they established a powerful empire and played a major role in the colonization of the Americas. In Austria, they were responsible for consolidating power and expanding the Hapsburg territories through strategic marriages and military campaigns.

Bruegel sees man as part of the natural cycle of existence, implying that he believes humans are interconnected with and influenced by the natural world. This suggests that Bruegel views humans as being subject to the same laws and processes of life and death as other living beings, highlighting the interconnectedness and interdependence of all forms of life.

Poussin's paintings often convey a sense of longing or desire for something that is yet to come, which can be interpreted as a yearning for the future. This can be seen through the use of symbolism, composition, and subject matter in his artworks. The artist's portrayal of landscapes, figures, and narratives often suggests a sense of anticipation or hope for what lies ahead. This theme of yearning for the future is a recurring motif in Poussin's work, making "Future" a fitting answer to the question.

Couperin is most associated with the style gallant. The style gallant, also known as the galant style, was a musical style that emerged in the 18th century. It was characterized by its light and graceful melodies, simple harmonies, and elegant ornamentation. François Couperin, a French composer and harpsichordist, was one of the leading figures of the style gallant. He composed numerous keyboard works and chamber music pieces in this style, showcasing his mastery of the elegant and refined musical language that defined the style gallant.

Ingres was the self-appointed defender of Classicalism. Classicalism refers to the adherence to the principles and aesthetics of classical art, particularly from ancient Greece and Rome. Ingres believed in the importance of preserving and promoting the classical ideals of beauty, harmony, and order in art. He opposed the emerging trends of Romanticism and other contemporary movements that deviated from classical traditions. Ingres' dedication to Classicalism can be seen in his meticulous attention to detail, perfect anatomical proportions, and idealized representations of the human figure in his paintings.

Schönberg's twelve-tone technique is referred to as serialism. Serialism is a method of composition that involves organizing the twelve pitches of the chromatic scale into a series or row, and then using that series as the basis for the entire composition. This technique allows for the avoidance of traditional tonality and the exploration of new harmonic possibilities.

The statement suggests that the Meiji type of ruling has been successful in modern Japan. Since the answer given is "true," it implies that the Meiji type of ruling has indeed been successful in governing modern Japan.

High crown, ceremonial cape, and spear are all characteristics commonly associated with the Oba, which is the traditional ruler of the Benin Kingdom in Nigeria. The Oba is a highly respected and revered figure who holds significant political and spiritual power. The high crown symbolizes the Oba's royal status and authority, while the ceremonial cape is worn during important ceremonial events. The spear represents the Oba's role as a warrior and protector of the kingdom. Overall, these characteristics are distinctively associated with the Oba and his position in Benin culture.

Serge Diaghilev was known for his role as an impresario, which means he was responsible for organizing and managing artistic performances. In this case, he gathered the greatest artists of his time to contribute to ballet.

The French Lumiėre Brothers, American Panopticon, and Vitascope are responsible for first motion pictures. They were pioneers in the field of cinematography and played a crucial role in the development and popularization of motion pictures. The Lumiėre Brothers, Auguste and Louis, invented the cinematograph, which was a portable motion picture camera and projector. The American Panopticon was a theater in Pittsburgh that showcased early motion pictures, and the Vitascope was a projector developed by Thomas Edison and his team. Together, these innovations laid the foundation for the modern motion picture industry.

"Lles demoisellesd auignon" is regarded as a landmark of twentieth-century painting because it is a groundbreaking and influential artwork that revolutionized the art world. Created by Pablo Picasso in 1907, this painting is considered one of the earliest examples of Cubism and challenged traditional artistic conventions. It depicts five female figures in a fragmented and abstracted style, showcasing Picasso's innovative approach to representation and his exploration of multiple perspectives. The artwork's bold and unconventional composition, along with its significant impact on subsequent art movements, solidifies its status as a landmark in the history of painting.

The statement is true because all of the mentioned compositions - Shakespeare Suite, Peer Gynt Suite, Nutcracker Suite, and The River - were indeed written by Duke Ellington.

Louis Sullivan is credited with coining the phrase "form follows function." This phrase became a fundamental principle in modern architecture and design, emphasizing that the form or shape of an object or building should be determined by its intended function or purpose.

The role of the priests in Egyptian society was to preserve traditional beliefs. They were responsible for maintaining and upholding the religious practices, rituals, and traditions that were deeply ingrained in the culture. The priests acted as intermediaries between the people and the gods, performing ceremonies and offering sacrifices to ensure the favor and protection of the deities. Their knowledge and expertise were crucial in preserving the religious beliefs and customs that were central to Egyptian society.

The Egyptians believed in the concept of an afterlife, where they would continue to exist in a different form after death. This belief in immortality was an integral part of their religion and influenced their burial practices and rituals. They believed that through various religious ceremonies and the preservation of the body, they could ensure their journey to the afterlife and attain immortality. This belief in the possibility of immortality gave them hope and comfort in the face of death.

The correct answer is writing. In the early phase of Sumerian Culture, the development of writing was crucial. Writing allowed the Sumerians to record and communicate information, which greatly facilitated the growth of their civilization. Through writing, they were able to keep records of transactions, laws, and religious texts. It also enabled the spread of knowledge and the preservation of their history and culture. The development of writing was a significant milestone in the advancement of Sumerian society.

During the period around 2700 B.C.E., the ruler of Uruk was Gilgamesh. This is known from historical records and ancient texts such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, which depicts him as a legendary figure and the king of Uruk. Gilgamesh was a powerful and influential ruler, known for his great accomplishments and adventures. He is considered a central figure in ancient Mesopotamian history and mythology.

The Egyptians of the Old Kingdom and the Sumerians did not pay any attention to the Greeks because Aegean culture was static or stationary. This suggests that the Greeks were not seen as a significant or influential civilization during that time period.

The Mycenaeans were famous in mythology for their involvement in the Trojan War. This war, as described in Homer's epic poem The Iliad, was fought between the Mycenaeans and the city of Troy. The Mycenaeans, led by King Agamemnon, played a significant role in the war, which lasted for ten years. The conflict was sparked by the abduction of Helen, the wife of Menelaus, by Paris, a prince of Troy. The Mycenaeans ultimately achieved victory by using the famous Trojan Horse, a strategy that allowed them to infiltrate and conquer the city of Troy.

Mycenaean architects heavily fortified their cities, were preoccupied with war, and executed more solemn frescoes. This is in contrast to Minoan architects who did not heavily fortify their cities and were not as focused on warfare. The Mycenaeans placed a greater emphasis on defense and military strategies, which is reflected in their architectural choices. Additionally, their artistic style was characterized by more serious and somber themes, as seen in their frescoes.

The Battle of Marathon was important for Greece because Darius, the Persian king, was defeated. This victory marked a significant turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars and demonstrated the military strength and resilience of the Greek city-states. The defeat of Darius at Marathon also boosted the morale of the Greeks and gave them confidence in their ability to resist further Persian invasions. Additionally, this victory paved the way for the eventual establishment of Athenian dominance in the region and set the stage for the golden age of Athens.

Greek ideas were spread throughout the ancient world by the conquerors of Greece. This is because when Greece was conquered by other civilizations, such as the Romans, the conquerors were exposed to Greek culture, philosophy, and ideas. They then incorporated these ideas into their own societies and spread them further as they expanded their empires. This resulted in the dissemination of Greek ideas and knowledge to different parts of the ancient world.

The Greeks believed that human reason and self-knowledge were powerful tools that could lead to understanding and enlightenment. They valued the ability to think critically and use logic to make sense of the world. They also believed that self-knowledge was essential for personal growth and self-improvement. This confidence in the power of human reason and self-knowledge is reflected in their philosophical and intellectual achievements, such as the development of rational inquiry, the Socratic method, and the pursuit of wisdom.

Euripides is the tragedian closest to our own time who is known for his concern for realism and social injustice. He was a Greek playwright who lived during the 5th century BCE and is considered one of the three great tragedians of ancient Greece, along with Aeschylus and Sophocles. Euripides' plays often depicted the realities of human nature and explored social issues, challenging traditional beliefs and norms. His works, such as "Medea" and "The Trojan Women," are known for their psychological depth and portrayal of complex characters dealing with social injustices.

The interesting boycott in Lysistrata involves sex. This means that in the play, the women of Athens decide to withhold sex from their husbands and lovers as a form of protest, in order to end the Peloponnesian War. This boycott is interesting because it challenges traditional gender roles and power dynamics, using sexuality as a means of political resistance.

The statement suggests that beauty is not something that occurs naturally but rather is created by the power of human intellect. In the Classical Greek vision, beauty is believed to be achieved through the balanced interrelationships of the parts of the human body. This implies that beauty is not solely determined by nature or genetics, but rather can be achieved through the deliberate arrangement and proportion of these parts.

The Classical preoccupation with proportion was first illustrated in architecture with a dramatic use of space. This means that the Classical architects focused on creating a sense of balance and harmony in their designs by carefully considering the proportions and relationships between different elements within a space. They utilized techniques such as symmetrical layouts, precise measurements, and the use of negative space to create a visually pleasing and harmonious architectural composition. By emphasizing the importance of proportion, the Classical architects were able to create buildings that were not only aesthetically pleasing but also structurally sound.

Entasis refers to the subtle curvature or swelling in the shaft of a column, which is used to counteract the optical illusion that makes straight lines appear concave. This technique was commonly employed in ancient Greek and Roman architecture to create a more visually appealing and balanced appearance. The term "different distances and thicknesses of columns, and outward leaning entablature" is likely referring to the various elements and techniques used in architectural design to achieve the desired effect of entasis.

Lysippus was a renowned sculptor during the Hellenistic period and had a significant impact on later Hellenistic art. His innovative approach to sculpting, characterized by naturalism and attention to detail, set a new standard for artists of that time. Lysippus' works were highly influential and widely admired, inspiring generations of artists who followed him. His style and techniques revolutionized the art of sculpture, making him the sculptor with the greatest influence on later Hellenistic art.

The chief buildings in Pergamum include the Temple of Zeus at Olympia.