How Do Organisms Reproduce? Quiz

The correct answer is "Both i and ii." This means that a trait in an organism is influenced by both paternal DNA and maternal DNA. This is because an organism inherits genetic material from both its parents, and these genetic materials contribute to the development of various traits in the organism. Therefore, both the paternal DNA and maternal DNA play a role in influencing the traits of an organism.

The size of the body can be acquired through various factors such as diet, exercise, and lifestyle choices. While genetics may play a role in determining a person's potential height or build, it is ultimately influenced by external factors and can be changed throughout one's life. In contrast, the color of the eye, nature of hair, and color of skin are primarily determined by genetic inheritance and are not easily altered.

Fertilisation involves the fusion of genetic material from two different individuals, resulting in the creation of offspring with a unique combination of traits. This process introduces genetic variation into a population, which is a key driver of evolution. Binary fission, budding, and regeneration do not involve the exchange of genetic material between individuals and therefore do not contribute to the formation of new species to the same extent as fertilisation.

When DNA is copied, the resulting copies will be identical to the original DNA. This means that the sequence of nucleotides in the copies will be exactly the same as the original DNA. However, it is important to note that while the copies are identical, they may not be exactly the same in terms of their physical properties or functions. Therefore, the copies can be considered similar to the original DNA, but not necessarily identical in all aspects.

Offspring formed by sexual reproduction have more variation than those formed by asexual reproduction because gametes of parents have qualitatively different genetic composition. This means that each parent contributes a unique set of genetic information to their offspring, resulting in a greater variety of genetic combinations. In asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically identical or very similar to the parent since they are produced from a single parent's genetic material.

The reproductive part of Rhizopus is the sporangium. A sporangium is a structure that contains spores, which are responsible for the reproduction of the fungus. In Rhizopus, the sporangium is a specialized structure that develops at the tip of a hypha, called a sporangiophore. The sporangium releases spores into the environment, allowing for the dispersal and propagation of the fungus. The other options, hyphae and sporangiophore, are not the reproductive parts themselves but are structures involved in the production and release of the sporangium.

The bud in hydra generally develops from the lower half.

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in which a single organism divides into two identical individuals. During binary fission, the cytoplasm divides after each nuclear division, ensuring that each new individual receives a complete set of genetic material. It occurs under favorable conditions when the organism has enough resources to support the division process. However, binary fission does not involve leaving a part of the body unused or covering residual cytoplasm. Therefore, the statement "A part of the body, covering residual cytoplasm is left unused" is not a feature of binary fission.

Tissue culture is the technique used for ornamental plants. This method involves growing plant cells or tissues in a laboratory under sterile conditions. It allows for the propagation of plants on a large scale and the production of disease-free plants. By using tissue culture, ornamental plants can be produced more efficiently and with higher quality compared to traditional methods such as grafting or layering. Therefore, tissue culture is the correct answer for the technique used in the cultivation of ornamental plants.

Both the assertion and reason are true. The assertion states that plants raised by vegetative propagation can bear flowers and seeds earlier than those produced from seeds, which is a valid statement. The reason provided is also true, as it explains that plants that have lost the capacity to bear viable seeds can still propagate through vegetative propagation. However, the reason does not directly explain why plants raised by vegetative propagation can bear flowers and seeds earlier. Therefore, both statements are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

In Rhizopus, the tubular thread-like structures that bear sporangia are called hyphae. Hyphae are the branching, filamentous structures that make up the body of a fungus. They are responsible for absorbing nutrients and providing structural support to the fungus. In Rhizopus, the hyphae bear sporangia, which are specialized structures that produce and release spores for reproduction. Therefore, the correct answer is hyphae.

Amoeba and bacteria do not experience natural death because their parental body is distributed among their offspring. This means that when they reproduce through binary fission, the parent cell divides into two daughter cells, and each daughter cell receives a portion of the parent's genetic material. As a result, the parent cell does not die but continues to live on in its offspring. This process allows for the continuous survival and replication of amoeba and bacteria without the occurrence of natural death.

Grafting is a method of artificial propagation where a stock and a scion are involved. The stock is the root system or lower part of the plant, while the scion is the upper part of the plant that contains the desired traits. In grafting, the scion is attached to the stock, allowing it to receive nutrients and support from the root system. This technique is commonly used in horticulture to propagate plants with specific characteristics and traits.

Tissue culture is a method of plant propagation that can be carried out throughout the year, allowing for continuous production of plants. It involves growing plant cells or tissues in a controlled environment to produce new plants. One advantage of tissue culture is that it can rescue embryos that would normally die and allow them to form new plants. However, a large space is not required for carrying out tissue culture. In fact, tissue culture can be done in small laboratory settings using specialized equipment and techniques. Therefore, the statement that large space is required for carrying out the method is not correct.

Radish does not undergo vegetative propagation because it is a biennial plant that reproduces through seeds. Vegetative propagation refers to the process of a plant producing new individuals from its vegetative parts such as stems, leaves, or roots. Raspberry, bougainvillea, and turmeric can all undergo vegetative propagation through methods such as stem cuttings, rhizome division, or bulb division. However, radish does not have the ability to reproduce in this way and relies solely on its seeds for propagation.

Regeneration is the process by which an organism is able to regrow lost or damaged body parts. Both Hydra and planaria have the ability to regenerate, making it the correct answer. In Hydra, if the organism is cut into pieces, each piece has the ability to regenerate and form a complete individual. Similarly, planaria can regenerate from fragments, where each fragment has the ability to regrow into a complete organism.

Fission is a form of asexual reproduction where an organism splits into two or more parts, each of which develops into a separate individual. Planaria, a type of flatworm, is known to reproduce through fission. Therefore, fission occasionally occurs in planaria.

Higher animals have limited power of regeneration as development and differentiation is controlled by nervous and hormonal systems. This means that in higher animals, the ability to regenerate lost or damaged tissues and organs is limited compared to lower animals. In lower animals, such as certain species of worms and amphibians, they have a higher capacity for regeneration due to their simpler nervous and hormonal systems.

Bread mould fails to grow on a dry slice of bread because even though the bread offers nutrients, it lacks moisture. Mould requires a moist environment to grow and thrive. Without sufficient moisture, the mould spores cannot germinate and form the visible mould colonies. Therefore, while the dry slice of bread may provide the necessary nutrients, the absence of moisture prevents mould growth.

Corals and sponges are the correct answer because both of these organisms reproduce through the process of budding. Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a new individual grows out of the parent organism, forming a bud that eventually detaches and develops into a separate organism. Both corals and sponges are capable of this type of reproduction, making them the two types of organisms that produce colonies through budding.