HIV/AIDS & Tumor Immunology

2.

The membrane attack complex (MAC) is involved in the destruction of tumor cells.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Lysis of tumor cells occurs after activation of the classical pathway. The classical pathway (and all the compliment pathways) end in lysis through the membrane attack complex.

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3.

Which HIV cell surface protein is responsible for binding a helper T cell?

Gp41
Reverse transcriptase
Gp120
Proviral DNA

Correct Answer

A. Gp120

Explanation

She probably wont ask too detailed a question..but this seemed like a gimme.

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4.

Which test should be used as a starting point in the diagnosis of AIDS?

ELISA
Western Blot
IFA
PCR

Correct Answer

A. ELISA

Explanation

Western Blot, IFA, and PCR all serve to confirm a diagnosis. ELISA is the first test done and gives a positive/negative/indeterminate result.

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5.

Which of the following is a reason to HIV's resistance to drugs?

HIV has a high mutation rate due to reverse transcriptase errors
It uses reverse transcriptase
It isn't very resistant to drugs
Most drugs are protease inhibitors, which treat symptoms and not the viral infection

Correct Answer

A. HIV has a high mutation rate due to reverse transcriptase errors

Explanation

HIV has a high mutation rate due to reverse transcriptase errors. Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that allows HIV to convert its RNA into DNA, which can then be integrated into the host cell's genome. However, reverse transcriptase is prone to making errors during this process, leading to a high rate of mutations in the viral genome. These mutations can result in changes to the virus's proteins, making it more difficult for drugs to effectively target and treat the infection.

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6.

An absolute CD4+T cell count of 150 in a cubic millimeter of blood would indicate

The person is an antibody-positive asymptomatic carrier
The patient is vulnerable to an opportunistic infection
The patient is in category 1 of the CD4+T categories.
The patient is not at risk for AIDS

Correct Answer

A. The patient is vulnerable to an opportunistic infection

Explanation

CBC (of Helper T cells) less than 200-300 indicates vulnerability to opportunistic infections. This is classified as category 3

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7.

An opportunistic infection that occurs in the eye is the ________

Human papilloma virus
Hepatitis C virus
MAC
Cytomegalovirus

Correct Answer

A. Cytomegalovirus

Explanation

Cytomegalovirus is a common opportunistic infection that can occur in the eye. It is a type of herpes virus that can cause inflammation and damage to the retina, leading to vision problems. It commonly affects individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing organ transplantation. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is the most common manifestation of this infection in the eye and can cause symptoms like blurry vision, floaters, and loss of peripheral vision. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent further complications and preserve vision.

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8.

AIDS is diagnosed when

A person has become infected by the HIV virus
Antibodies to the proteins encoded by gag, pol, and env are found in the blood
Chronic fever, weight loss, and diarrhea are present with the virus
A person is infected with the HIV Virus and has been infected by opportunistic infections

Correct Answer

A. A person is infected with the HIV Virus and has been infected by opportunistic infections

Explanation

It is not classified as AIDS until the immunodeficiency reaches the point to where opportunistic infections are present. Also malignant neoplasms.

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9.

Which of the following AIDS diagnostic tests use electrophoresis and detects up to 9 HIV viral proteins?

ELISA
Western Blot
PCR
IFA

Correct Answer

A. Western Blot

Explanation

The Western Blot test is used for AIDS diagnosis and it utilizes electrophoresis to separate and detect up to 9 different HIV viral proteins. This test is considered to be highly accurate and is often used as a confirmatory test after a positive result from an initial screening test like ELISA. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a molecular test used to detect the genetic material of the virus, while IFA (Immunofluorescence Assay) is a technique that uses fluorescent antibodies to detect viral proteins.

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10.

Which of the following would aid in tumor escape?

Increased immune surveillance
Tumor decreasing production of immunosuppressive cytokines
Reduced levels of MHC-1 molecule on the tumor
Increased levels of Tumor associated and tumor specific antigens

Correct Answer

A. Reduced levels of MHC-1 molecule on the tumor

Explanation

Reduced levels of MHC-1 molecules on the tumor would aid in tumor escape. MHC-1 molecules are responsible for presenting antigens to immune cells, which triggers an immune response against the tumor. When the levels of MHC-1 molecules are reduced, the tumor becomes less recognizable to the immune system, allowing it to escape immune surveillance and avoid destruction by immune cells. This helps the tumor to evade the immune response and continue to grow and spread.

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11.

In a person with AIDS, which type of cell is mainly being attacked/depleted? (Select 2)

CD4+ T
CD8+ T
Helper T Cell
Natural Killer Cells

Correct Answer(s)

A. CD4+ T
A. Helper T Cell

Explanation

CD4+T cells are helper T Cells

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12.

The most common AIDS diagnostic test is one that isolates the virus from a blood sample.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Checking for presence of HIV antigen in the blood is the most common method. Slide 30

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13.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding CMV retinitis?

If untreated, the disease can cause blindness within 4 weeks
It is a member of the herpes virus family
Treatment is a one time regiment lasting 6 months
The CMV virus, if untreated, will cause blindness to both eyes

Correct Answer

A. Treatment is a one time regiment lasting 6 months

Explanation

Treatment is life long

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14.

Select the correct order of the HIV infection process of a Helper T cell.

Binding of gp41 --> Proviral DNA--> Genomic viral DNA --> Synthesis of new Viral proteins --> Integration of provirus DNA
Binding of gp120--> Genomic viral DNA --> reverse transcription into Proviral DNA -->Integration of Provirus DNA -->Synthesis of new viral proteins
Binding of gp120 --> Proviral DNA --> reverse transcription into Genomic DNA --> Integration into host DNA --> Synthesis of new HIV proteins
Binding of gp41 --> Genomic DNA --> Integration into host DNA --> Reverse transcription into proviral DNA --> Synthesis of new HIV proteins.

Correct Answer

A. Binding of gp120--> Genomic viral DNA --> reverse transcription into Proviral DNA -->Integration of Provirus DNA -->Synthesis of new viral proteins

Explanation

The correct order of the HIV infection process of a Helper T cell is as follows: binding of gp120 to the cell surface receptor, followed by the entry of genomic viral DNA into the cell. The viral RNA is then reverse transcribed into proviral DNA, which is integrated into the host cell's DNA. Finally, the host cell machinery synthesizes new viral proteins.

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15.

Which of the following are oncofetal genes? (Select 2)

CEA
AFP
RAS
P53

Correct Answer(s)

A. CEA
A. AFP

Explanation

CEA - Carcino embryonic antigens
AFP - Alpha fetoprotein.

RAS and p53 may be tumor associated antigens but are not oncofetal genes.

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HIV/AIDS & Tumor Immunology

Someone infected with HIV may be asymptomatic for years

Quiz Preview

The membrane attack complex (MAC) is involved in the destruction of tumor cells.

Which HIV cell surface protein is responsible for binding a helper T cell?

Which test should be used as a starting point in the diagnosis of AIDS?

Which of the following is a reason to HIV's resistance to drugs?

An absolute CD4+T cell count of 150 in a cubic millimeter of blood would indicate

An opportunistic infection that occurs in the eye is the ________

AIDS is diagnosed when

Which of the following AIDS diagnostic tests use electrophoresis and detects up to 9 HIV viral proteins?

Which of the following would aid in tumor escape?

In a person with AIDS, which type of cell is mainly being attacked/depleted? (Select 2)

The most common AIDS diagnostic test is one that isolates the virus from a blood sample.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding CMV retinitis?

Select the correct order of the HIV infection process of a Helper T cell.

Which of the following are oncofetal genes? (Select 2)