Health Psychology Test #4

1. What type of tumor invades surrounding tissue?

Benign

Malignant

Automotive

SHAAD

None of the above.

An invading tumor is bad.

Mal = bad.

Malignant = invasive tumor.

Explanation

An invading tumor is bad.

Mal = bad.

Malignant = invasive tumor.

2. Ischemia is a condition in which cells are robbed of oxygen.

True

False

Ischemia is a symptom of Coronary Heart Disease.

Explanation

Ischemia is a symptom of Coronary Heart Disease.

3. Which of the following cells are attacked during the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection.

B Cells

T Helper Cells

Natural Killer Cells

Memory B Cells

Leukocytes

While T Helper cells have no cell killing properties of their own, they activate immune system cells that do.

Explanation

While T Helper cells have no cell killing properties of their own, they activate immune system cells that do.

4. Which of the following terms is most closely associated with the term "heart attack" in which there is a death of heart tissue?

Coronary heart disease

CVR

Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial Infarction is the most closely associated term with "heart attack" in which there is a death of heart tissue. Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, leading to the death of heart muscle cells. This condition is often caused by a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart. Coronary heart disease is a broader term that refers to the narrowing or blockage of these arteries, while CVR is not directly related to heart attacks or the death of heart tissue.

Explanation

Myocardial Infarction is the most closely associated term with "heart attack" in which there is a death of heart tissue. Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, leading to the death of heart muscle cells. This condition is often caused by a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart. Coronary heart disease is a broader term that refers to the narrowing or blockage of these arteries, while CVR is not directly related to heart attacks or the death of heart tissue.

5. Type I diabetes ____________________

Is insulin dependent; body feeds off its own fats and proteins due to the immune system destroying cells that produce insulin (beta cells of the pancreas)

Is not insulin dependent; body feeds off its own fats and proteins due to the immune system destroying cells that produce insulin (beta cells of the pancreas)

Is insulin resistant

A and C

B and C

Type II diabetes is NOT insulin dependent; those who suffer from it are insulin resistant causing an imbalance between insulin production and action and is regulated by controlling blood sugar levels and through exercise.

Explanation

Type II diabetes is NOT insulin dependent; those who suffer from it are insulin resistant causing an imbalance between insulin production and action and is regulated by controlling blood sugar levels and through exercise.

6. 90% of hypertension is unknown in origin (the remaining five percent occurs due to failures of the kidney to regulate blood pressure).

Hypertension unknown in origin is also known as _____________ hypertension.

Essential hypertension refers to high blood pressure that has no identifiable cause. It is estimated that approximately 90% of cases of hypertension fall into this category, meaning that the exact reason for the elevated blood pressure is unknown. The remaining 10% of cases can be attributed to specific factors such as kidney problems. Therefore, essential hypertension is the correct term for hypertension of unknown origin.

Explanation

Essential hypertension refers to high blood pressure that has no identifiable cause. It is estimated that approximately 90% of cases of hypertension fall into this category, meaning that the exact reason for the elevated blood pressure is unknown. The remaining 10% of cases can be attributed to specific factors such as kidney problems. Therefore, essential hypertension is the correct term for hypertension of unknown origin.

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7. The term "chemo brain" refers to a byproduct of chemotherapy in that the patient

May experience swelling of the hypothalamus and suffer some internal bleeding

May be affected cognitively or emotionally

May become addicted to chemotherapy treatments

May lose motor control

C and D

"Chemo brain" refers to cognitive and emotional changes that can occur as a result of chemotherapy treatment. It is not directly related to physical symptoms such as swelling of the hypothalamus, internal bleeding, or loss of motor control. Instead, patients may experience difficulties with memory, concentration, and emotional well-being. These cognitive and emotional effects can be temporary or long-lasting, and can vary in severity from person to person.

Explanation

"Chemo brain" refers to cognitive and emotional changes that can occur as a result of chemotherapy treatment. It is not directly related to physical symptoms such as swelling of the hypothalamus, internal bleeding, or loss of motor control. Instead, patients may experience difficulties with memory, concentration, and emotional well-being. These cognitive and emotional effects can be temporary or long-lasting, and can vary in severity from person to person.

8. Which of the following is not a major factor in mortality trends?

Race

Gender

Income

Education

None of the above

The question asks for a factor that is not a major contributor to mortality trends. The options provided include race, gender, income, education, and "none of the above." The correct answer, "none of the above," implies that all of the factors listed (race, gender, income, and education) are major factors in mortality trends. Therefore, the correct answer suggests that all of these factors play a significant role in determining mortality rates.

Explanation

The question asks for a factor that is not a major contributor to mortality trends. The options provided include race, gender, income, education, and "none of the above." The correct answer, "none of the above," implies that all of the factors listed (race, gender, income, and education) are major factors in mortality trends. Therefore, the correct answer suggests that all of these factors play a significant role in determining mortality rates.

9. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a primary prevention method in the treatment of HIV/AIDS.

True

False

HAART is a secondary prevention method, meaning it is treatment for a patient who already has the HIV virus as it helps against the progression of the disease and the emergence of its symptoms.

Primary prevention is geared toward actually preventing diseases.

Explanation

HAART is a secondary prevention method, meaning it is treatment for a patient who already has the HIV virus as it helps against the progression of the disease and the emergence of its symptoms.

Primary prevention is geared toward actually preventing diseases.

10. All of the following are symptoms of HIV except __________________.

Skin rashes

Short-term memory loss

Loss of fingernails

Fatigue

They are all symptoms of HIV

Don't be stu-PED!

Explanation

Don't be stu-PED!

11. _______________ leads to abnormal cell growth.

Cancer

Carinogenesis

Carcinoma

A & C

None of the above

Carcinogenesis is the process of cancer development that begins with damage to genes that leads to abnormal cell growth and a detectable tumor.

Cancer (also known as carcinoma) is the condition of abnormal cell growth and the accumulation of those abnormal cells.

Explanation

Carcinogenesis is the process of cancer development that begins with damage to genes that leads to abnormal cell growth and a detectable tumor.

Cancer (also known as carcinoma) is the condition of abnormal cell growth and the accumulation of those abnormal cells.

12. In the TNM staging system for cancer, the letter T in the acronym TNM stands for tumor size. Which of the following are the correct descriptions for "N" and "M" (select 2 answers)?

N: number of tumors in the body, whether malignant or benign.

N: (lymph) nodes have been affected.

M: malignant or benign tumor classification

M: metastatic (has already mobilized) tumor

One of the above choices is incorrect.

The letter N in the TNM staging system stands for whether the (lymph) nodes have been affected. This means that it assesses whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. The letter M in the TNM staging system stands for a metastatic tumor, which means that the cancer has already spread to distant parts of the body. These two descriptions are correct in the context of the TNM staging system for cancer.

Explanation

The letter N in the TNM staging system stands for whether the (lymph) nodes have been affected. This means that it assesses whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. The letter M in the TNM staging system stands for a metastatic tumor, which means that the cancer has already spread to distant parts of the body. These two descriptions are correct in the context of the TNM staging system for cancer.

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